Transcranial magnetic stimulation over right intraparietal sulcus improves selective attention for feature discriminating.

Background: Previous studies have confirmed the coordinated control of attentional processes by the frontal and parietal lobes. However, the function of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in the attention system remains unclear. In this study, we measured transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked event-related potentials (ERPs) to determine the extent to which the right intraparietal sulcus (rIPS) is involved in attentional processing.

Sequential Patterns and Transition Timelines of Chronic Disease Comorbidities in Obesity: Evidence from the ELSA database.

Objective: To characterize the sequential patterns and transition timelines of chronic disease comorbidities in population with obesity.

Methods: We analyzed population with obese from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, including 22,355 independent participants for using association rule mining (ARM) to identify comorbidity patterns and 92,092 person-observations to analyze disease progression pathways and transition probability by multi-stage Markov chain (MMC). Health burden was compared between different onset disease.

New bioactive pyridone alkaloids and pyranones from endophytic fungus Phomopsis tersa SC5100.

Three previously unreported pyridone alkaloids (1-3), three undescribed pyranones (4-6), along with six known congeners (7-12), were obtained from the solid culture of endophytic fungus Phomopsis tersa SC5100. Their structures, incorporating absolute configurations, were elucidated based on comprehensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR data, HRESIMS spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (CuKα), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1-3 exhibited outstanding immunosuppressive activities on concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation with IC values of 10.

New Squalene Triterpenes From the Fungus Irpex laceratus.

Six undescribed squalene triterpenes, named irpelacerins A-F (1-6), together with three known lanostane triterpenoids (7-9) were isolated from the solid fermentation of the endophytic fungus Irpex laceratus, which was collected from the medicinal plant Casuarina equisetifolia L. Compounds 1-6 were a group of uncommon chain triterpenoids, which existed in the form of acyclic or monocyclic structures. Their chemical structures were determined by extensive analyses of NMR spectroscopic data, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and comparison with literature analogs.

High frequency-rTMS of the left DLPFC relieve headaches and enhance frontal-temporal connectivity in migraine.

Objective: Migraine is a neurological disorder linked to altered cortical excitability. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) is a promising non-invasive method for modulating nociceptive circuits, yet its precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study applied HF-rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and assessed brain network changes using transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG).

Mechanism of N-Acetyl-D-alloisoleucine in Controlling Strawberry Black Root Rot.

China is the largest strawberry producer in the world. Strawberry black root rot is a novel disease that occurs in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of S-16 and its fermented form on strawberry black root rot caused by were tested.

Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with gout risk: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007-2018 data emphasizing mixture effects.

Objective: This study examined associations between serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and gout risk in the U.S. adult population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 data.

Exploring genome-transcriptome correlations in cancer.

We examine the complex relationship between genomic copy number variation (CNV) and gene expression, highlighting the relevance to cancer biology and other biological contexts. By tracing the history of genometranscriptome correlations, we emphasize the complexity and challenges in understanding these interactions, particularly within the heterogeneous landscape of human cancers. Recent advances in computational algorithms and high-throughput single-cell multi-omic sequencing technologies are discussed, demonstrating their potential to refine our understanding of cancer biology and their limitations.

Pancancer analysis of the interactions between CTNNB1 and infiltrating immune cell populations.

Recently, evidence has indicated that CTNNB1 is important in a variety of malignancies. However, how CTNNB1 interacts with immune cell infiltration remains to be further investigated. In this study, we focused on the correlations between CTNNB1 and tumorigenesis, tumor progression, mutation, phosphorylation, and prognosis via gene expression profiling interaction analysis; TIMER 2.

Enhancing neural operator learning with invariants to simultaneously learn various physical mechanisms.

We discuss the recent advancement in PDE learning, focusing on Physics Invariant Attention Neural Operator (PIANO). PIANO is a novel neural operator learning framework for deciphering and integrating physical knowledge from PDEs sampled from multi- physical scenarios.

Magnetically functionalized hydrogels for high-throughput genomic applications.

Single-cell genomics has revolutionized tissue analysis by revealing the genetic program of individual cells. The key aspect of the technology is the use of barcoded beads to unambiguously tag sequences originating from a single cell. The generation of unique barcodes on beads is mainly achieved by split-pooling methods, which are labor-intensive due to repeated washing steps.

Effects of accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation in modulating brain of Alzheimer's disease.

Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is emerging as a noninvasive therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent advances highlighted a new accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) protocol, consisting of multiple sessions per day and higher overall pulse doses, in brain modulation. To examine the possibility of applying the aiTBS in treating AD patients, we enrolled 45 patients in AD at early clinical stages, and they were randomly assigned to either receive real or sham aiTBS.

Efficacy of transcranial photobiomodulation in the treatment for major depressive disorder: A TMS-EEG and pilot study.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) was a prevalent mental condition that may be accompanied by decreased excitability of left frontal pole (FP) and abnormal brain connections. An 820 nm tPBM can induce an increase in stimulated cortical excitability. The purpose of our study was to establish how clinical symptoms and time-varying brain network connectivity of MDD were affected by transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM).

Nonlinear relationship between gonadotropin total dose applied and live birth rates in non-PCOS patients: a retrospective cohort study.

The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between the total dose of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) applied during controlled ovulation stimulation and the live birth rates (LBRs) in non-PCOS population. Many studies have found no difference between the dose of FSH application and pregnancy outcomes such as clinical pregnancy rates after fresh embryo transfer. However, a recent large retrospective analysis found a negative correlation between live birth rates and increasing dose of FSH.

Free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D thresholds for bone metabolism and their associations with metabolic syndrome in Chinese women of childbearing age.

Objective: The free hormone hypothesis suggests that free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may better reflect vitamin D bioactivity. This study aimed to determine the free and bioavailable 25(OH)D characteristics, estimate their thresholds based on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone turnover markers (BTMs), assess their associations with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and evaluate their potential advantages.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a nationally representative database ( = 1,505, female, 18-45 years).

Excitatory-inhibitory modulation of transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation on human motor cortex.

Aims: Transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technology. This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of tFUS on human motor cortex (M1) excitability and explore the mechanism of neurotransmitter-related intracortical circuitry and plasticity.

Methods: Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-eliciting motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were used to assessed M1 excitability in 10 subjects.

[Association of vitamin D gene polymorphisms and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Chinese women of childbearing age].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between vitamin D(VitD)-related single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH) D) levels and VitD nutritional status.

Methods: A total of 1507 women of childbearing age aged 18-45 were selected from the sample bank of "2015 Chinese adult chronic disease and nutrition monitoring". Basic information(including region, season, age, height, weight, etc.

High sensitivity closed-loop Rb optically pumped magnetometer for measuring nuclear magnetization.

Rb optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) show advantages to measure the nuclear magnetization and have succeeded in fundamental physics and rotation sensing, etc. The magnetometry sensitivity is a key performance of these Rb OPMs which should be improved. In this study, a high sensitivity Rb OPM is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally.

Magnetic Field-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution on a Mixed-Valent Cobalt-Modulated LaCoO Catalyst.

Extensive efforts to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic performance of transition metal oxides mainly concentrate on the extrinsic morphology tailoring, lattice doping, and electrode interface optimizing. Nevertheless, little room is left for performance improvement using these methods and an obvious gap still exists compared to the precious metal catalysts. In this work, a novel "mixed-valent cobalt modulation" strategy is presented to enhance the electrocatalytic OER of perovskite LaCoO (LCO) oxide.

Combined functional and structural imaging of brain white matter reveals stage-dependent impairment in multiple system atrophy of cerebellar type.

Advances in fMRI of brain white matter (WM) have established the feasibility of understanding how functional signals of WM evolve with brain diseases. By combining functional signals with structural features of WM, the current study characterizes functional and structural impairments of WM in cerebelar type multiple system atrophy, with the goal to derive new mechanistic insights into the pathological progression of this disease. Our analysis of 30 well-diagnosed patients revealed pronounced decreases in functional connectivity in WM bundles of the cerebellum and brainstem, and concomitant local structural alterations that depended on the disease stage.

Targeted de novo phasing and long-range assembly by template mutagenesis.

Short-read sequencers provide highly accurate reads at very low cost. Unfortunately, short reads are often inadequate for important applications such as assembly in complex regions or phasing across distant heterozygous sites. In this study, we describe novel bench protocols and algorithms to obtain haplotype-phased sequence assemblies with ultra-low error for regions 10 kb and longer using short reads only.

Association of Serum 25(OH)D with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Women of Childbearing Age.

Objective: To analyze the associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, and the related genetic and non-genetic factors in non-diabetic women of childbearing age in China. Methods: Subjects were randomly selected from the 2015 Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance. The data of sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were obtained through questionnaire survey.

Threshold for Relationship between Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone in Chinese Women of Childbearing Age.

: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) in Chinese childbearing women, and to estimate the optimum threshold of 25(OH)D that maximally inhibits the PTH, which is considered to be the optimal status for vitamin D sufficiency. : Serum samples were selected from the biological samples' bank of the Chinese Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Survey (CCDNS) 2015. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the serum PTH was determined by electronic chemiluminescence.

Parity-induced changes to mammary epithelial cells control NKT cell expansion and mammary oncogenesis.

Pregnancy reprograms mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to control their responses to pregnancy hormone re-exposure and carcinoma progression. However, the influence of pregnancy on the mammary microenvironment is less clear. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile the composition of epithelial and non-epithelial cells in mammary tissue from nulliparous and parous female mice.

Effects of hyperventilation with face mask on brain network in patients with epilepsy.

Objectives: During the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, wearing face masks was recommended, including patients with epilepsy doing the hyperventilation (HV) test during electroencephalogram (EEG) examination somewhere. However, evidence was still limited about the effect of HV with face mask on cortical excitability of patients with epilepsy. The motivation of this work is to make use of the graph theory of EEG to characterize the cortical excitability of patients with epilepsy when they did HV under the condition wearing a surgical face mask.