A calcium-decoding module translates volatile DMNT into jasmonic acid-mediated herbivore resistance in Camellia sinensis.

Plants employ sophisticated volatile-mediated signaling mechanisms to defend against herbivore attacks; however, the molecular pathways underlying these processes remain poorly understood. Herein, we unveil the molecular mechanism by which the herbivore-induced volatile (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) activates jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). We demonstrate that DMNT triggers early signaling events in tea plants, characterized by a rapid influx of Ca2+ in mesophyll cells, which subsequently initiates a signaling cascade involving the CsCAMTA3 (calmodulin-binding transcription activator, CAMTA).

Main lobe shifting and splitting of 2D symmetric Airy beams via digital phase modulation.

Main lobe shifting and splitting phenomena of Airy beams are theoretically investigated based on the spatial light modulator (SLM) method. By digitally modulating the phase masks on the SLM, the single main lobe of the 2D symmetric Airy beam shifts to its neighboring side lobe. This results in the main-lobe splitting and the formation of a two-main-lobe state.

Optical multi-wavelength selectors based on distributed feedback chirped grating in arrays of graphene.

We utilized the forward transmission matrix method (FTMM) to theoretically examine the transmission and reflection characteristics of distributed feedback chirped grating structures based on graphene arrays. These chirped gratings are formed by embedding single-layer graphene sheets in a bulk substrate in a non-periodic arrangement, with a consistent difference in the spatial period between adjacent graphene sheets. The entire system exhibits central symmetry.

Dynamically tunable photonic manipulation and sensing in graphene array-driven Bragg gratings.

This study proposes a dynamically tunable optical sensor (DFBG-GA) based on the integration of a distributed feedback Bragg grating (DFBG) and a graphene array (GA). Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the transmission spectrum of DFBG-GA exhibits prominent resonance peaks, the linewidth and wavelength of which can be dynamically tuned by adjusting the graphene chemical potential, the number of Bragg grating periods, and the cavity thickness. Experimental results reveal that the structure achieves a refractive index sensitivity of up to 10,430 nm/RIU, with a strong linear response (R > 0.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and physical properties of ThRuSn with a distorted kagome structure.

We report the synthesis and comprehensive analysis of a new ternary compound, ThRuSn, featuring a distorted kagome structure composed of Th atoms. The compound crystallizes in a ZrNiAl-type structure with lattice parameters a = b = 7.4599(6) Å and c = 4.

Giant spatial Goos-Hänchen shift achieved in superconducting hyperbolic metamaterials with graphene.

We have theoretically analyzed the enhancement and regulation of the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift within hyperbolic metamaterials in the near-infrared band under low-temperature conditions. Given a fixed incident wavelength, photonic crystals constructed from graphene and superconductor present hyperbolic dispersion characteristics in the dispersion space by modulating the Fermi energy of graphene. Near the critical phase transition point from elliptic dispersion to hyperbolic dispersion, the phase of the reflection coefficient undergoes an abrupt alteration.

Tea Aphid-Induced β-Elemene Biosynthesis by CsELE Enhances JA-Dependent Herbivore Resistance in Tea Plants.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles play a crucial role in enhancing plant resistance and adaptability. However, the key volatiles triggering this response and their activation mechanisms remain largely unknown. Although tea aphids (Toxoptera aurantii) are common tea plantation pests, the underlying biochemical pathways by which aphid-induced volatiles in Camellia sinensis contribute to aphid resistance are not well understood.

Novel Gain-Optimized Two-Step Fusion Filtering Method for Ranging-Based Localization Using Predicted Residuals.

A two-stage fusion filtering positioning algorithm based on prediction residuals and gain adaptation is proposed to address the problems of disturbance and modeling errors in the application of distance-based positioning algorithms in wireless sensor networks, as well as inaccurate initial filtering values leading to large estimation errors or even divergence. Firstly, based on parameterization methods, a pseudo linear equation is constructed from the time of arrival (TOA) and multipath delay. The weighted least squares (WLS) method is applied to obtain the initial value of target position resolution, and its performance approaches the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB).

Effects of Hot Night Exposure on Human Semen Quality: A Multicenter Population-Based Study.

Objective: To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period (0-90 lag days) with semen quality.

Methods: A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014-2020 were recruited in this multicenter study. Two indices (i.

Tunable GH shift based on hyperbolic metamaterials composed of graphene and dielectric.

We theoretically analyze the enhancement and regulation of Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift in hyperbolic metamaterials in the near-infrared band. For a given incident wavelength, photonic crystals composed of graphene and dielectric present hyperbolic dispersion characteristics by modulating the Fermi energy of graphene. The phase of the reflection coefficient changes dramatically near the phase transition from hyperbolic dispersion to elliptic dispersion, and subsequently giant GH shift is achieved at the resonant angle.

Discovery of naphthoquinone-furo-piperidone derivatives as dual targeting agents of STAT3 and NQO1 for the treatment of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, posing a significant threat to their physical and mental well-being. STAT3 has been found closely associated with the occurrence and development of breast cancer, while blocking STAT3 pathway can promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibit cell proliferation. NQO1 is a potential anti-tumor drug target, and its substrate has been widely proven to show significant anti-tumor activity.

Associations between neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio and rheumatoid arthritis versus osteoarthritis: a comprehensive analysis utilizing the NHANES database.

Objectives: The association between the neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio (NPAR) and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between NPAR and the risk of OA and RA.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 92,062 American adults in the NHANES database between 1999 and 2016.

Interpretable Radiomics Model Predicts Nanomedicine Tumor Accumulation Using Routine Medical Imaging.

Accurately predicting nanomedicine accumulation is critical for guiding patient stratification and optimizing treatment strategies in the context of precision medicine. However, non-invasive prediction of nanomedicine accumulation remains challenging, primarily due to the complexity of identifying relevant imaging features that predict accumulation. Here, a novel non-invasive method is proposed that utilizes standard-of-care medical imaging modalities, including computed tomography and ultrasound, combined with a radiomics-based model to predict nanomedicine accumulation in tumor.

Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the Kagome Metal ThVSn.

Kagome lattice materials are anticipated to exhibit unique properties stemming from the intricate interplay among geometry, magnetism, electronic correlation, and band topology. Here, we report a new ternary compound, ThVSn, which contains double-layer kagome networks composed of vanadium atoms. The compound crystallizes in an HfFeGe-type structure with cell parameters of = = 5.

Membrane-free Electrolysis Production of Hydrogen Peroxide on Low-cost Metal-free Electrocatalysts for Dye Degradation.

The efficient production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) solution was achieved by combining cathodic two-electron oxygen reduction (2e ORR) and anodic two-electron water oxidation (2e WOR) in two half-reaction cells. h-BN loaded on carbon fibers (h-BN@C) is prepared and employed as an anode material to catalyze 2e WOR, while sulfonated commercial BP-2000 carbons (BP-2000-SOH) were prepared as the cathode materials for 2e ORR. In a 2 M KHCO solution, an overall Faradaic efficiency of 97 % and a total HO production rate of 1872 mmol g h over metal-free electrodes were accomplished in a membrane-free flow cell.

Bone complications of cancer treatment.

With the advancements in conventional treatment modalities such as radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, as well as the emergence of immunotherapy, the overall cure rate for solid tumor malignancies has experienced a significant increase. However, it is unfortunate that exposure to cancer treatments can have detrimental effects on the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, disturbing bone metabolic homeostasis in patients, as well as causing damage to bone marrow cells and other bone tissues. Consequently, certain tumor treatment options may pose a risk for subsequent bone diseases.

Natural Product-Inspired Discovery of Naphthoquinone-Furo-Piperidine Derivatives as Novel STAT3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and STAT3 has emerged as an effective drug target for TNBC treatment. Herein, we employed a scaffold-hopping strategy of natural products to develop a series of naphthoquinone-furopiperidine derivatives as novel STAT3 inhibitors. The assay showed that compound possessed higher antiproliferative activity than Cryptotanshinone and Napabucasin against TNBC cell lines, along with lower toxicity and potent antitumor activity in a TNBC xenograft model.

Enhancing neural operator learning with invariants to simultaneously learn various physical mechanisms.

We discuss the recent advancement in PDE learning, focusing on Physics Invariant Attention Neural Operator (PIANO). PIANO is a novel neural operator learning framework for deciphering and integrating physical knowledge from PDEs sampled from multi- physical scenarios.

VEGFR2 blockade inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis.

Background: Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor linked to significant angiogenesis and poor prognosis. Anti-angiogenic therapies with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibition have been investigated as an alternative glioblastoma treatment. However, little is known about the effect of VEGFR2 blockade on glioblastoma cells per se.

A multicomponent reaction for modular assembly of indole-fused heterocycles.

Indoles are privileged chemical entities in natural products and drug discovery. Indole-fused heterocycles, particularly seven-membered ones, have received increasing attention due to their distinctive chemical characteristics and wide spectrum of bioactivities. However, the synthetic access to these compounds is highly limited.

Atomic Valence Reversal-Induced Polarization Resonance Spurs Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in α-FeO@Carbon Microtubes.

Variegation and complexity of polarization relaxation loss in many heterostructured materials provide available mechanisms to seek a strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. Here we construct a unique heterostructured compound that bonds α-FeO nanosheets of the (110) plane on carbon microtubes (CMTs). Through effective alignment between the Fermi energy level of CMTs and the conduction band position of α-FeO nanosheets at the interface, we attain substantial polarization relaxation loss via novel atomic valence reversal between Fe(III) ↔ Fe(III) induced with periodic electron injection from conductive CMTs under EMW irradiation to give α-FeO nanosheets.

Preparation of Sweet Potato Porous Starch by Marine Dextranase and Its Adsorption Characteristics.

Dextranase (EC 3.2.1.

Subtle variation in sepsis-III definitions markedly influences predictive performance within and across methods.

Early detection of sepsis is key to ensure timely clinical intervention. Since very few end-to-end pipelines are publicly available, fair comparisons between methodologies are difficult if not impossible. Progress is further limited by discrepancies in the reconstruction of sepsis onset time.

Effects of electric field and light on resistivity switching of EuSrMnO thin films.

Based on the excellent piezoelectric properties of 0.7Pb(MgNb)O-0.3PbTiO (PMN-PT) single crystals, a hole-doped manganite film/PMN-PT heterostructure has been constructed to achieve electric-field and light co-control of physical properties.