Differential expression of miRNAs dictates the susceptibility/resistance during malaria pathogenesis.

Malaria continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with the severity of the disease being influenced by intricate host-parasite interactions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which function as post-transcriptional regulators, are pivotal in modulating host immune responses during infection. This study conducted a comparative analysis of miRNA expression profiles in splenocytes of mice infected with two closely related Plasmodium yoelii strains- Py17XL (lethal) and Py17XNL (non-lethal), utilizing small RNA sequencing on day 13 post-infection.

Genome-wide cataloging and orthology analysis of long noncoding RNA expression in three species of Anopheles mosquito.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are versatile regulatory molecules that affect cellular phenotypes through context-specific expression. While their role in controlling cellular pathways is well-established in insects, investigating lncRNA expression in Anopheles in a tissue- and species-specific manner could add to our understanding of malaria transmission by this important vector.

Methodology: We performed de novo transcriptome assembly of Anopheles minimus, Anopheles albimanus, and Anopheles arabiensis utilising publicly available RNA-Seq datasets of male reproductive tissues, male carcasses, female reproductive tissues, and female carcasses.

Transcriptome profiling of Canine Parvovirus 2 Nonstructural gene 1(CPV2.NS1) transfected 4T1 mice mammary tumor cells to elucidate its oncolytic effects.

Oncolytic viral gene therapy is a directed approach to target cancer cells without affecting healthy cells of the body. Canine parvovirus (CPV2) is an oncolytic virus that precisely targets and destroys neoplastic cells by causing DNA damage, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Non-structural gene 1 (NS1) of CPV, concerned with viral DNA replication is a key mediator of cytotoxicity of CPV and can specifically cause tumor cell lysis.

Read-depth based approach on whole genome resequencing data reveals important insights into the copy number variation (CNV) map of major global buffalo breeds.

Background: Elucidating genome-wide structural variants including copy number variations (CNVs) have gained increased significance in recent times owing to their contribution to genetic diversity and association with important pathophysiological states. The present study aimed to elucidate the high-resolution CNV map of six different global buffalo breeds using whole genome resequencing data at two coverages (10X and 30X). Post-quality control, the sequence reads were aligned to the latest draft release of the Bubaline genome.

Review: genetic background of milk fatty acid synthesis in bovines.

Milk fat composition is an important trait for the dairy industry as it directly influences the nutritional and technological properties of milk and other dairy products. The synthesis of milk fat is a complex process regulated by a network of genes. Thus, understanding the genetic variation and molecular mechanisms regulating milk fat synthesis will help to improve the nutritional quality of dairy products.

Changes in mA RNA methylation of goat lung following PPRV infection.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of goats and sheep, caused by the Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Earlier studies suggest the involvement of diverse regulatory mechanisms in PPRV infection. Methylation at N6 of Adenosine called mA is a type RNA modification that influences various physiological and pathological phenomena.

An insight in proteome profiling of Tuta absoluta larvae after entomopathogenic fungal infection.

Tuta absoluta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a major pest of solanaceous plant species, causes serious losses in the agriculture sector around the globe. For better pest management, entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Purpureocillium lilacinum, play an efficient role in suppressing the pest population.

Integrated analysis of long-noncoding RNA and circular RNA expression in Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus (PPRV) infected marmoset B lymphocyte (B95a) cells.

Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants (PPR) or goat plague is an important viral disease of sheep and goats caused by the small ruminant morbilli virus or PPR virus (PPRV). Long non coding RNAs (lncRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNA) play a pivotal role in several biological processes including regulation of virus-host interactions. The present study explored the expression of lncRNA, circRNA and their functions in PPRV infected B-lymphocyte (B95a) cells.

Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of CSF virus challenged monocyte-derived macrophages provides distinct insights into immune response of Landrace and indigenous Ghurrah pigs.

The present study was undertaken to characterize the distinct immune response in indigenous Ghurrah and exotic Landrace pigs by challenging monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with CSF virus under in-vitro conditions and assessing the variations in the transcriptome profile at 48 h post-infection (hpi). RNA-sequencing was carried out in infected and non-infected MDMs of Ghurrah (n = 3) and Landrace (n = 3) piglets prior- as well as post-stimulation. MDMs of Ghurrah showed greater immune regulation in response to CSF infection with 518 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEG) in infected versus non-infected MDMs, as compared to only 31 DEGs in Landrace MDMs.

Porcine Circovirus type 2 infected myocardial tissue transcriptome signature.

The goal of this study was to compare the global gene expression profile in cardiac tissues of pig infected with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) to that of healthy cells. Since PCV2 infection causes severe cardiovascular lesions, the myocardial tissue model was chosen for this study. In High-throughput transcriptome analysis, DESeq2 and CLC genomics workbench analyses revealed a total of 196 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p-value < 0.

Selection and validation of suitable reference gene for qPCR gene expression analysis in lamb testis cells under Sheep pox virus infection.

Virus infection alters host gene expression, therefore ideal and stable reference housekeeping genes are required to normalise the expression of other expressed host genes in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The suitable reference gene may vary in response to different viral infections in different hosts or cells. In the present study, we cultured primary lamb testis cells (LTC) and assessed the expression stability of seven widely used housekeeping genes (B2M, HMBS, HPRT1, HSP-90, POLR2A, 18s_RNA, GAPDH) as reference genes in Sheeppox virus (SPPV) infected and control (uninfected-0h) LTC at 0.

Genome-wide elucidation of CNV regions and their association with production and reproduction traits in composite Vrindavani cattle.

The present study was aimed to analyze the genome-wide copy number variations (CNVs) in Vrindavani composite cattle and concatenate them into CNV regions (CNVRs), and finally test the association of CNVRs with different production and reproduction traits. Genotypic data, generated on BovineSNP50 Beadchip (v3) array for 96 Vrindavani animals, was used to elucidate the CNVs at the genome level. Intensity data covering over 53,218 SNP genotypes on bovine genome was used.

Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs under (PPRV) infection in goats.

(PPR) characterized by fever, sore mouth, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia, is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PPRV infection has not been explored to date. In this study, the transcriptome profiles of virulent Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infected goat tissues - lung and spleen were analyzed to identify the role of lncRNAs in PPRV infection.

Systems biology under heat stress in Indian cattle.

Transcriptome profiling of Vrindavani and Tharparkar cattle (n = 5 each) revealed that more numbers of genes were dysregulated in Vrindavani than in Tharparkar. A contrast in gene expression was observed with 18.9 % of upregulated genes in Vrindavani downregulated in Tharparkar and 17.

A Multi-copy Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostic Test for Bovine Tropical Theileriosis.

Background: Bovine tropical theileriosis (BTT) is a haemoprotozoan tick-borne disease that implicates huge losses to livestock in terms of considerable mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. Currently available diagnostic methods have less specificity and sensitivity towards the detection of Theileria species. Therefore, an attempt was made to diagnose Theileria annulata by targeting a multi-copy gene, viz.

mA modification of RNA and its role in cancer, with a special focus on lung cancer.

Epitranscriptomics involves functionally relevant biochemical modifications of RNA taking place at the transcriptome level without a change in the sequence of ribonucleotides. Several types of modifications that affect the processing and function of differentRNA types have been reported. Methylation at N of Adenosine called mA is one such modification, quite widespread in occurrence and reported in snRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, rRNAs, miRNAs, and most abundantly, in mRNAs.

Canine Parvovirus and Its Non-Structural Gene 1 as Oncolytic Agents: Mechanism of Action and Induction of Anti-Tumor Immune Response.

The exploration into the strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer is far from complete. Apart from humans, cancer has gained considerable importance in animals because of increased awareness towards animal health and welfare. Current cancer treatment regimens are less specific towards tumor cells and end up harming normal healthy cells.

Apoptin as a Tumor-Specific Therapeutic Agent: Current Perspective on Mechanism of Action and Delivery Systems.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide in humans and animals. Conventional treatment regimens often fail to produce the desired outcome due to disturbances in cell physiology that arise during the process of transformation. Additionally, development of treatment regimens with no or minimum side-effects is one of the thrust areas of modern cancer research.

Contrasting Gene Expression Profiles of Monocytes and Lymphocytes From Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants Virus Infected Goats.

In this study, transcriptome analysis of PPRV infected PBMC subsets-T helper cells, T cytotoxic cells, monocytes, and B lymphocytes was done to delineate their role in host response. PPRV was found to infect lymphocytes and not monocytes. The established receptor for PPRV-SLAM was found downregulated in lymphocytes and non-differentially expressed in monocytes.

Dysregulated miRNAome and Proteome of PPRV Infected Goat PBMCs Reveal a Coordinated Immune Response.

In this study, the miRNAome and proteome of virulent Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed. The identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were found to govern genes that modulate immune response based on the proteome data. The top 10 significantly enriched immune response processes were found to be governed by 98 genes.

Selection and validation of suitable reference genes for qPCR gene expression analysis in goats and sheep under Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), lineage IV infection.

Identification of suitable candidate reference genes is an important prerequisite for validating the gene expression data obtained from downstream analysis of RNA sequencing using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Though existence of a universal reference gene is myth, commonly used reference genes can be assessed for expression stability to confer their suitability to be used as candidate reference genes in gene expression studies. In this study, we evaluated the expression stability of ten most commonly used reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, HSP90, HMBS, 18S rRNA, B2M, POLR2A, HPRT1, ACAC, YWHAZ) in fourteen different Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infected tissues of goats and sheep.