The pro-cancer and immunosuppressive activity of macrophage-transformed cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), exhibit heterogeneity, and macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) has been demonstrated to be one of the origins of CAFs. However, the existence and functional features of MMT cells (MMTs) relative to general CAFs in tumors, especially in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), have not been fully revealed.

Objectives: This study is intended to understand the origin and functional features of MMT and the underlying mechanisms of its formation and functionality.

TaHSP18.6 and TaSRT1 interact to confer resistance to crown rot by regulating the auxin content in common wheat.

crown rot (FCR) is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases in common wheat and has caused major wheat yield losses worldwide. Here, we identified an 18.6 kDa heat shock protein gene () through combining a transcriptome analysis and a genome-wide association study.

Cytoskeletal signaling as a shared pathway for convergent genetic mechanisms underlying loss of flight in birds.

Loss of flight in birds is an adaptive feature of evolutionary processes. Morphological and physiological differences are known among flightless bird species; however, the genetic mechanisms behind them are largely unexplored. Notably, wild birds and poultry that have lost flight owing to evolution and domestication, respectively, show phenotypic convergence, suggesting that different selective pressures through the same genetic pathways may cause loss of flight in birds; however, little is known about the genetic basis of this potential commonality.

Developing a Rate Law for Ce(III) Oxidation by Manganese Oxides.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical minerals that are indispensable for clean energy technologies. Understanding REE occurrence and transport in natural environments is important for the prediction and identification of REE resources. Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth element that exhibits multiple oxidation states.

Emissions characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, water-soluble heavy metals, and oxidative potential from indoor non-energy combustion sources.

Indoor non-energy combustion, whose primary purpose is not to generate energy, is a major source of indoor particulate matter. This study analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), water-soluble heavy metals (HMs), and dithiothreitol-based oxidative potential (OP) in total particulate matter (TPM) from incense coils, mosquito coils, moxa, joss paper, joss sticks, candles, and cigarettes. HMs derived from combustibles, while PAHs originated from incomplete combustion.

Synthesis of Epimino-Bridged Fullerene-Fused Tetrahydroazepines via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of [60]Fullerene with in Situ Generated Azomethine Ylides.

A series of unique epimino-bridged fullerene-fused tetrahydroazepine derivatives were synthesized in moderate to good yields by the simple one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with primary amines in the presence of -(3-bromopropyl)phthalimide with the addition of Pb(OAc)(OH) and (CH)COK. The current protocol for the preparation of epimino-bridged fullerene bicyclic compounds via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy has never been reported previously. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed to elucidate the generation of the obtained products based on control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Adverse events associated with four atypical antipsychotics used as augmentation treatment for major depressive disorder: A pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.

Background: There is insufficient understanding of the long-term studies on adverse events (ADEs) in major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), risks in patients with different psychiatric disorders, and differences between male and female patients.

Methods: This study retrieved ADE reports for aripiprazole, quetiapine XR, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for the time periods of FDA approval for MDD in the first quarter (Q1) of 2007, the Q1 of 2009, the Q1 of 2015, and the Q1 of 2022 respectively to the Q1 of 2024. Four algorithms (ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS) assessed ADE signals.

Cognitive impairment and vulnerability of cholinergic brain network in the Alzheimer's continuum: free-water imaging based on diffusion tensor imaging.

Background: Increased extracellular free water (FW) is considered to provide better pathophysiological information than conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics. The cholinergic brain network is a key hub for cognitive function, and microstructural changes detected by free water imaging in this system may be associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific impact of FW changes in the cholinergic brain network on cognitive domains across the AD continuum and their diagnostic value remain unclear.

Development of a chitosanase 3-like protein 1 assay kit and study of its application in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: The detection kit for plasma Chitinase-3-like Protein 1 was developed using the magnetic bead chemiluminescence method, in order to investigate the diagnostic value of DD, FDP, CHI3L1, AFP-L3 and PIVKA-II in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Method: The CHI3L1 detection kit was developed using the chemiluminescence method. The luminescence value obtained from the chemiluminescence analyzer was utilized for sensitive detection of CHI3L1, and the performance of the kit was evaluated accordingly.

INHBA macrophages and Pro-inflammatory CAFs are associated with distinctive immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in submucous Fibrosis-Derived oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of tumor cells and stromal cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived from oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) (ODSCC) have been reported. However, the complex intercellular regulatory network within the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TISME) in ODSCC remains poorly elucidated. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) data from GEO database and multiple immunofluorescence staining (mIF) to reveal distinctive TISME of ODSCC.

Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles Mitigate Salt Stress in Soybean: Comprehensive Insights of Physiological, Metabolomic, and Microbiome Responses.

Silica nanoparticles (SiO NPs) have potential for mitigating salt stress in crops; however, the effects of surface modifications in enhancing their effectiveness remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of pristine and functionalized SiO NPs (SiO-NH and SiO-COOH) on soybean growth, root metabolism, and microbiome dynamics under 200 mM NaCl stress. All SiO NPs treatments significantly reduced Na/K, with SiO-COOH NPs showing the greatest efficacy, reducing by 46.

Chronic stress-induced cholesterol metabolism abnormalities promote ESCC tumorigenesis and predict neoadjuvant therapy response.

Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic stress can enhance the development of multiple human diseases, including cancer. However, the role of chronic stress in esophageal carcinogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study uncovered that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism significantly promotes esophageal carcinogenesis under chronic stress conditions.

Utilizing MOFs Melt-Foaming to Design Functionalized Carbon Foams for 100% Deep-Discharge and Ultrahigh Capacity Sodium Metal Anodes.

Meltable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer significant accessibility to chemistry and moldability for developing carbon-based materials. However, the scarcity of low melting point MOFs poses challenges for related design. Here, we propose a MOFs melt-foaming strategy toward Ni single atoms/quantum dots-functionalized carbon foams (NiSA/QD@CFs).

Targeting Galectin-1 Overcomes Paclitaxel Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Resistance to paclitaxel poses a major obstacle in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying paclitaxel resistance could help identify prognostic biomarkers and improved therapeutic strategies. In this study, we established a patient-derived xenograft model of acquired paclitaxel resistance and used RNA sequencing to identify galectin-1, encoded by LGALS1, as a key mediator of resistance.

Role of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in CH fluxes from rice paddies under elevated CO concentration and elevated temperature.

The differential responses of methanogenesis and methanotrophy to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO]) (e[CO]) and elevated temperature ([T]) (e[T]) may lead to dramatic changes in the response of CH emissions from rice paddies to global warming. In this study, we systematically investigated the responses and mechanisms of CH flux from rice paddies to e[CO] and e[T] based on the production and oxidation of CH. The CH flux, soil properties, and soil methanogenesis and methanotrophy were observed under CK (ambient [CO] + ambient [T]), EC (e[CO] by 200 μmol mol + ambient [T]), ET (ambient [CO] + e[T] by 2 °C), and ECT (e[CO] by 200 μmol mol + e[T] by 2 °C) treatments.

MCM8 interacts with DDX5 to promote R-loop resolution.

MCM8 has emerged as a core gene in reproductive aging and is crucial for meiotic homologous recombination repair. It also safeguards genome stability by coordinating the replication stress response during mitosis, but its function in mitotic germ cells remains elusive. Here we found that disabling MCM8 in mice resulted in proliferation defects of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and ultimately impaired fertility.

Organic Ligand-Mediated Dissolution and Fractionation of Rare-Earth Elements (REEs) from Carbonate and Phosphate Minerals.

Global efforts to build a net-zero economy and the irreplaceable roles of rare-earth elements (REEs) in low-carbon technologies urge the understanding of REE occurrence in natural deposits, discovery of alternative REE resources, and development of green extraction technologies. Advancement in these directions requires comprehensive knowledge on geochemical behaviors of REEs in the presence of naturally prevalent organic ligands, yet much remains unknown about organic ligand-mediated REE mobilization/fractionation and related mechanisms. Herein, we investigated REE mobilization from representative host minerals induced by three representative organic ligands: oxalate, citrate, and the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB).

Capsaicin enhances cisplatin-induced anti-metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting EMT and ERK signaling via serpin family B member 2.

Cisplatin (DDP)-based combined chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but needs improvement due to its severe side effects. Capsaicin (CAP) can enhance the anti-tumor activity of cytotoxic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-metastasis activity of CAP in combination with DDP in NPC.

Interplay Between TGF-β Signaling and MicroRNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

In diabetic patients, concomitant cardiovascular disease is the main factor contributing to their morbidity and mortality. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a form of cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes that can result in heart failure. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms play a crucial role in heart remodeling and repair and are elevated and activated in myocardial disorders.

Sulforaphene suppresses oesophageal cancer growth through mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 2 in a PDX mouse model.

Background: Although sulforaphene has potential anticancer effects, little is known about its effect on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) invasiveness.

Methods: To investigate whether sulforaphene inhibits the growth of oesophageal cancer cells, MTT and anchorage-independent cell growth assays were performed. Global changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome of oesophageal cancer cells after sulforaphene treatment were analysed by mass spectrometry (MS), and the underlying molecular mechanism was further verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Characteristics of Chaotic Weak Reflection in Carbonate Fracture-Cavity Reservoirs: A Case Study of Ordovician Reservoirs in Block 10 of the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, China.

The identification of carbonate reservoirs is a critical task in oil and gas exploration. Chaotic weak reflection is an important type of reflection characteristic in carbonate reservoirs. Widespread distribution of chaotic weak reflection has been observed in the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the Tahe area.

FAAP100 is required for the resolution of transcription-replication conflicts in primordial germ cells.

Background: The maintenance of genome stability in primordial germ cells (PGCs) is crucial for the faithful transmission of genetic information and the establishment of reproductive reserve. Numerous studies in recent decades have linked the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway with fertility, particularly PGC development. However, the role of FAAP100, an essential component of the FA core complex, in germ cell development is unexplored.