Advances in Piperazine-based Compounds for Antimicrobial Drug Development: Design, SAR, and Therapeutic Potential.

The rise of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the need for novel therapeutic agents to combat infectious diseases. Among various heterocyclic scaffolds, piperazine has emerged as a promising nucleus in drug discovery due to its structural versatility and ability to enhance bioactivity. This review explores the role of piperazine-based compounds in antimicrobial drug development, focusing on design strategies, Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR), and therapeutic applications.

Genomic Prediction Paves Way for the Identification of Multiple Rust Resistant Genotypes in Bread Wheat ( L.).

Over the past two decades, genomic prediction (GP), also known as genomic selection (GS), has been widely adopted in plant and animal breeding programs worldwide. GP is a promising approach that utilizes genomic markers to estimate genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs), facilitating the selection of superior individuals. In this study, we assessed the performance of five GP models- Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP), Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space regression (RKHS) and Bayesian methods (BayesA, BayesB, and BayesC)-for predicting seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf/brown rust (LR), stem/black rust (SR), and yellow/stripe rust (YR) in wheat using a panel of 347 diverse germplasm accessions.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives against tuberculosis: a pharmacophore-based approach.

Rising cases of drug resistance tuberculosis including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant emphasize the need for development of drugs with novel mechanism of action. The study aimed to explore novel inhibitors targeting Mycobacterium thymidine monophosphate kinase (Mtb TMPK), a promising but unexplored drug target for tuberculosis treatment. A library of 200 coumarin derivatives was rationally designed and screened against Mtb TMPK, an essential enzyme in nucleotide biosynthesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Development of a composite core collection from 5,856 Sesame accessions being conserved in the Indian National Genebank.

Objectives: A composite core collection (CCC) in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) will help utilize genetic resources efficiently. This study reports, using genomics tools, a representative minimal set (CCC) that capture maximal genetic diversity from a set of 5,856 sesame accessions being conserved at the National Genebank (NGB) of the ICAR-NBPGR.

Differential expression of miRNAs dictates the susceptibility/resistance during malaria pathogenesis.

Malaria continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with the severity of the disease being influenced by intricate host-parasite interactions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which function as post-transcriptional regulators, are pivotal in modulating host immune responses during infection. This study conducted a comparative analysis of miRNA expression profiles in splenocytes of mice infected with two closely related Plasmodium yoelii strains- Py17XL (lethal) and Py17XNL (non-lethal), utilizing small RNA sequencing on day 13 post-infection.

Advancements in Precision Oncology: Harnessing High-Throughput Screening and Computational Strategies for Targeted Cancer Therapies.

Recent breakthroughs in precision medicine have significantly transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, propelling the development of individualized therapies characterized by enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. This review examines the integration of high-throughput screening techniques with advanced computational methodologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, to expedite drug discovery and optimize treatment protocols in oncology. We explore the efficacy of targeted therapeutics, CAR T-cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, alongside the role of combination therapies and biomarker identification in refining patient-specific treatment strategies.

Dual pathology of parvovirus B19 infection and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome complicating non-immune hydrops fetalis.

Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is a multifactorial condition characterised by abnormal fluid accumulation in fetal compartments. We report a complex case of NIHF in a primigravida in her 30s with dual pathology involving fetal parvovirus B19 infection and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) due to a gene mutation. The fetus exhibited severe anaemia, hydrops fetalis, ventriculomegaly and brain calcifications.

Tiny Lungs, Big Challenges: Navigating Fetal Pleural Effusion Outcomes, Long Term Follow-up and Implications for Future Pregnancies.

Fetal pleural effusion is a rare condition involving fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity of the fetus. Invasive procedures are required to exclude chromosomal anomalies and infections, as treatment delays can lead to severe fetal complications. We discuss a case where a 30-year-old primigravida presented at 20 weeks gestation with fetal bilateral pleural effusion and mild ascites.

A Novel FNDC1-NAMPT-NAD axis is Implicated in Small and Large-vessel Arterial Disease and Drives Vascular Calcification.

Vascular calcification represents a convergent pathological feature of diverse cardiovascular diseases, yet the upstream molecular programs orchestrating this process remain poorly defined. Here, we uncover 1 (FNDC1) as a previously unrecognized regulator of vascular calcification across both microvascular and macrovascular beds. Integrative transcriptomic profiling of human calciphylaxis lesions and atherosclerotic coronaries identified FNDC1 as one of the most significantly upregulated genes.

Salivary IL-8, CYFRA 21-1, and CD44 for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a global concern, particularly in low-resource environments where invasive diagnostics limit population-wide screening. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential of salivary biomarkers: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), and Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44) in OSCC diagnosis.

Methods: A methodical search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases till December 2024.

Comparison of caudal bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine with caudal bupivacaine and intravenous dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in children: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Caudal block is a part of multimodal analgesic regimen to alleviate pain in pediatric patients undergoing variety of surgeries. This study compares the effectiveness of caudal versus intravenous dexmedetomidine as an additive to caudal bupivacaine for prolonging analgesia in children posted for elective lower abdominal surgeries. The level of sedation and hemodynamic effects through both routes were also compared.

A review on experimental and epidemiological research exploring the pathophysiology and progression of pesticide-induced diabetes mellitus.

Global epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that includes insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and chronic hyperglycemia. DM is known traditionally as lifestyle and genetic predisposition, but the role of environmental pollutants, especially pesticides, has increasingly been at the forefront of attention. Pesticides such as organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates, and pyrethroids are strong endocrine disruptors, disturbing glucose homeostasis by inhibiting insulin signaling pathways, producing oxidative stress, and activating chronic inflammation.

Ethnopharmacological Profile, Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Potential of L. for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders.

(L.) Corrêa, commonly known as the bael fruit tree, is a member of the Rutaceae family and holds significance in Ayurvedic herbal medicine due to its myriad therapeutic properties. This paper seeks to delve into the diverse benefits offered by the bael fruit tree, exploring various plant parts, including leaves, fruit, bark, and seeds, all of which contain bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.

Exploring the Dual Roles of Neural Stem Cells in Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Implications and Opportunities.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is recognized as the most aggressive and lethal form of primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid proliferation and significant resistance to conventional therapies. Recent studies have illuminated the complex role of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) in both the progression and treatment of GBM. This review examines the specific molecular pathways influenced by NSCs, focusing on critical signaling cascades such as Notch, P13K, and SHH, which are implicated in tumor development and maintenance.

Advance Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Alzheimer's Disease: Advancements and Future Perspectives.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss, significantly impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. This manuscript explores various innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing drug delivery to the brain, particularly through the use of nanotechnology. This paper discussed the application of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), dendrimers, and Polymeric Nanoparticles (PNPs) in targeting the Central Nervous System (CNS) to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

Advances in viral vector-based delivery systems for gene therapy: a comprehensive review.

Gene therapy offers a revolutionary approach for treating genetic and acquired disorders by delivering therapeutic genes to target cells. Viral vectors, engineered for efficient gene delivery, have become indispensable due to their high transduction efficiency, enhanced targeting specificity, and minimized immunogenicity. This review explores recent advancements in viral vector platforms, focusing on intracellular trafficking, transgene expression, and strategies to optimize vector design.

Revisiting ultrasonographic soft markers of aneuploidy: A thoughtful analysis in low-risk and screening naïve Indian antenatal women.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of soft markers on second-trimester sonography in low-risk and screening naïve Indian antenatal women and determine their association with aneuploidy. Soft markers were evaluated through ultrasound, and likelihood ratios (LRs) and modified risk (MR) for aneuploidy were calculated. Pregnant women with a MR >1:250 underwent genetic counseling and invasive testing, whereas those with a lower risk received follow-up.

Structure-Guided Development of Mycobacterial Thymidine Monophosphate Kinase (MtbTMPK) Inhibitors: Unlocking New Frontiers in Tuberculosis Research.

Researchers are actively engaged in developing new antitubercular drugs targeting the enzyme Mycobacterial Thymidine Monophosphate Kinase (MtTMPK). This newer target has specificity and selectivity over other thymidylate kinases and especially differs from human thymidylate kinase (hTMPK). Over the last two decades, various potent MtTMPK inhibitors comprised of both nucleoside and non-nucleoside structures have been developed.

Investigating the potential sibling species status of Anopheles fluviatilis in Gadchiroli (Maharastra).

Background Objectives: India has made significant progress in combating malaria and reducing malaria-related mortality and morbidity. Yet, local transmission and malaria hotspots are important hurdles as India looks to achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Gadchiroli district is a highly malaria-endemic area in Maharashtra, India.

Genome-wide cataloging and orthology analysis of long noncoding RNA expression in three species of Anopheles mosquito.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are versatile regulatory molecules that affect cellular phenotypes through context-specific expression. While their role in controlling cellular pathways is well-established in insects, investigating lncRNA expression in Anopheles in a tissue- and species-specific manner could add to our understanding of malaria transmission by this important vector.

Methodology: We performed de novo transcriptome assembly of Anopheles minimus, Anopheles albimanus, and Anopheles arabiensis utilising publicly available RNA-Seq datasets of male reproductive tissues, male carcasses, female reproductive tissues, and female carcasses.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Quantitative Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Substitute or Complement to Conventional Karyotyping for Prenatal Diagnosis.

Background: This study endeavors to assess the efficacy of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) as an alternative adjunctive modality to conventional karyotyping for prenatal diagnostic purposes.

Methods: In this cohort study, 464 pregnant women deemed at high risk for chromosomal aneuploidies within gestational age 12-24 weeks, spanning from January 2020 to May 2023 were enrolled. Analysis was done on 347 women who underwent both QF-PCR and karyotype.

Are children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus prone to psychiatric issues? A cross-sectional comparative study.

Background: Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common chronic disorder, among the children and adolescents, posing both physical and psychological challenges.

Aims: To assess and compare the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with T1DM to healthy controls. Secondly, to evaluate differences in emotional and behavioral problems across various sociodemographic and clinical variables within the T1DM group.