Surface engineering of cellulose microspheres via amyloid-like protein aggregation for bilirubin removal.

Hemoperfusion is one of the most effective blood purification techniques to quickly remove bilirubin from the blood of patients with kidney or liver failure. Although numerous adsorbent materials with high adsorption capacity have been developed, their clinical application are still limited due to poor biocompatibility and biosafety issues. Herein, biocompatible core-shell structured adsorbents with cellulose microspheres (CMs) as the supporting core and phase-transformed lysozyme (PTL) as the functional shell are fabricated for the removal of bilirubin in hemoperfusion.

Engineering a biocompatible chitosan/MOF aerogel for hyperbilirubinemia treatment in liver failure.

Liver failure, marked by a rapid or progressive decline in liver function, leads to complications such as hyperbilirubinemia and infections, contributing to approximately 2 million global deaths each year. Current hemoperfusion methods for hyperbilirubinemia treatment are limited by their low adsorption selectivity and inadequate biosafety, necessitating better treatments. In this study, a chitosan-based HKUST-1 aerogel (HC) was developed as a highly selective, biosafe, and antibacterial adsorbent.

Progress in chitin/chitosan and their derivatives for biomedical applications: Where we stand.

Chitin and its deacetylated form, chitosan, have demonstrated remarkable versatility in the realm of biomaterials. Their exceptional biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, pro- and anticoagulant characteristics, robust antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potential make them highly sought-after in various applications. This review delves into the mechanisms underlying chitin/chitosan's biological activity and provides a comprehensive overview of their derivatives in fields such as tissue engineering, hemostasis, wound healing, drug delivery, and hemoperfusion.

Highly Soft, Abrasion-Resistant, and Moisture-Absorbent Wool/PA56 Blended Yarns for Seating Fabrics.

Biobased nylon (PA56) not only has the same physical properties as nylon (PA6/PA66) but its production method is also more environmentally friendly. PA56 fabric has the advantages of moisture absorption, perspiration, high-temperature resistance, and flexibility, which have been widely studied by scientific researchers. Wool has the advantages of beauty, environmental protection, and anti-wrinkle.

Hemoperfusion Adsorbents for Removal of Common Toxins in Liver and Kidney Failure: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Prospects.

Liver and kidney failure can lead to extensive accumulation of toxic metabolites in the blood and tissues, such as bilirubin, blood ammonia, endotoxins, cytokines, creatinine, uric acid, and urea, which aggravate the progression of the disease. Hemoperfusion can effectively adsorb and remove toxins from the blood and treat liver and kidney failure. However, the adsorption efficiency and safety of traditional hemoperfusion adsorbents are not ideal.

Interfacial assembly of chitin/MnO composite hydrogels as photothermal antibacterial platform for infected wound healing.

To combat bacteria and even biofilm infections, developing alternative antibacterial wound dressings independent of antibiotics is imperative. Herein, this study developed a series of bioactive chitin/MnO composite hydrogels under mild conditions for infected wound healing application. The in situ synthesized MnO NPs homogeneously distribute throughout chitin networks and strongly interact with chitin matrix, and as well as endow the chitin/MnO hydrogels with NIR-assisted outstanding photothermal antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.

Polysaccharides based rapid self-crosslinking and wet tissue adhesive hemostatic powders for effective hemostasis.

Hemostatic powders with flexible shape are widely used for the noncompressible and inaccessible hemorrhage wounds. However, current hemostatic powders display poor wet tissue adhesion and fragile mechanical strength of the powder-supported blood clots, leading to compromised hemostasis efficacy. Herein, a bi-component of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and aldehyde-modified hyaluronic acid grafted with catechol groups (COHA) was designed.

A novel ameliorated rat model of reversible obstructive jaundice.

Obstructive jaundice is a common clinical symptom generally caused by bile duct stones, inflammatory hyperplasia, and tumors. It is characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and may trigger a variety of complications such as hypotension, kidney injury, endotoxemia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and even death (Pavlidis and Pavlidis, 2018; Liu et al., 2021).

High-strength, antibacterial, antioxidant, hemostatic, and biocompatible chitin/PEGDE-tannic acid hydrogels for wound healing.

Natural polymer hydrogels are widely used in various aspects of biomedical engineering, such as wound repair, owing to their abundance and biosafety. However, the low strength and the lack of function restricted their development and application scope. Herein, we fabricated novel multifunctional chitin/PEGDE-tannic acid (CPT) hydrogels through chemical- and physical-crosslinking strategies, using chitin as the base material, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) and tannic acid (TA) as crosslinking agents, and 90 % ethanol as the regenerative bath.

Synthesis and evaluation of water-soluble imidazolium salt chitin with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and excellent biocompatibility for infected wound healing.

Infections caused by bacteria have long constituted a major threat to human health and the economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design broad-spectrum antibacterial materials possessing good biocompatibility to treat such infections. Herein, inspired by the good biocompatibility of chitin and antibacterial properties of imidazolium salts, a polysaccharide-based material, imidazolium salt chitin (IMSC), was homogeneously prepared using a facile method with epichlorohydrin as a chemical crosslinker to combine chitin with imidazole to enhance Staphylococcus aureus (S.

Biocompatible and biodegradable chitin-based hydrogels crosslinked by BDDE with excellent mechanical properties for effective prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesion.

Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are common complications caused by abdominal and pelvic surgery, which seriously impact the quality of life of patients and impose additional financial burdens. Using of biomedical materials as physical barriers to completely isolate the traumatic organ and injured tissue is an optimal strategy for preventing postoperative adhesions. However, the limited efficacy and difficulties in the complete degradation or integration of biomedical materials with living tissues restrict the application of these materials.

Preparation and properties of chitin/silk fibroin biocompatible composite fibers.

In the present world chitin is used enormously in various fields, such as biopharmaceuticals, medical and clinical bioproducts, food packaging, etc. However, its development has been curbed by the impaired performance and cumbersome dissolution process when chitin materials are dissolved and regenerated by physical or chemical methods. To further obtain the regenerated chitin fiber material with improved performance, silk fibroin was introduced into the chitin matrix material, and chitin/silk fibroin biocompatible composite fibers were obtained by formic acid/calcium chloride/ethanol ternary system and top-down wet spinning technology.

Rational design of silver NPs-incorporated quaternized chitin nanomicelle with combinational antibacterial capability for infected wound healing.

Bacterial and biofilm infections are prevalent, photothermal antibacterial therapy exploiting Ag NPs was an alternative. However, various matrix materials including polysaccharides used to stabilize Ag NPs are not efficiently utilized. In this study, catechol functionalized quaternized chitin (DQC) is first synthesized, then Ag is in situ reduced to small Ag NPs stabilized and well-dispersed by DQC to form Ag NPs-incorporated quaternized chitin (DQCA) nanomicelle in a green and simple way.

Facile fabrication of chitin/ZnO composite hydrogels for infected wound healing.

When ordinary wounds are infected, the skin's self-healing capacity declines; thus appropriate dressings with both antibacterial ability and healing ability for bacteria-associated wounds are indispensable. In this work, multifunctional chitin/ZnO composite hydrogels have been designed as an infected full-thickness skin wound-healing material. The hydrogels are fabricated by a facile one-pot strategy through the sequential addition of commercial ZnO powders into aqueous alkaline chitin solutions, crosslinking and regeneration.

Chitin-glucan composite sponge hemostat with rapid shape-memory from Pleurotus eryngii for puncture wound.

Efficient hemostasis is a great challenge for treating the inaccessible hemorrhage wounds. A novel shape-memory chitin-glucan hemostatic sponge (ATC-Sponge) is constructed via sequentially in-situ removal of protein and glucan from Pleurotus eryngii fruiting body, TEMPO oxidation and Ca crosslinking. The sponge displays interconnected microporous structure with high water absorption and robust mechanical properties.

Antibacterial and antioxidant chitosan nanoparticles improve the preservation effect for donor kidneys in vitro.

Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is a preferable measure to preserve kidneys from donation after cardiac death (DCD), while the current standard perfusate is imperfect. We synthesized amphiphilic chitosan, N-alkylated-O-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (N-alkyl-O-HTCC) as additive in the perfusate, which can self-assembly into micelles in water (size 133 ± 8.48 nm) (ζ-potential 43.

Biocompatible Composite Microspheres of Chitin/Ordered Mesoporous Carbon CMK3 for Bilirubin Adsorption and Cell Microcarrier Culture.

Extra bilirubin in the blood can provoke serious illness in patients with severe liver disease. Hemoperfusion is an effective method to remove the extra bilirubin, but its application is limited by the low adsorption efficiency and poor biocompatibility of available adsorbent materials. In this study, chitin/ordered mesoporous carbon CMK3 (Ch/CMK3) microspheres are successfully prepared.

Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Activation of C/EBP Homologous Protein in Aortic Regurgitation-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Mice.

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a volume overload disease causing eccentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. There is currently no approved drug to treat patients with AR. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis is involved in many cardiovascular diseases, but whether they also participate in AR-induced heart failure is still elusive.

Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable KH560 crosslinked chitin hydrogels with high toughness and good biocompatibility.

Chitin hydrogels have multiple advantages of nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer network structure similar to the macromolecular biological tissue. However, the mechanical strength of chitin hydrogels is relatively weak. Construction of chitin hydrogels with high mechanical strength and good biocompatibility is essential for the successful applications in biomedical field.

Versatile synthesis, characterization and properties of β-chitin derivatives from aqueous KOH/urea solution.

Chitin is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide with biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. Homogeneous modification of chitin is an efficient way to improve or to impart new properties to chitin. Here, amide-modified β-chitin (AMC), hydroxyethyl β-chitin (HEC), and hydroxybutyl β-chitin (HBC) through Michael addition, Williamson reaction, and ring-opening addition, were homogeneously synthesized from aqueous KOH/urea solution, respectively, with controlled structures and uniform properties.

Highly Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Fabrication of Robust, Programmable, and Biocompatible Anisotropic, All-Cellulose, Wrinkle-Patterned Hydrogels for Cell Alignment.

Wrinkled hydrogels from biomass sources are potential structural biomaterials. However, for biorelated applications, engineering scalable, structure-customized, robust, and biocompatible wrinkled hydrogels with highly oriented nanostructures and controllable intervals is still a challenge. A scalable biomass material, namely cellulose, is reported for customizing anisotropic, all-cellulose, wrinkle-patterned hydrogels (AWHs) through an ultrafast, auxiliary force, acid-induced gradient dual-crosslinking strategy.

Robust and thermoplastic hydrogels with surface micro-patterns for highly oriented growth of osteoblasts.

Biocompatible hydrogels with high strength, high precision patterns, and arbitrary 3D shapes are extremely desired soft platforms in the biomedicine fields. On the basis of the thermal-reversible sol-gel transition of agarose and the formation of nanofibers below 35 °C, a robust and thermoplastic hydrogel (TPG) was fabricated by in situ polymerization of acrylamide in the agarose matrix. The tensile fracture stress/strain values of the TPG were unexpectedly higher than those of both agarose and polyacrylamide hydrogels as a result of the double networks reinforced with nanofibers.

High-Strength Films Consisted of Oriented Chitosan Nanofibers for Guiding Cell Growth.

Chitosan has biocompatibility and biodegradability; however, the practical use of the bulk chitosan materials is hampered by its poor strength, which can not satisfy the mechanical property requirement of organs. Thus, the construction of highly strong chitosan-based materials has attracted much attention. Herein, the high strength nanofibrous hydrogels and films (CS-E) were fabricated from the chitosan solution in LiOH/KOH/urea aqueous system via a mild regenerating process.