An Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Early Neurological Deterioration Following Posttraumatic Acute Diffuse Brain Swelling.

Background: Diffuse brain swelling (DBS) significantly contributes to intracranial hypertension and poses a substantial risk of early neurological deterioration (END). This study aimed to develop and validate various machine learning (ML) models for predicting END in patients with traumatic DBS.

Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 208 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with traumatic DBS on admission (within 6 h after injury) at two centers.

Jugular foramen dural arteriovenous fistula: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Clinically, jugular foramen (JF) dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is rare, and treatment is even more difficult.

Patient Concerns: A 67-year-old woman with progressive left eye distension and visual acuity decline.

Diagnoses: A digital subtraction angiography examination revealed a JFDAVF, which showed the feeding artery is ascending pharyngeal artery, with retrograde flow through the inferior petrosal sinus into the ophthalmic vein.

Malignant transformation of pituitary adenoma to carcinosarcoma: illustrative case.

Background: Carcinosarcomatous transformation is a rare complication following radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas (PAs).

Observations: The authors report what they believe to be the first case of a benign nonfunctioning PA developing into a carcinosarcoma after surgery and radiotherapy.

Lessons: Radiotherapy for PAs should account for the risk of secondary intracranial tumors, with long-term follow-up recommended for treated patients.

Clinical characteristics and management of cerebral developmental venous anomalies accompanied with cavernous malformation.

Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are common cerebral vascular anomalies that are frequently accompanied by cavernous malformations (CM), with mixed research on whether DVAs increase or decrease the risk of CM bleeding. This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and management of DVAs accompanied by CMs. This study involved the clinical data of all patients with DVAs accompanied with CM from January 2013 to December 2023.

Low serum calcium promotes traumatic intracerebral hematoma expansion by the response of immune cell: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

To explore the potential role of serum calcium levels at admission in the expansion of acute traumatic intracerebral hematoma (tICH) and to construct a novel nomogram to predict tICH expansion. In this multicenter retrospective study, 640 and 237 patients were included in the training and validation datasets, respectively. Risk factors for acute tICH expansion were selected by logistic regression analysis.

Machine learning algorithms for predicting delayed hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for patients with pituitary adenoma.

This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models to predict the occurrence of delayed hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. We retrospectively collected clinical data on patients with pituitary adenomas treated with transsphenoidal surgery between January 2010 and December 2020. From January 2021 to December 2022, patients with pituitary adenomas were prospectively enrolled.

Diagnostic Value of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Intracranial Venous Thrombosis: A Multi-model Predictive Analysis.

Objective: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but significant condition, primarily affecting young adults, especially women. The diagnosis of CVT is challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), may aid in early diagnosis.

Predictors of growth hormone level on postoperative day one in patients with acromegaly.

Purpose: The growth hormone (GH) level on postoperative day one (POD1), i.e., POD1GH, holds significant value in assessing surgical efficacy and predicting long-term remission in patients with acromegaly.

Development and Validation of a Novel Classification System and Prognostic Model for Open Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Open traumatic brain injury (OTBI) is associated with high mortality and morbidity; however, the classification of these injuries and the determination of patient prognosis remain uncertain, hindering the selection of optimal treatment strategies. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel OTBI classification system and a prognostic model for poor prognosis.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with isolated OTBI who received treatment at three large medical centers in China between January 2020 and June 2022 as the training set.

Predictive modeling of arginine vasopressin deficiency after transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection by using multiple machine learning algorithms.

This study aimed to predict arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) following transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery using machine learning algorithms. We reviewed 452 cases from December 2013 to December 2023, analyzing clinical and imaging data. Key predictors of AVP-D included sex, tumor height, preoperative and postoperative changes in sellar diaphragm height and pituitary stalk length, preoperative ACTH levels, changes in ACTH levels, and preoperative cortisol levels.

Risk factor analysis and prediction model to establish recurrence or progression of non-functioning pituitary adenomas in men after transnasal sphenoidal surgery.

This paper aims to analyze the risk factors for the recurrence or progression of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) in male patients after transnasal sphenoidal surgery and to develop a predictive model for prognosis. Clinical and follow-up data of 126 male patients with NFPAs treated by transnasal sphenoidal surgery from January 2011 to January 2021 in Fuzhou 900th Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Lasso regression analysis was used to screen the best predictors, and the predictors were further screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram prediction model was constructed.

Assessment of cerebrovascular alterations induced by inflammatory response and oxidative-nitrative stress after traumatic intracranial hypertension and a potential mitigation strategy.

The rapid perfusion of cerebral arteries leads to a significant increase in intracranial blood volume, exposing patients with traumatic brain injury to the risk of diffuse brain swelling or malignant brain herniation during decompressive craniectomy. The microcirculation and venous system are also involved in this process, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. A physiological model of extremely high intracranial pressure was created in rats.

Adenomyosis Accompanied by Multiple Hemorrhagic Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report.

This study aims to present a case of uterine adenomyosis accompanied by multiple hemorrhagic cerebral infarctions (CIs), summarize therapeutic experiences based on the literature review, and improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of multiple hemorrhagic CIs. This paper describes a 46-year-old female with a four-year history of uterine adenomyosis complicated by multiple hemorrhagic CIs. During treatment, elevated levels of D-dimer, CA-125, and severe anemia were observed.

Analysis of MRI features and associated factors of the pituitary neuroendocrine tumor streaky sign.

Objectives: Observation of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with streaky sign on MRI, analysis of their features on imaging and further investigation of the relationship between the direction of the streak sign and the direction of optimal tumor expansion.

Methods: The MR images of 237 patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors were retrospectively analyzed. The streaky-like high signal with a substantial length of more than 10 mm and obvious enhancement on T1WI was defined as the streaky sign.

The Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis ameliorates neuroinflammation in hypothermic traumatic brain injury in mice by modulating phenotypic transformation of microglia.

The Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis is critically involved in treating several diseases; For example, Ang-(1-7) improves inflammatory response and neurological function after traumatic brain injury and inhibits post-inflammatory hypothermia. However, its function in traumatic brain injury (TBI) combined with seawater immersion hypothermia remains unclear. Here, we used a mice model of hypothermic TBI and a BV2 cell model of hypothermic inflammation to investigate whether the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis is involved in ameliorating hypothermic TBI.

Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of acute brain swelling associated with traumatic acute subdural hematoma: a retrospective study utilizing novel diagnostic criteria.

Background: Post-traumatic acute brain swelling (ABS) is a major cause of elevated intracranial pressure and thus mortality. The current definition of post-traumatic ABS has certain limitations, and there is limited information available regarding ABS associated with traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH).

Objectives: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of ABS associated with traumatic ASDH.

TAK-3 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats Through the TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway.

Purpose: The activation of the inflammatory response is regarded as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of TBI. Central nervous system infection often leads to the exacerbation of neuroinflammation following TBI, primarily caused by Gram-negative bacteria. This study aims to elucidate the effects of the novel anti-inflammatory drug TAK-3 on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in TBI rats.

The Effect of Dexamethasone on Neuroinflammation and Cerebral Edema in Rats With Traumatic Brain Injury Combined With Seawater Drowning.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of dexamethasone (DX) on axonal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) combined with seawater drowning (SWD) in rats.

Methods: To gain an in-depth understanding of TBI + SWD in rats, we established the compound injury model of rats by the Marmarou method and intratracheal pumping of seawater to simulate the pathological conditions. Rats in the DX group received intraperitoneal injections of DX (1 mg/kg) immediately after injury, and rats in the sham group and TBI + SWD group received intraperitoneal injections of the same amount of normal saline.

Predictive value of cyst/tumor volume ratio of pituitary adenoma for tumor cell proliferation.

Background: MRI has been widely used to predict the preoperative proliferative potential of pituitary adenoma (PA). However, the relationship between the cyst/tumor volume ratio (C/T ratio) and the proliferative potential of PA has not been reported. Herein, we determined the predictive value of the C/T ratio of PA for tumor cell proliferation.

MRI 3D SPACE T2WI for Pituitary Adenoma Cavernous Sinus Invasion Diagnosis.

Objective: This study aims to assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3D SPACE T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sequences in evaluating cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenomas.

Methods: Data were collected from patients who underwent continuous pituitary MRIexaminations at the Medical Imaging Center of our hospital from October 2019 to February 2021. Eligible cases were evaluated for sagittal and axial T1WI sequences, coronal 3D SPACE T2WI sequences, and sagittal and coronal enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) sequences using the INFINITT PACS workstation.