The rise of Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella Typhi from western Rajasthan, India.

Introduction: Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi, remains a sig-nificant public health concern, particularly in developing countries. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance, including resistance to first-line drugs, fluoroquinolones, and the development of re-sistance to ceftriaxone, poses a significant threat to effective treatment.

Methods: This study investigated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella Typhi isolates from blood samples of patients with suspected typhoid fever at a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan, India, between April 2022 and May 2024.

Development and validation of a prognostic model for predicting the risk of allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: a retrospective new-user cohort study using linked primary care, hospitalisation, and mortality data.

Background: Allopurinol, the most prescribed urate-lowering drug, is a known cause of severe cutaneous adverse reactions. We aimed to develop and validate a model to assess the risk of allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in adults newly prescribed allopurinol.

Methods: In this retrospective new-user cohort study, we developed and validated a prognostic model using primary care, hospitalisation, and mortality data extracted from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care database, for the period Jan 1, 2001, to March 29, 2021.

Gynecomastia Surgery: Liposuction Alone versus Liposuction with Endoscope-Assisted Glandular Excision-A Comparative Study.

Background: Gynecomastia, affecting around 30% of young males, has seen evolving surgical treatments, transitioning from traditional excision methods to contemporary techniques like liposuction. Emotional distress persists when glandular tissue is inadequately addressed, prompting exploration of combined liposuction and glandular excision procedures.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing gynecomastia surgery over a period of 2 years were assessed, considering their demographics, medical history, and gynecomastia grade.

Cyclodextrin-AmB-IL-10 antagonist peptide nanoparticles treat leishmaniasis more effectively than conventional AmB.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a novel nanotherapeutic approach by combining an interleukin-10 (IL-10) peptide antagonist with amphotericin B (AmB) to enhance antileishmanial efficacy while reducing cytotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: A peptide antagonist targeting IL-10, identified via analysis and showing minimal cytotoxicity (95% promastigote viability at 20 µg/mL), was synthesized and conjugated with AmB using chemical cross-linkers. The conjugate was encapsulated in gamma-cyclodextrin to produce uniform nanoparticles (~40 nm).

Sustainable reduction of Cr (VI) by green synthesized chitosan coated copper (II) nanoparticles in batch reactor system: Isotherm, thermodynamics and kinetic study.

This study explores the use of green-synthesized chitosan-coated CuO nanoparticle (Ch-CuNs) for the sustainable removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles, while energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and elemental analysis verified the presence of Cr (VI) on the nanoparticle surface, indicating successful adsorption. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis identified functional groups on the nanoparticles that actively participated in Cr (VI) adsorption.

Pyramidal attention-based T network for brain tumor classification: a comprehensive analysis of transfer learning approaches for clinically reliable and reliable AI hybrid approaches.

Brain tumors are a significant challenge to human health as they impair the proper functioning of the brain and the general quality of life, thus requiring clinical intervention through early and accurate diagnosis. Although current state-of-the-art deep learning methods have achieved remarkable progress, there is still a gap in the representation learning of tumor-specific spatial characteristics and the robustness of the classification model on heterogeneous data. In this paper, we introduce a novel Pyramidal Attention-Based bi-partitioned T Network (PABT-Net) that combines the hierarchical pyramidal attention mechanism and T-block based bi-partitioned feature extraction, and a self-convolutional dilated neural classifier as the final task.

An affinity-modulated T cell engager targeting Claudin 18.2 shows potent anti-tumor activity with limited cytokine release.

Background: AZD5863 is a bispecific T cell engager (TCE) with high affinity to CLDN18.2 and low affinity to cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), designed to decrease its peripheral cytokine release potential, improve the therapeutic index, and maintain potent anti-tumor activity.

Methods: AZD5863 was evaluated using CLDN18.

Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition: 2025 update to recent epidemiological findings.

Purpose Of Review: Our objective is to propose an expert opinion focusing on most important and recent developments in calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) epidemiology. We highlight recent findings published in the past 18 months and their potential implications for research and patient care.

Recent Findings: We discuss new understanding of CPPD prevalence through advances in imaging modalities, advances in synovial fluid analyses (SFA), updates on disease phenotypes, and potential sources of misdiagnosis of CPPD.

Bacterial Contamination of Spacer Devices Used by Asthmatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of bacterial contamination of spacer devices used by asthmatic children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary centre in India included asthmatic children aged 5 to 17 years who were using metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer for at least three months. A sterile cotton swab pre-moistened in sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, rotated around the inner surface of the spacers, was smeared on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates.

Environmental forensics of the X-press pearl disaster: Uncovering the internal micro-structural transformations in marine microplastics.

The MV X-Press Pearl (XPP) maritime disaster on May 25, 2021, released approximately 75 billion microplastic (MP) nurdles into the Indian Ocean and degraded due to the elevated temperatures, a cocktail of chemicals, physical abrasions, and environmental factors. While degradation-induced surface-level chemical and morphological changes were well documented, internal degradation remains largely unexplored. This study highlights the utilization of high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a purely non-destructive imaging modality to discover profound internal alterations in the micrometer range, such as internal hollow regions, cracks, and voids in MP nurdles subjected to different degrees of degradation.

Conditioned quantum-assisted deep generative surrogate for particle-binary vector indicating thecalorimeter interactions.

Particle collisions at accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), recorded by experiments such as ATLAS and CMS, enable precise standard model measurements and searches for new phenomena. Simulating these collisions significantly influences experiment design and analysis but incurs immense computational costs, projected at millions of CPU-years annually during the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase. Currently, simulating a single event with Geant4 consumes around 1000 CPU seconds, with calorimeter simulations especially demanding.

A lightweight and secure authentication and privacy protection scheme for internet of medical things.

The advent of smart healthcare technology has provided various benefits, including remote patient monitoring, personalized treatments, and early disease detection. However, transmitting sensitive patient data through IoMT devices raises significant security and privacy concerns. To protect patients' data and smart medical devices, authentication is required.

Fish consumption patterns and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in fried and grilled fish products and mitigation strategies.

In the present study, the concentration of 13PAHs and the six indicator PCBs was determined through GC-MS/MS in 36 grilled and fried fish products. The study is unique in terms of the simultaneous determination of two types of persistent organic pollutants in grilled and fried fish products. The concentration of ∑13PAHs and ∑6PCBs in these samples varied from 20.

Welfare Issues on Dairy Farms in Tripura, India, as Identified Through On-Farm Inspection.

With the aim of identifying the welfare issues of dairy animals in field conditions in Tripura state, the study was carried out across 3 purposively selected districts having maximum cooperatives and from each district 8 cooperative societies were selected at random, totaling 120 farmers (5 farmers from each cooperative). Farmers were grouped by herd size i.e.

Bridging the gap: Early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis among PLHIV in Western Rajasthan, India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV), with delayed diagnosis contributing significantly to poor outcomes. Early detection through systematic screening and diagnostic tools is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the World Health Organization (WHO) four-symptom screen (fever, cough, weight loss, and night sweats), using Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California) as the gold standard for early detection of pulmonary TB in HIV-positive patients.

Simultaneous determination of eight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and six Polychlorinated Biphenyls in canned sardines and human health risk.

The present study aimed to quantify the levels of eight marker PAHs and six indicator PCBs in canned sardine fish using the QuEChERS (fast, easy, cheap, effective, resistant, and safe) method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Recoveries of PAHs and PCBs varied from 62% to 120% and 82% to 103% respectively, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 12.2%.

Comparison of Different Diagnostic Modalities for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia and Peptic Ulcer Disease.

Background: There are several diagnostic techniques for detecting Helicobacter pylori, the most common of which are upper GI endoscopic biopsies and stool specimens as optimal sam-ples. The goal of this study was to detect and compare H. pylori infection using the following tech-niques: rapid urease test (RUT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture, histopathology, and stool antigen test (SAT), as well as to assess their validity in detecting H.

Evaluation of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions with Antimicrobials among Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are often prescribed multiple drugs, including antimicrobials, increasing the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This study evaluated the frequency, mechanisms, and severity of potential DDIs with antimicrobials in such patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 292 critically ill patients in the ICU of M S Ramaiah Hospitals from December 2018 to June 2020.

Retrospective Gauging of Survival Rate and Clinical and Radiological Changes Following Regenerative Periodontal Therapy in Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions.

Background: Endodontic-periodontal lesions present an open wound that might need surgical management using the GTR (guided tissue regeneration) to be managed using a combined approach.

Aim: To assess the survival rate and clinical and radiological changes following regenerative periodontal therapy in endodontic-periodontal lesions.

Methods: The study assessed 104 cases in 82 subjects with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Quantum machine learning-based electrokinetic mining for the identification of nanoparticles and exosomes with minimal training data.

Synthetic and naturally occurring particles, such as nanoparticles (NPs) and exosomes; a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), have garnered widespread attention across various fields, including biomaterials, oncology, and delivery systems for drugs and vaccines. Traditional methods for identifying NPs and EVs, such as transmission electron microscopy, are often prohibitively expensive and labor-intensive. As an alternative, the assessment of electrokinetic attributes such as zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility, conductance, and mean count rate, offers a more cost-effective, rapid, and reliable means of characterizing these particles.

Functional and Clinical Outcomes of Transtibial versus Transportal Techniques in Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using a Quadrupled Hamstring Graft: The South Indian Experience.

Context: There has been an increase in the incidence of ligament injuries of the knee owing to sporting events and traffic accidents. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most common ligament injury of the knee. According to the literature, 85% of the tears noted are complete.

Exposing the essence: evaluating quality, readability, trustworthiness, and understandability of information on depression in YouTube videos and the web.

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder worldwide. The internet offers a wide range of digital resources on depression, but its credibility is sometimes doubted due to the potential for erroneous information, which can worsen the stigma surrounding mental health and deter individuals from seeking professional services.

Aims: This paper aimed to analyze the contents of depression on Google and YouTube videos.

Effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the management of sleep problems in people with fibromyalgia: a multi-methods evidence synthesis.

Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain. Sleep problems are reported by 92% of people living with fibromyalgia.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interventions for the management of fibromyalgia-related sleep problems; explore the experiences of people with fibromyalgia-related sleep problems and examine the content of patient-reported outcome measures for 'sleep quality'.

Tradition Versus Innovation: Conventional Radiography and Ultrasound in Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Identification. Instructions for Use.

Objective: Conventional radiography (CR) and ultrasound (US) are used interchangeably for identification of calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD). The aim of this study was to assess whether combining US and CR offers greater accuracy over either modality alone for the identification of CPPD.

Methods: Consecutive patients scheduled for knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis were enrolled.