CREB-mediated sensing of bacterial membrane vesicles unveils a conserved host defense pathway.

Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are critical mediators of virulence factor delivery and intercellular communication, yet the mechanisms by which hosts detect and respond to these vesicles remain poorly characterized. Through transcriptional profiling, we found that MVs derived from the non-lethal pathogenic Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15 (Ecc15) robustly induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and systemically upregulate Jon genes-a family of immune-related genes-in the Drosophila intestine 24 h post-infection. Strikingly, these effects contrast with transcriptional changes observed upon gut-specific overexpression of CRTC, the coactivator of the conserved transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).

ZFM820 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammation via Biofilm Formation and Metabolic Reprogramming.

Emerging evidence implicates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) embedded in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria as a key mediator of intestinal inflammation. A preliminary study found that a potent strain named ZFM820 showed remarkable antibacterial activity against LPS-producing compared to other lactic acid bacteria through an unexplored mechanism. This study systematically investigated the anti-LPS phenotypes, responsive factors, and mechanism of ZFM820.

Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate, compound betamethasone, and ropivacaine combined with arthroscopic debridement in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate (SH), compound betamethasone (BT), and ropivacaine (Rop) in combination with arthroscopic debridement (AD) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 107 KOA patients treated at Shantou Central Hospital l, including 52 patients in the control group who received AD alone and 55 patients in the observation group who additionally received intra-articular SH, compound BT, and Rop. Treatment efficacy, pain levels, knee joint function, lower limb motor function, serum inflammatory markers, quality of life, and sleep quality were assessed and compared between the two groups.

Comparative proteomics and metabolomics unveil regional variations in Dendrobium officinale.

Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) is a well-known medicinal plant in China with a variety of pharmacological uses. Although D.

Plant ZIP transporter: functional analysis on metal uptake, transport, and homeostasis.

The zinc-regulated transporters and iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIP) represent a significant class of cation transport proteins in living organisms. They play a pivotal role in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of cations during metabolic processes and in the development of the organism. Therefore, it is imperative to characterize comprehensively ZIP transporters and their functional divergence among phylogenetically diverse plant species under specific metal stress conditions.

Restoring calcium crosstalk between ER and mitochondria promotes intestinal stem cell rejuvenation through autophagy in aged Drosophila.

Breakdown of calcium network is closely associated with cellular aging. Previously, we found that cytosolic calcium (CytoCa) levels were elevated while mitochondrial calcium (MitoCa) levels were decreased and associated with metabolic shift in aged intestinal stem cells (ISCs) of Drosophila. How MitoCa was decoupled from the intracellular calcium network and whether the reduction of MitoCa drives ISC aging, however, remains unresolved.

Exceptional kinetics of heavy metals adsorption from wastewater through tannic-mediated nano-hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) encapsulated within mesoporous carbon.

Conventional immobilization techniques for nanosized metal oxides frequently result in nanoparticle aggregation within the carrier matrix pores, causing severe pore blockage and compromised mass transfer efficiency. A novel hydrous zirconium oxide-based nanocomposite (denoted as Zr@CMK-3) was successfully synthesized by leveraging ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) as a structural scaffold, pre-functionalized with a highly negatively charged tannic acid-zirconium (TA-Zr) macromolecular network. Adsorption kinetics evaluation revealed that 85.

Application of proteomics in investigating the responses of plant to abiotic stresses.

This review summarizes the application of proteomic techniques in investigating the responses of plant to abiotic stresses. In the natural environment, the plants are exposed to a diverse range of adverse abiotic factors that significantly impact their growth and development. The plants have evolved intricate stress response mechanisms at the genetic, protein, metabolic, and phenotypic levels to mitigate damage caused by unfavorable conditions.

Microemulsion-based drug delivery system identifies pepper alkaloids as anti-obesity compounds.

Obesity is a significant contributor to various metabolic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Due to the adverse effects of synthetic anti-obesity drugs, natural products from functional food plants, which mimic the effects of synthetic chemicals, present promising alternatives. However, many natural plant-derived compounds are poorly soluble in water, resulting in low bioavailability within the gastrointestinal tract, a key limitation for the effectiveness of many hydrophobic substances.

Enhancer RNA Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Reveals a Distinctive Class of Pan-Cancer Susceptibility eRNAs.

Many cancer risk variants are located within enhancer regions and lack sufficient molecular interpretation. Here, we constructed the first comprehensive atlas of enhancer RNA (eRNA)-mediated genetic effects from 28 033 RNA sequencing samples across 11 606 individuals, identifying 21 073 eRNA quantitative trait loci (eRNA-QTLs) significantly associated with eRNA expression. Mechanistically, eRNA-QTLs frequently altered binding motifs of transcription factors.

Comprehensive analysis of class III peroxidase genes revealed PePRX2 enhanced lignin biosynthesis and drought tolerance in Phyllostachys edulis.

Class III peroxidase (PRX) is the key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis and critical for maintaining the redox balance in plants to respond to stress. In moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), a globally significant non-timber forestry species, the potential roles of PRX genes remain largely unknown. In this research, a total of 179 PePRXs was identified on a genome-wide scale in moso bamboo.

Impact of rare non-coding variants on human diseases through alternative polyadenylation outliers.

Although rare non-coding variants (RVs) play crucial roles in complex traits and diseases, understanding their mechanisms and identifying disease-associated RVs continue to be major challenges. Here we constructed a comprehensive atlas of alternative polyadenylation (APA) outliers (aOutliers), including 1334 3' UTR and 200 intronic aOutliers, from 15,201 samples across 49 human tissues. These aOutliers exhibit unique characteristics from transcription or splicing outliers, with a pronounced RV enrichment.

Analysis of the correlation between the serum triglyceride glucose index and the risk of death in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have increased insulin resistance (IR). The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a marker of IR and is associated with the prognosis of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of death in patients on MHD.

Raman Spectral Feature Enhancement Framework for Complex Multiclassification Tasks.

Raman spectroscopy enables label-free clinical diagnosis in a single step. However, identifying an individual carrying a specific disease from people with a multi-disease background is challenging. To address this, we developed a Raman spectral implicit feature augmentation with a Raman Intersection, Union, and Subtraction augmentation strategy (RIUS).

The Potential Role of in Secondary Cell Wall Formation in Moso Bamboo.

Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) play a pivotal role in the assembly and stabilization of microtubules, which are essential for plant cell growth, development, and morphogenesis. A class of plant-specific MAPs, MAP65, plays largely unexplored roles in moso bamboo (). This study identified 19 genes in moso bamboo, systematically examining their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, collinearity, and -acting elements.

Optimization design of hydrocyclone with overflow slit structure based on experimental investigation and numerical simulation analysis.

This study aims to address the issue of high energy consumption in the hydrocyclone separation process. By introducing a novel slotted overflow pipe structure and utilizing experimental and response surface optimization methods, the optimal parameters were determined. The research results indicate that the number of slots, slot angles, and positioning dimensions significantly influence the performance of the hydrocyclone separator.

Bibliometric analysis of vitamin D and obesity research over the period 2000 to 2023.

Background: Globally, the incidence rates of obesity and its related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, are continuously rising, posing a significant public health challenge. Studies have indicated a potential correlation between vitamin D deficiency and obesity. However, a quantitative analysis of the studies related vitamin D and obesity is lacking.

Gut microbiota metabolite tyramine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance via increased Ca signaling.

The gut microbiota and their metabolites are closely linked to obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, but their causal relationship and underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we found that dysbiosis-induced tyramine (TA) suppresses high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated insulin resistance in both Drosophila and mice. In Drosophila, HFD increases cytosolic Ca signaling in enterocytes, which, in turn, suppresses intestinal lipid levels.

Estimation of invasive coronary perfusion pressure using electrocardiogram and Photoplethysmography in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.

Background: Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) indicates spontaneous return of circulation and is recommended for high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to investigate a method for non-invasive estimation of CPP using electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) during CPR.

Methods: Nine pigs were used in this study.

[Advances in the Effects of Microplastics on Soil NO Emissions and Nitrogen Transformation].

Research on microplastics (MPs) is gaining more attention in the soil environment, but their impact on soil microbiota and related nitrogen processes remains poorly understood. Nitrous oxide (NO) is one of the important greenhouse gases of the nitrogen cycle in agricultural soil, which mainly originates from microbial-mediated nitrogen (N) transformation processes. Microplastics can influence soil nitrogen transformation, as well as nitrogen-related functional enzymes and genes, and its enrichment may profoundly affect the NO emissions in soil.

A new and highly efficient CuMOF-based nanoenzyme and its application to the aptamer SERS/FL/RRS/Abs quadruple-mode analysis of ultratrace malachite green.

Malachite green (MG) is highly toxic, persistent, and carcinogenic, and its widespread use is a danger to the ecosystem and a threat to public health and food safety, making it necessary to develop new sensitive multimode molecular spectroscopy methods. In this work, a new copper-based nanomaterial (CuNM) was prepared by a high-temperature roasting using a copper metal-organic framework (CuMOF) as precursor. The as-prepared CuNM was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface area analysis.

Rspo2 exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis by targeting aggressive phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and disrupting chondrocyte homeostasis via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Background: The aggressive phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) has been identified as a contributing factor to the exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through the promotion of synovitis and cartilage damage. Regrettably, there is currently no effective therapeutic intervention available to address this issue. Recent research has shed light on the crucial regulatory role of R-spondin-2 (Rspo2) in cellular proliferation, cartilage degradation, and tumorigenesis.

Electrical-mechanical dynamical coupling between electrocardiographic and photoplethysmographic signals during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background And Objective: Cardiac arrest (CA) remains a significant cause of death and disability. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve the survival rate of CA. A challenging issue is to find physiological indicators for screening and evaluating the cardiovascular function associated with CPR.