Navigating the lunar frontier: one hundred landing sites at the south pole for future mission challenges.

Despite humanity's many lunar missions to the equatorial and mid-latitude regions, the south pole remains uncharted because of its exceptionally harsh conditions. The quest for water ice and the drive to establish lunar bases have positioned the south pole area above 80° latitude, characterized by permanently shaded regions and conducive to water ice preservation. However, the daunting terrain and intricate illumination in this area present significant challenges to engineering safety.

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Novel RNase H2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

A thorough understanding of pharmacokinetics and metabolism is critical during early drug development. This study investigates the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile of R14, a novel compound, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro studies included Caco-2 permeability assays, metabolic stability evaluations in liver microsomes and hepatocytes, and identification of CYP isoforms responsible for R14 metabolism.

Biopharmaceutical Factors Involved in the Disposition of Mycophenolic Acid: A Comprehensive Review of ADME Properties and Their Potential Impact on Mycophenolic Acid Plasma Exposure.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an approved drug widely used as an immunosuppressant agent for the prevention of rejection in organ transplant patients and for managing various autoimmune disorders. Pharma-cological studies have shown that the plasma exposure of MPA is critical to to maintaining its efficacy, leading to a significant focus on MPA therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in clinical practice. Additionally, many papers have been published regarding MPA's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) characteristics, which are the key disposition factors affecting the plasma exposure of MPA.

Selective enhancement of fish gelatin emulsification via structural compatibility with sodium alginate: A comparative study with SPI and WPI.

This study systematically investigated the structure-dependent interactions between sodium alginate (SA) and three distinct proteins-fish gelatin (FG), soybean protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI)-to elucidate their differential emulsification enhancement mechanisms. Mechanistic studies showed that FG exhibited unique structural compatibility with SA, driven by strong electrostatic interactions (ΔH = -6.59 kJ/mol, ΔS = 5.

Impacts of flexible renewable hybrid system with electric vehicles considering economic reactive power management on microgrid voltage stability and operation.

This article delves into the eco-friendly operation of a smart microgrid, highlighting its ability to maintain voltage security through a flexible renewable hybrid system. The framework incorporates wind and bio-waste energy sources to produce electricity, while leveraging electric vehicles as mobile storage units and flexibility resources. The hybrid system is also capable of managing reactive power.

Clay Attenuates Diarrhea Induced by Fat in a Mouse Model.

Diarrhea induced by an excessive amount of fat is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder. Currently, there are limited animal models and treatment options for diarrhea associated with fat. This study aims to develop a mouse model of high-fat-associated diarrhea using glyceryl-trioleate (GTO) and evaluate the potential of montmorillonite clay (MMT) in mitigating this condition.

Population-specific brain charts reveal Chinese-Western differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Human brain charts provide unprecedented opportunities for decoding neurodevelopmental milestones and establishing clinical benchmarks for precision brain medicine . However, current lifespan brain charts are primarily derived from European and North American cohorts, with Asian populations severely underrepresented. Here, we present the first population-specific brain charts for China, developed through the Chinese Lifespan Brain Mapping Consortium (Phase I) using neuroimaging data from 43,037 participants (aged 0-100 years) across 384 sites nationwide.

Cancer-Associated Genetic Aberrations and Precision Medicine.

The gene encodes the class IA PI3K regulatory subunit p85α, which is frequently altered in cancer. functions as a tumor suppressor by stabilizing and inhibiting the catalytic activity of p110, and it directly binds to and enhances the activity of the PTEN lipid phosphatase. Aberrations in the gene are associated with poor prognosis in cancer; available data underscore the significant role of mutations in mediating tumorigenesis by promoting the signaling of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Autophagy modulation by hADSCs and green light therapy alleviates inflammation and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in chronic motor deficits and intractable neuropathic pain, driven by neuroinflammation and impaired tissue repair. Current therapies inadequately address these multifaceted challenges. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) transplantation combined with green light (GL) therapy to modulate inflammation, enhance autophagy, and facilitate functional restoration post-SCI.

Eco-friendly chitosan-based composite microspheres for efficient recovery of gold from electronic waste via adsorption-reduction cascade.

With the growing demand for gold, recovering it from gold-containing solutions and electronic waste has emerged as a sustainable approach to mitigate environmental pollution and resource depletion. In this context, eco-friendly materials receive increasing attention due to their sustainability, non-toxicity, biodegradability. Here, a novel environmentally friendly porous bead material, CS-Fc@CD-TU, was developed using ferrocene-modified chitosan, oxidized cyclodextrin and thiourea, combining adsorption and reduction capabilities.

The Discovery and Characterization of HBS-101, a Novel Inhibitor of Midkine, as a Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor clinical outcome. There is a dire need for the development of new targeted therapies for TNBC. Midkine (MDK), a multifunctional cytokine/growth factor, functions as an oncoprotein, and its expression is elevated in various cancers.

Sialylated glycoproteins bind to Siglec-9 in a cis manner on platelets to suppress platelet activation.

Background: The endogenous negative regulation of platelets is important in preventing spontaneous thrombosis, while the mechanism of homeostasis is incompletely understood.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore whether Siglec-9 plays a negative regulative role and identify the ligand of Siglec-9 on platelets.

Methods: To determine the role of Siglec-9 on platelets, platelet factor 4-cre:Siglec-E knockout mouse model and human platelet in vitro culture system were used.

Low serum calcium promotes traumatic intracerebral hematoma expansion by the response of immune cell: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

To explore the potential role of serum calcium levels at admission in the expansion of acute traumatic intracerebral hematoma (tICH) and to construct a novel nomogram to predict tICH expansion. In this multicenter retrospective study, 640 and 237 patients were included in the training and validation datasets, respectively. Risk factors for acute tICH expansion were selected by logistic regression analysis.

Fecal microbiota transplantation promotes functional recovery in mice with spinal cord injury by modulating the spinal cord microenvironment.

Background: spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the gut microbiota, worsening the injury's impact. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is increasingly recognized as a promising strategy to improve neural function post-SCI, yet its precise mechanisms are still far from clear. The present study aims to elucidate how FMT influences motor function recovery and its underlying mechanisms utilizing a SCI mouse model.

A simple and efficient method of preparing patients with gastric cancer for abdominal MRI examination.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the advantages of administering 200 ml of 5% dextrose water in improving pre-examination training efficiency, examination efficiency, success rate, and image quality of MRI scans in patients with gastric cancer.

Method: This study included 122 gastric cancer patients who underwent upper abdominal MRI from March 2022 to March 2024. These patients were divided into two groups: a study group of which patients had 200 ml of 5% dextrose water before MRI scan (n = 59) and a control group with only routine preparations (n = 63).

Prevalence and prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-associated liver disease: a retrospective study of 136 571 patients with chronic liver diseases.

Background And Aims: To explore the incidence of alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), evaluate possible synergisms between alcohol and well-known risk factors associated with HCC and establish a nomogram to predict alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD)-related HCC risk.

Methods: A database of 136 571 inpatients in the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2002 to 2018 with chronic liver disease was established. Data were collected by medical records review.

Fabrication and characterization of emulsion stabilized by tannic acid/soluble potato starch complexes.

In this study, the influence of tannic acid (TA)/soluble potato starch (PS) mass ratio and PS concentration on TA/PS complexes and emulsions stabilized by TA/PS complexes were studied. The size, hydrophobicity and emulsifying properties of TA/PS complexes were all controlled by TA/PS mass ratio and PS concentration. In detail, the hydrophobicity of PS (θ = 48°) improved after complexing with TA to form TA/PS complexes (θ = 64°).

Naringenin Inhibits Ferroptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells of Diabetic Nephropathy Through SIRT1/FOXO3a Signaling Pathway.

Naringenin has the potential to regulate ferroptosis and mitigate renal damage in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, it remains unclear whether the naringenin's effects in DN are linked to its ability to regulate ferroptosis. This study investigated the potential anti-ferroptosis properties of naringenin in high glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell models.

Analysis of Immunometabolic Profiles in Patients With Chronic Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Validation in Mice to Reveal Potential Mechanisms.

Background: The mechanism underlying chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains unclear. Immune activation is a common feature of DILI progression and is closely associated with metabolism. We explored the immunometabolic profile of chronic DILI and the potential mechanism of chronic DILI progression.

Impact of Species and Tissue Differences on In Vitro Glucuronidation of Diclofenac.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of species and tissue differences on the glucuronidation of diclofenac in vitro.

Method: Microsomes from different species (rat, monkey, mouse, dog, and human) and rat and human tissues (liver, intestine, and kidney) were used to assess the rate of glucuronidation reaction of diclofenac. The metabolites were quantified using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and fitted into a Michaelis-Menten model to determine the metabolic kinetic parameters.

A global product of 150-m urban building height based on spaceborne lidar.

Urban building height, as a fundamental 3D urban structural feature, has far-reaching applications. However, creating readily available datasets of recent urban building heights with fine spatial resolutions and global coverage remains a challenging task. Here, we provide a 150-m global urban building heights dataset around 2020 by combining the spaceborne lidar (Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation, GEDI), multi-sourced data (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1), and topographic data.

Serological proteomic profiling uncovered CDK5RAP2 as a novel marker in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects approximately half of men over the age of 50. Early detection and timely treatment facilitate disease intervention and achieve a better clinical outcome. However, current clinical methods, such as prostate specific antigen (PSA), lack the sensitivity to accurately distinguish between BPH and prostate cancer (PCa).

Species Differences in Ezetimibe Glucuronidation.

Background: Peclinical and clinical studies have revealed that ezetimibe, an approved cholesterol-absorption inhibitor, is rapidly and extensively metabolized to a more potent metabolite, ezetimibe glucuronide. Since different species are commonly used in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of ezetimibe, it is essential to determine the species difference in glucuronidation of ezetimibe in order to accurately evaluate ezetimibe's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The purpose of the study was to compare species differences in ezetimibe glucuronidation rates using intestinal microsomes from humans, rats, mice, monkeys, and dogs.

Enhanced stability of curcumin encapsulated in fish gelatin emulsions combined with γ-Polyglutamic acid.

This study examined the rheological properties, interfacial characteristics, particle size, zeta potential, Turbiscan stability index (TSI), morphology, and encapsulation efficiency of curcumin (Cur) loaded fish gelatin (FG) emulsions modified with γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA). The results showed that adding γ-PGA significantly increased curcumin encapsulation efficiency. At 0.

sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from the gill of the leopard coral grouper ().

A novel actinomycete, designated strain ZYX-F-249, was isolated from the gill of a leopard coral grouper in Yongxing Island, Hainan Province, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain ZYX-F-249 belonged to the genus , with high similarities to ATCC 12950 (98.7 %), 211020 (98.