Semiconductive optoelectronic refractive index sensors with on-chip electrical readout.

We propose an integrated optoelectronic platform based on paired semiconducting nanostructures, which features a photonic-electronic co-design where the semiconducting nanostructures serve dual purposes: enabling refractive index (RI)-sensitive optical resonance while facilitating efficient near-field optoelectronic conversion through photoconducting effect. Importantly, unlike conventional single-sensor designs, our on-chip approach implements multi-dimensional extraction through a response matrix for RI-resolved measurements. By maximizing the response matrix determinant and optoelectronic RI sensitivity, we achieve an RI detection limit of 1 × 10 RIU/Hz.

Experimental study of dosimetric properties of radiophotoluminescent glass dosemeters using high-energy X-rays.

This study evaluates the dosimetric performance of GD-302M radiophotoluminescent glass dosemeters (RPLGDs) under high-energy X-rays (6-15 MV) as a potential alternative to thermoluminescent dosemeters for radiotherapy audits in China. Key properties-dose linearity, uniformity, reproducibility, energy response, fading, build-up effects, and signal depletion-were systematically assessed using a medical linear accelerator under reference conditions. The results demonstrated excellent dose linearity (R2 = 0.

Reward-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity in van der Waals ferroelectric memtransistor for robotic recognition and tracking.

Reward-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity (R-STDP) is a promising biomimetic learning rule in neuromorphic intelligent systems for implementing tasks in variable environments. Nevertheless, realizing R-STDP in a single synaptic device for building compact and energy-efficient neuromorphic systems remains challenging. Here, we report a two-dimensional ferroelectric memtransistor to emulate the R-STDP learning rule by effectively reconfiguring the STDP and anti-STDP.

Optimization of an Antiviral Treatment Regimen for Immunological Nonresponders Through HIV-DNA Resistance Testing: A Case Report.

In August 2012, a 47-year-old male patient was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with no other underlying disease or opportunistic infection. Baseline measurements revealed an HIV RNA count of 79 400 copies/mL and a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 8 cells/μL. Despite successful viral suppression with HIV RNA levels remaining below the detectable threshold for 9 consecutive years following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy, the patient's CD4+ T lymphocyte count persistently remained below 200 cells/μL.

Optimizing calcium and magnesium in seawater medium with high bicarbonate concentration for efficient growth and self-flocculation harvesting of Chlorella sp.

Microalgae cultivation using high bicarbonate concentration in seawater medium triggers CaCO precipitation due to pH elevation, contaminating the photobioreactor and reduce biomass productivity. It is necessary to control Ca and Mg concentration in appropriate range to allow microalgae rapid growth without precipitation, followed by effective self-flocculation for harvesting. This study optimized this concentration range as 0.

Expression and role of CTHRC1 in inflammatory bowel disease in children.

Unlabelled: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, progressive, immune-mediated, gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with increasing occurrences in children. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), a migration-promoting protein, acts as a tumor-promoting factor in malignant tumors. However, functions and mechanisms of CTHRC1 in children with IBD remain unclear.

Single-Cell Multiomics Identifies Glycan Epitope LacNAc as a Potential Cell-Surface Effector Marker of Peripheral T Cells in Bladder Cancer Patients.

Cancer is a systemic disease continuously monitored and responded to by the human global immune system. Peripheral blood immune cells, integral to this surveillance, exhibit variable phenotypes during tumor progression. Glycosylation, as one of the most prevalent and significant post-translational modifications of proteins, plays a crucial role in immune system recognition and response.

Physical Reservoir Computing Using van der Waals Ferroelectrics for Acoustic Keyword Spotting.

Acoustic keyword spotting (KWS) plays a pivotal role in the voice-activated systems of artificial intelligence (AI), allowing for hands-free interactions between humans and smart devices through information retrieval of the voice commands. The cloud computing technology integrated with the artificial neural networks has been employed to execute the KWS tasks, which however suffers from propagation delay and the risk of privacy breach. Here, we report a single-node reservoir computing (RC) system based on the CuInPS (CIPS)/graphene heterostructure planar device for implementing the KWS task with low computation cost.

Identification of proteolytic bacteria from Yunnan fermented foods and their use to reduce the allergenicity of β-lactoglobulin.

Beta-lactoglobulin is considered to be the major allergenic protein in milk. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) possess a protein hydrolysis system that holds great promise for hydrolyzing β-LG and reducing its allergenicity. Therefore, this study aimed to screen LAB with β-LG hydrolysis activity from Yunnan traditional fermented foods.

Integrating Experimental and Computational Analyses of Yeast Protein Profiles for Optimizing the Production of High-Quality Microbial Proteins.

Microbial proteins represent a promising solution to address the escalating global demand for protein, particularly in regions with limited arable land. Yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are robust and safe protein-producing strains. However, the utilization of non-conventional yeast strains for microbial protein production has been hindered, partly due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of protein production traits.

Knowledge Graph Convolutional Network with Heuristic Search for Drug Repositioning.

Drug repositioning is a strategy of repurposing approved drugs for treating new indications, which can accelerate the drug discovery process, reduce development costs, and lower the safety risk. The advancement of biotechnology has significantly accelerated the speed and scale of biological data generation, offering significant potential for drug repositioning through biomedical knowledge graphs that integrate diverse entities and relations from various biomedical sources. To fully learn the semantic information and topological structure information from the biological knowledge graph, we propose a knowledge graph convolutional network with a heuristic search, named KGCNH, which can effectively utilize the diversity of entities and relationships in biological knowledge graphs, as well as topological structure information, to predict the associations between drugs and diseases.

Anisotropic Strain-Tailoring Nonlinear Optical Response in van der Waals NbOI.

Two-dimensional (2D) NbOI demonstrates significant second-harmonic generation (SHG) with a high conversion efficiency. To unlock its full potential in practical applications, it is desirable to modulate the SHG behavior while utilizing the intrinsic lattice anisotropy. Here, we demonstrate direction-specific modulation of the SHG response in NbOI by applying anisotropic strain with respect to the intrinsic lattice orientations, where more than 2-fold enhancement in the SHG intensity is achieved under strain along the polar axis.

Non-volatile rippled-assisted optoelectronic array for all-day motion detection and recognition.

In-sensor processing has the potential to reduce the energy consumption and hardware complexity of motion detection and recognition. However, the state-of-the-art all-in-one array integration technologies with simultaneous broadband spectrum image capture (sensory), image memory (storage) and image processing (computation) functions are still insufficient. Here, macroscale (2 × 2 mm) integration of a rippled-assisted optoelectronic array (18 × 18 pixels) for all-day motion detection and recognition.

Ultrahigh- Metasurface Transparency Band Induced by Collective-Collective Coupling.

The metasurface analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) provides a chip-scale platform for achieving light delay and storage, high factors, and greatly enhanced optical fields. However, the literature relies on the coupling between localized and localized or localized and collective resonances, limiting the factor and related performance. Here, we report a novel approach for realizing collective EIT-like bands with a measured factor reaching 2750 in silicon metasurfaces in the near-infrared regime, exceeding the state of the art by more than 5 times.

Factors that contribute to trait mindfulness level among hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder.

Mindfulness training among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) reduces symptoms, prevents relapse, improves prognosis, and is more efficient for those with a high level of trait mindfulness. Upon hospital admission, 126 MDD patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief, Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Rumination Response Scale (RRS). The 65 patients that scored less than the median of all subjects on the FFMQ were placed into the low mindfulness level (LML) group.

Artificial ovaries constructed from biodegradable chitin-based hydrogels with the ability to restore ovarian endocrine function and alleviate osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice.

Background: Artificial ovary (AO) is an alternative approach to provide physiological hormone to post-menopausal women. The therapeutic effects of AO constructed using alginate (ALG) hydrogels are limited by their low angiogenic potential, rigidity, and non-degradability. To address these limitations, biodegradable chitin-based (CTP) hydrogels that promote cell proliferation and vascularization were synthesized, as supportive matrix.

Short-term synaptic plasticity in emerging devices for neuromorphic computing.

Neuromorphic computing is a promising computing paradigm toward building next-generation artificial intelligence machines, in which diverse types of synaptic plasticity play an active role in information processing. Compared to long-term plasticity (LTP) forming the foundation of learning and memory, short-term plasticity (STP) is essential for critical computational functions. So far, the practical applications of LTP have been widely investigated, whereas the implementation of STP in hardware is still elusive.

High-strength, antibacterial, antioxidant, hemostatic, and biocompatible chitin/PEGDE-tannic acid hydrogels for wound healing.

Natural polymer hydrogels are widely used in various aspects of biomedical engineering, such as wound repair, owing to their abundance and biosafety. However, the low strength and the lack of function restricted their development and application scope. Herein, we fabricated novel multifunctional chitin/PEGDE-tannic acid (CPT) hydrogels through chemical- and physical-crosslinking strategies, using chitin as the base material, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) and tannic acid (TA) as crosslinking agents, and 90 % ethanol as the regenerative bath.

Ovarian tissue transplantation ameliorates osteoporosis and dyslipidaemia in ovariectomised mice.

Background: Ovarian insufficiency frequently renders postmenopausal women susceptible to osteoporosis and dyslipidaemia. Postmenopausal transplant women are at a higher risk developing osteoporosis and dyslipidaemia due to the concomitant application of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants after solid organ transplantation. Thus, this study aimed to explore the feasibility of ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) as an alternative to Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women with solid organ transplant needs.

Dual-band bound states in the continuum based on hybridization of surface lattice resonances.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel strategy to achieve dual-band symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs) in silicon metasurfaces. This strategy is based on the hybridization of Mie surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in periodic silicon bipartite nanodisk arrays, of which the central nanodisk displaced from the center of the unit cell. We show that dual-band electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole BICs can be supported in such a system, and transfer to quasi-BICs with ultrahigh measured quality factors up to 1240 at the Γ point.

Two dimensional semiconducting materials for ultimately scaled transistors.

Two dimensional (2D) semiconductors have been established as promising candidates to break through the short channel effect that existed in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET), owing to their unique atomically layered structure and dangling-bond-free surface. The last decade has witnessed the significant progress in the size scaling of 2D transistors by various approaches, in which the physical gate length of the transistors has shrank from micrometer to sub-one nanometer with superior performance, illustrating their potential as a replacement technology for Si MOSFETs. Here, we review state-of-the-art techniques to achieve ultra-scaled 2D transistors with novel configurations through the scaling of channel, gate, and contact length.

A Single Oral Immunization with Replication-Competent Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine Induces a Neutralizing Antibody Response in Mice against Canine Distemper Virus.

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a fatal and highly contagious pathogen of multiple carnivores. While injectable vaccines are very effective in protecting domestic animals, their use in the wild is unrealistic. Alternative vaccines are therefore needed.

Risk Factors for CSF/Plasma HIV-1 RNA Discordance in HIV-Infected Patients.

Background: Few large investigations have evaluated the association of cerebrospinal fluid/plasma (CSF/plasma) discordance with opportunistic neurological infections. We aimed to determine risk factors for CSF/plasma discordance to further assess whether CSF/plasma discordance is associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opportunistic neurological infections.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted based on HIV RNA viral load and associated risk factors in plasma and CSF samples from 491 HIV-infected patients.