Genomic Prediction Paves Way for the Identification of Multiple Rust Resistant Genotypes in Bread Wheat ( L.).

Over the past two decades, genomic prediction (GP), also known as genomic selection (GS), has been widely adopted in plant and animal breeding programs worldwide. GP is a promising approach that utilizes genomic markers to estimate genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs), facilitating the selection of superior individuals. In this study, we assessed the performance of five GP models- Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP), Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space regression (RKHS) and Bayesian methods (BayesA, BayesB, and BayesC)-for predicting seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf/brown rust (LR), stem/black rust (SR), and yellow/stripe rust (YR) in wheat using a panel of 347 diverse germplasm accessions.

Fluid Restriction Versus No Restrictions in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart's reduced capacity to meet the body's circulatory demands, frequently complicated by fluid overload. This accumulation of fluid contributes significantly to symptoms such as dyspnea, peripheral edema, and fatigue, and is driven by neurohormonal dysregulation involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system. Fluid restriction has long been a cornerstone of HF management, intended to mitigate volume overload, improve symptoms, and prevent hospital readmissions.

Evaluation of antibacterial and antidiarrheal properties of in Albino rats.

The current study reports antibacterial and antidiarrheal activity of aqueous extract of bark (PCAqE) against isolated from drinking water. In antidiarrheal assays, PCAqE (400 mg/kg) reduced defecation frequency by 57.29% and fecal weight to 1.

Therapeutic Potential of Standardized Acalypha indica Extract in MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism in Mice.

Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae) is an herbaceous plant widely distributed worldwide in tropical and warmer regions. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by dopamine deficiency, causing motor dysfunction.

Alterations in chemokine receptor-ligand interactions and costimulatory molecules in DC-NK crosstalk: A novel therapeutic approach for pemphigus vulgaris.

Innate immune cells, particularly natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs), play a crucial role in the immunopathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune blistering disorder. Dysregulation of these innate cells can lead to significant consequences in the adaptive immune response, contributing to disease progression. This study investigates the crosstalk between NK cells and DCs as a potential therapeutic target for PV.

Augmented Reality Integration in Surgery for Craniosynostoses: Advancing Precision in the Management of Craniofacial Deformities.

Craniofacial deformities, particularly craniosynostosis, present significant surgical challenges due to complex anatomy and the need for individualised, high-precision interventions. Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a promising tool in craniofacial surgery, offering enhanced spatial visualisation, real-time anatomical referencing, and improved surgical accuracy. This review explores the current and emerging applications of AR in preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and surgical education within paediatric craniofacial surgery.

Pediatric Maxillofacial Trauma: Machine Learning Based Predictive Modeling to Identify Trauma Patterns.

Aim: To analyze the characteristics of pediatric facial trauma and predict factors influencing them through machine learning algorithms.

Material And Methods: A prospective hospital-based study was carried out between January 2024 and January 2025. All patients up to 15 years of age reporting with maxillofacial trauma formed the sample.

GraftIQ: Hybrid multi-class neural network integrating clinical insight for multi-outcome prediction in liver transplant recipients.

Liver transplant recipients (LTRs) are at risk of graft injury, leading to cirrhosis and reduced survival. Liver biopsy, the diagnostic gold standard, is invasive and risky. We developed a hybrid multi-class neural network (NN) model, 'GraftIQ,' integrating clinician expertise for non-invasive graft pathology diagnosis.

A Comprehensive Review on Plant-Based Medications and Chemical Approaches for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) Psychopharmacotherapy.

Gastrointestinal impairment induced sleep, behavioral and psychiatric disorders were reported in patients of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). These may be life-long neuro-developmental disorders. Standardized diagnostic criteria for ASDs include: restricted and repetitive behavior, ongoing deficiencies in social interaction and communication.

Analysis of current dermatopathology training across U.S. residency programs.

Dermatopathology (DP) is integral to dermatology residency training, aiding in accurate diagnoses and clinical interpretations. This study evaluates the current state of DP education and faculty backgrounds in dermatology residency programs, using information available on 142 ACGME-accredited dermatology residency programs. The focus was on DP training, including dedicated rotations, training years, and duration as well as DP faculty and fellowship opportunities.

A rapid and high-yield method for nucleic acid extraction.

We report a magnetic silica bead-based nucleic acid extraction method which is rapid (6 - 7 min) and efficient (extracts nearly all the nucleic acid in the sample). We call this method SHIFT-SP (Silica bead based HIgh yield Fast Tip based Sample Prep). Factors such as pH during binding of nucleic acid to bead, the mode of bead movement during binding, the duration of binding, pH, temperature and duration of elution affect the final yield of the method.

Machine Learning Models of Early Longitudinal Toxicity Trajectories Predict Cetuximab Concentration and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Survival in the Canadian Cancer Trials Group/AGITG CO.17/20 Trials.

Purpose: Cetuximab (CET), targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, is a systemic treatment option for patients with colorectal cancer. One known predictive factor for CET efficacy is the presence of CET-related rash; other putative toxicity factors include fatigue and nausea. Analysis of early CET-associated toxicities may reveal patient subpopulations that clinically benefit from long-term CET treatment.

Correction: Prevalence and association of musculoskeletal disorders with various risk factors among older Indian adults: Insights from a nationally representative survey.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Ramucirumab and paclitaxel in second or greater lines of therapy in patients with HER2-positive gastroesophageal cancer: a single center study.

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is present in approximately 20-25 of patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). Upon progression on 1st line therapy, ramucirumab and paclitaxel (rampac) is given in ≥2 line setting regardless of HER2 status. We aim to assess whether ramucirumab is associated with better survival in HER2 positive(+) pts compared to those with HER2(-) disease.

Mediation CNN (Med-CNN) Model for High-Dimensional Mediation Data.

Complex biological features such as the human microbiome and gene expressions play a crucial role in human health by mediating various biomedical processes that influence disease progression, such as immune responses and metabolic processes. Understanding these mediation roles is essential for gaining insights into disease pathogenesis and improving treatment outcomes. However, analyzing such high-dimensional mediation features presents challenges due to their inherent structural and correlations, such as the hierarchical taxonomic structures in microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), gene-pathway relationships, and the high dimensionality of the datasets, which complicates mediation analysis.

Investigating Local Sequence-Structural Attributes of Amyloidogenic Light Chain Variable Domains.

Light chain amyloidosis is a medical condition characterized by the aggregation of misfolded antibody light chains into insoluble amyloid fibrils in the target organs, causing organ dysfunction, organ failure, and death. Despite extensive research to understand the factors contributing to amyloidogenesis, accurately predicting whether a given protein will form amyloids under specific conditions remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis to understand the amyloidogenic tendencies within a dataset containing 1828 (348 amyloidogenic and 1480 non-amyloidogenic) antibody light chain variable region (V) sequences obtained from the AL-Base database.

Distribution and association of depression with tobacco consumption among middle-aged and elderly Indian population: nested multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Background: Research on the distribution and association of depression with tobacco consumption among young population is commonly prioritised in India, while studies on tobacco use among middle-aged (45-59 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) adults are noticeably lacking. Thus, we conducted this study with the objectives of estimating the prevalence, distribution and determining the association of depression and tobacco consumption among middle-aged and elderly Indian population; overall and stratified into age group, gender, and geographical location.

Methods: Using dataset from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), a bivariate analysis was conducted among middle-aged (45-59 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) Indians to estimate the prevalence of depression and tobacco consumption.

YAbS: The Antibody Society's antibody therapeutics database.

Therapeutic antibodies have gained prominence in recent years due to their precision in targeting specific diseases. As these molecules become increasingly essential in modern medicine, comprehensive data tracking and analysis are critical for advancing research and ensuring successful clinical outcomes. YAbS, The Antibody Society's Antibody Therapeutics Database, serves as a vital resource for monitoring the development and clinical progress of therapeutic antibodies.

Identification of quantitative trait nucleotides for grain quality in bread wheat under heat stress.

Heat stress is a critical factor affecting global wheat production and productivity. In this study, out of 500 studied germplasm lines, a diverse panel of 126 wheat genotypes grown under twelve distinct environmental conditions was analyzed. Using 35 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays and trait data on five biochemical parameters, including grain protein content (GPC), grain amylose content (GAC), grain total soluble sugars (TSS), grain iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) content, six multi-locus GWAS (ML-GWAS) models were employed for association analysis.

Deep learning-based clustering for endotyping and post-arthroplasty response classification using knee osteoarthritis multiomic data.

Objectives: Primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a heterogeneous disease with clinical and molecular contributors. Biofluids contain microRNAs and metabolites that can be measured by omic technologies. Multimodal deep learning is adept at uncovering complex relationships within multidomain data.

Pharmacophore-based identification and in Silico characterization of microbial metabolites as potential modulators of Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer therapy.

Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, primarily driven by APC mutation and AXIN degradation via Tankyrase, contributes significantly to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis. The accumulation of β-catenin, resulting from the dysregulated ubiquitination, underscores the need for alternative therapeutic strategies targeting Tankyrase and β-catenin. This present study explores microbial metabolites as a source of novel anti-cancer agents, leveraging their unique bioactivity and structural diversity, often exhibiting superior target specificity and lower toxicity than synthetic drugs.

Risk of stroke associated with proton pump inhibitor use among individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for managing gastroesophageal disorders but concerns about their potential association with increased stroke risk have emerged, especially among patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the risk of stroke associated with PPI use, stratified by the presence or absence of pre-existing CVD.

Methods: This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and included studies up to March 2024 from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.