Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting cattle and related species, entered India in 2019, with first outbreak reported in Odisha, and has since caused significant economic losses to the Indian livestock sector. Following its entry, the disease spread rapidly to various states, including the northeastern region which is known for its porous borders. A total of 56 clinical samples (whole blood, skin scrapings, nasal swab, skin lesions and serum) were collected from various outbreaks of LSD in Meghalaya.

Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant of fish origin-first isolation and insights into a potential food safety threat.

Introduction: is an emerging food-borne pathogen with zoonotic potential which is often under-reported due to misidentifications.

Materials And Methods: The current study identified from retail fish sold in market which was confirmed by phenotypic (colorless colonies on Xylose-Rhamnose-Melibiose MacConkey Agar), genotypic (dual target uniplex PCR-based detection) and genomic methods (CheckM analysis). In this paper we report the phenotypic characters of the isolate and genomic features such as resistome, virulome and mobilome followed by O and H antigen based typing and comparative phylogenomics using various tools (RAST, RGI v6.

Development of Rapid Alkaline Lysis-Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique for Authentication of Mithun () and Yak () Species.

(Mithun) and (yak) are crucial to the culture, food security, and economy of Southeast Asia, especially in India and China, respectively. Their genetic closeness to (indicine cattle) and (taurine cattle) necessitates precise methods for meat origin authentication. This study introduces a DNA-based technique to distinguish Mithun and yak species using the alkaline lysis (AL) protocol for DNA extraction, followed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify unique mitochondrial D-loop regions, yielding 489 bp and 422 bp amplicons, respectively.

Differential Cytotoxic Effects of Cell-Free Supernatants of Emerging Pathogens and on Four Cell Lines Reveal Vero Cells as a Putative Candidate for Cytotoxicity Analysis.

and are recognized as emerging pathogens with zoonotic potential. Despite their increasing importance, there is a paucity of data on the cytotoxicity of these two pathogens. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic potentials of the cell-free supernatants from 10 and 15 isolates for their cytotoxic effects on four different cell lines (CHO, Vero, HeLa, and MDCK).

Rapid and visual detection of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in carabeef meat harnessing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).

Shiga toxigenic E. coli are important foodborne zoonotic pathogens. The present study was envisaged to standardize loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays targeting stx1 and stx2 genes for rapid and visual detection of STEC and compare its sensitivity with PCR.

High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant, Biofilm-Forming Virulent in Broiler Chicken Retail Points in Northeast India.

In light of the significant public health and food safety implications associated with , this study aimed to isolate and characterize in samples obtained from broiler chicken retail points in Meghalaya, northeastern India. A total of 280 samples comprising meat, intestinal contents, water, and hand swabs were processed to detect contamination by . The isolates were subjected to toxinotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and biofilm-forming ability test.

Limiting the spillover of zoonotic pathogens from traditional food markets in developing countries and a new market design for risk-proofing.

Traditional food markets are age-old systems that primarily serve the food supply needs of society's less affluent sectors, often operating with minimal infrastructure. These markets are prevalent in low and middle-income countries. However, their hygienic conditions are frequently suboptimal, potentially fostering the emergence and spread of presumptive zoonotic diseases.

Development of novel isothermal-based DNA amplification assay for detection of pig tissues in adulterated meat.

For the first time, we describe an innovative polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) assay for the rapid, simple, and accurate detection of pig tissues or pork in adulterated meat including heat-treated and processed ones. The PSR assay specifically targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b () gene of the pig was successfully optimized permitting assay results in 65 min time. The developed detection method was 100% specific amplifying only the gene and displaying negative results with all the tested non-pork meats.

Avian strains of emerging pathogen are phylogenetically diverse and harbor the greatest AMR dissemination potential among different sources: Comparative genomic evidence.

Introduction: is regarded as an emerging pathogen with zoonotic potential. In the current study, we undertook source-wise comparative genomic analyses (resistome, virulome, mobilome and pangenome) to understand the antimicrobial resistance, virulence, mobile genetic elements and phylogenetic diversity of .

Methods: Six strains (5 multidrug resistant strains and 1 biofilm former) were isolated from poultry (duck faeces and retail chicken samples).

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of isolates recovered from foods of animal origin and fishes in North-Eastern India.

is a pathogen of great concern to the food industry. The present study was aimed to explore the clonal relationships amongst strains isolated from foods of animal origin (milk, beef, chevon (goat meat), pork and chicken) and fish. Forty-seven strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Detection of novel sequence types and zoonotic transmission potentiality among strains of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) from dairy calves, animal handlers and associated environments.

Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) is one of the most important food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens responsible for causing gastrointestinal infections, haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome. The present study was aimed to isolate and characterize STEC from neonatal dairy calves, animal handlers and their surrounding environment and to establish the genetic relationship among isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total number of 115 samples were collected and processed for the isolation of E.

A novel in situ methodology for visual detection of Clostridium perfringens in pork harnessing saltatory rolling circle amplification.

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), a prolific toxin-producing anaerobe is an important foodborne pathogen with a huge public health concern. Rapid and on-site detection of C.

Neglected paths of transmission of milkborne brucellosis and tuberculosis in developing countries: novel control opportunities.

Brucellosis and tuberculosis are lingering zoonotic infections that are endemic in many developing parts of the world, with considerable economic and health costs. Although guidelines for the control of these diseases exist, we highlight neglected transmission routes of these diseases. We show that informal, door-to-door marketing of unpasteurized milk provides an important route for disease transmission through kitchen cross-contamination.

Development of a novel and rapid polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) assay to detect Salmonella in pork and pork products.

The polymerase spiral reaction (PSR), a novel isothermal method for targeted DNA amplification, was effectively applied to detect Salmonella in artificially spiked pork. The specificity of the developed PSR was tested using 16 Salmonella and 15 non-Salmonella strains. The PSR assay was 10-fold more sensitive than conventional end-point PCR, having a sensitivity comparable to real-time PCR.

Captive wildlife from India as carriers of Shiga toxin-producing, Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) make up an important group of pathogens causing major animal and public health concerns worldwide.

Development and evaluation of isothermal amplification assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of Clostridium perfringens from chevon.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a promising, simple, rapid and sensitive molecular detection method. In the present study, LAMP assay was developed for detecting Clostridium perfringens in chevon. Primers were designed to detect the cpa gene of C.

Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in India.

Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in captive wild animal species in India is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of different Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial resistance patterns and genotypic relatedness of recovered isolates.

Draft Genome Sequences of Isolates from India.

causes diarrhea and extraintestinal infections in humans and animals. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of strains 360/16 and 646, isolated from neonatal calves.

Diversity of toxin-genotypes among Clostridium perfringens isolated from healthy and diarrheic neonatal cattle and buffalo calves.

The diversity of toxin-genotypes of C. perfringens in neonatal calves was determined in this study. A total of 682 fresh faecal samples comprising 559 healthy and 123 diarrheic neonatal calves (cattle and buffalo) were collected from various farms in Northern India.

Prevalence and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens in captive wildlife in India.

The prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in captive wildlife in India has not been reported. The objective of the study was to determine the fecal prevalence of C. perfringens in captive wildlife in India.