Proteomic analysis of Buffalo milk somatic cells reveals metabolomic and immunological transitions during early lactation.

Buffalo milk is renowned for its nutritional and functional properties. Milk somatic cells protect the mammary gland, contribute to the functionality of the udder, and also aid in the health and development of newborn calves, particularly during the critical early lactation period. However, proteomic changes in buffalo milk somatic cells during the transition from colostrum to mature milk remain poorly understood.

Exploring the evolutionary journey of the lumpy skin disease virus through the phylogenetic and phylo-geo network analysis.

Introduction: Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), an emerging pathogen from the genus, continues to challenge global livestock health with its expanding host range and genetic adaptability.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we report the first isolation and whole genome sequencing of LSDV from Bos frontalis, a semi-domesticated bovine species native to Northeast India, along with the assembly of an isolate from cattle.

Results: Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) estimates support a relatively recent common origin for Indian strains, pointing to ongoing virus circulation and regional adaptation.

Constructing a draft Indian cattle pangenome using short-read sequencing.

Indian desi cattle, known for their adaptability and phenotypic diversity, represent a valuable genetic resource. However, a single reference genome often fails to capture the full extent of their genetic variation. To address this, we construct a pangenome for desi cattle by identifying and characterizing non-reference novel sequences (NRNS).

De-novo assembled mitochondrial genome of Bhadawari buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) reveals close divergence to Egyptian buffalo.

Background: The objective of this study was to assemble the mitochondrial genome of Bhadawari buffalo and do phylogenetic analysis of it. We assembled the complete mitochondrial sequence of Bhadawari buffalo de novo from short Illumina sequences generated from the paired-end library. Phylogenetic analysis was done on 24 assembled mitochondrial genomes from the Bovidae family using the Maximum Likelihood method and General Time Reversible Substitution Model.

Advancing the Indian cattle pangenome: characterizing non-reference sequences in Bos indicus.

Background: India harbors the world's largest cattle population, encompassing over 50 distinct Bos indicus breeds. This rich genetic diversity underscores the inadequacy of a single reference genome to fully capture the genomic landscape of Indian cattle. To comprehensively characterize the genomic variation within Bos indicus and, specifically, dairy breeds, we aim to identify non-reference sequences and construct a comprehensive pangenome.

Gene expression profiling of indigenous Tharparkar and crossbred Vrindavani cattle affected with lameness using PBMC model.

Lameness is an economically significant, production-limiting syndrome that adversely affects the (re)production performance of animals besides deteriorating the quantity and quality aspects of milk in dairy cattle. The present study aimed to explore the potential biomarkers for painful foot lesions in indigenous Tharparkar and crossbred Vrindavani cattle affected with lameness. The differentially expressed genes in lame versus healthy animals were elucidated using microarray analysis and validated them by qRT-PCR.

Genome-wide comparative analyses highlight selection signatures underlying saline adaptation in Chilika buffalo.

Chilika, a native buffalo breed of the Eastern coast of India, is mainly distributed around the Chilika brackish water lake connected with the Bay of Bengal Sea. This breed possesses a unique ability to delve deep into the salty water of the lake and stay there to feed on local vegetation of saline nature. Adaptation to salinity is a genetic phenomenon; however, the genetic basis underlying salinity tolerance is still limited in animals, specifically in livestock.

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles regulate distinct heat stress response in zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) cattle.

Epigenetic variations result from long-term adaptation to environmental factors. The Bos indicus (zebu) adapted to tropical conditions, whereas Bos taurus adapted to temperate conditions; hence native zebu cattle and its crossbred (B indicus × B taurus) show differences in responses to heat stress. The present study evaluated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of these two breeds of cattle that may explain distinct heat stress responses.

Rapid and visual detection of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in carabeef meat harnessing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).

Shiga toxigenic E. coli are important foodborne zoonotic pathogens. The present study was envisaged to standardize loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays targeting stx1 and stx2 genes for rapid and visual detection of STEC and compare its sensitivity with PCR.

Balanced spatiotemporal arrangements of histone H3 and H4 posttranslational modifications are necessary for meiotic prophase I chromosome organization.

Dynamic nuclear architecture and chromatin organizations are the key features of the mid-prophase I in mammalian meiosis. The chromatin undergoes major changes, including meiosis-specific spatiotemporal arrangements and remodeling, the establishment of chromatin loop-axis structure, pairing, and crossing over between homologous chromosomes, any deficiencies in these events may induce genome instability, subsequently leading to failure to produce gametes and infertility. Despite the significance of chromatin structure, little is known about the location of chromatin marks and the necessity of their balance during meiosis prophase I.

Changes in mA RNA methylation of goat lung following PPRV infection.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of goats and sheep, caused by the Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Earlier studies suggest the involvement of diverse regulatory mechanisms in PPRV infection. Methylation at N6 of Adenosine called mA is a type RNA modification that influences various physiological and pathological phenomena.

Genome-wide expression analysis reveals different heat shock responses in indigenous (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) cattle.

Environmental heat stress in dairy cattle leads to poor health, reduced milk production and decreased reproductive efficiency. Multiple genes interact and coordinate the response to overcome the impact of heat stress. The present study identified heat shock regulated genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

N-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Host Cells Regulates Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Replication.

N-methyladenosine (mA) modification is a major RNA epigenetic regulatory mechanism. The dynamics of mA levels in viral genomic RNA and their mRNAs have been shown to have either pro- or antiviral functions, and therefore, mA modifications influence virus-host interactions. Currently, no reports are available on the effect of mA modifications in the genome of (PPRV).

Genotypic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus circulating in swine population of India: Genotype-III still in dominance.

Swine is considered as a suitable sentinel to predict Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) outbreaks in humans. The present study was undertaken to determine the circulating genotypes of JEV in swine population of India. A total of 702 swine serum samples from four states of western, northern, northern-temperate, and north-eastern zones of India were screened by real-time RT-PCR targeting envelope gene of JEV, which showed positivity of 35.

Immuno-chromatic probe based lateral flow assay for point-of-care detection of Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 protein biomarker in clinical samples using a smartphone-based approach.

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are one of the most economical, point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic assays that exploit the colorimetric properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Up to the best of our knowledge, no rapid antigen-based LFA exists for Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) detection. Herein, we have reported a novel portable sandwich-type LFA for on-site detection of the non-structural 1 (NS1) secretory protein of JEV.

Integrated analysis of long-noncoding RNA and circular RNA expression in Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus (PPRV) infected marmoset B lymphocyte (B95a) cells.

Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants (PPR) or goat plague is an important viral disease of sheep and goats caused by the small ruminant morbilli virus or PPR virus (PPRV). Long non coding RNAs (lncRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNA) play a pivotal role in several biological processes including regulation of virus-host interactions. The present study explored the expression of lncRNA, circRNA and their functions in PPRV infected B-lymphocyte (B95a) cells.

Effect of acute heat shock on stress gene expression and DNA methylation in zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) dairy cattle.

Environmental temperature is one of the major factors to affect health and productivity of dairy cattle. Gene expression networks within the cells and tissues coordinate stress response, metabolism, and milk production in dairy cattle. Epigenetic DNA methylations were found to mediate the effect of environment by regulating gene expression patterns.

Selection and validation of suitable reference gene for qPCR gene expression analysis in lamb testis cells under Sheep pox virus infection.

Virus infection alters host gene expression, therefore ideal and stable reference housekeeping genes are required to normalise the expression of other expressed host genes in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The suitable reference gene may vary in response to different viral infections in different hosts or cells. In the present study, we cultured primary lamb testis cells (LTC) and assessed the expression stability of seven widely used housekeeping genes (B2M, HMBS, HPRT1, HSP-90, POLR2A, 18s_RNA, GAPDH) as reference genes in Sheeppox virus (SPPV) infected and control (uninfected-0h) LTC at 0.

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and ACE2 Interaction Reveals Modulation of Viral Entry in Wild and Domestic Animals.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral pathogen causing life-threatening diseases in humans. Interaction between the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a potential factor in the infectivity of a host. In this study, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with its receptor, ACE2, in different hosts was evaluated to predict the probability of viral entry.

Comparative gene expression profile in circulating PBMCs of and crossbred cattle to understand disease tolerance mechanism.

The present investigation was performed to compare the global gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of and crossbred ( × ) cattle. Previously, several studies revealed the disease tolerance potential of cattle but underlying genetic mechanism is still not fully explored. The PBMCs model was used for this investigation as it plays crucial role in the immune system regulation.

Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs under (PPRV) infection in goats.

(PPR) characterized by fever, sore mouth, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia, is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PPRV infection has not been explored to date. In this study, the transcriptome profiles of virulent Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infected goat tissues - lung and spleen were analyzed to identify the role of lncRNAs in PPRV infection.

Proteome Modulation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Ruminants Vaccinated Goats and Sheep.

In the present study, healthy goats and sheep ( = 5) that were confirmed negative for ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies by monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA and by serum neutralization test and for PPRV antigen by s-ELISA were vaccinated with Sungri/96. A quantitative study was carried out to compare the proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated goat and sheep [5 days post-vaccination (dpv) and 14 dpv] vs. unvaccinated (0 day) to divulge the alteration in protein expression following vaccination.