Microbial-Derived Anti-Cancer Compounds: Advances in Drug Discovery, Bioengineering, and Therapeutic Applications.

Introduction: Microbial metabolites represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds with promising anticancer properties. However, conventional drug discovery approaches are time-intensive and resource-demanding.

Methods: Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), molecular docking, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling have been examined for their role in the identification and optimization of microbial metabolites.

Comparison of Segmental Thoracic and Lumbar Subarachnoid Block in Preeclamptic Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: An Open-Label Randomized Trial.

Background Preeclampsia is a serious hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by multi-organ dysfunction and often necessitates cesarean delivery. While spinal anesthesia is preferred for cesarean sections, lumbar subarachnoid block may result in significant hypotension due to extensive sympathetic blockade. Thoracic spinal anesthesia has emerged as a potential alternative with better hemodynamic control.

Advances in Piperazine-based Compounds for Antimicrobial Drug Development: Design, SAR, and Therapeutic Potential.

The rise of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the need for novel therapeutic agents to combat infectious diseases. Among various heterocyclic scaffolds, piperazine has emerged as a promising nucleus in drug discovery due to its structural versatility and ability to enhance bioactivity. This review explores the role of piperazine-based compounds in antimicrobial drug development, focusing on design strategies, Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR), and therapeutic applications.

Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf and Root Parts of Cenchrus biflorus Roxb.

Introduction: Medicines and herbal formulations are derived from different parts of medicinal plants, which are the best-known sources for treating various diseases. This research focuses on assessing the antimicrobial potential of crude extracts from the leaves and roots of Cenchrus biflorus Roxb.

Methods: Methanol, hydroethanol (50:50), and aqueous extracts were obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method.

Advancements in Precision Oncology: Harnessing High-Throughput Screening and Computational Strategies for Targeted Cancer Therapies.

Recent breakthroughs in precision medicine have significantly transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, propelling the development of individualized therapies characterized by enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. This review examines the integration of high-throughput screening techniques with advanced computational methodologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, to expedite drug discovery and optimize treatment protocols in oncology. We explore the efficacy of targeted therapeutics, CAR T-cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, alongside the role of combination therapies and biomarker identification in refining patient-specific treatment strategies.

Assessment of Blockchain Technology in the Improvement of Supply Chain Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry.

Blockchain technology has drawn a lot of interest in the healthcare industry in recent years. Efficient data management is crucial for pharmacies. Blockchain technology is a novel technology that has the potential to make many pharmaceutical processes safer and more transparent.

Evaluation of Pharmacognostical and Anti-Ulcer Potential of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd Seed in Aspirin-Induced Ulcer Rats.

Background: Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., commonly known as Kalijiri, has been used for the treatment of different ailments, including stomach aches, skin diseases, asthma, and cough, and is popular as a powerful anthelmintic agent.

Ethnopharmacological Profile, Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Potential of L. for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders.

(L.) Corrêa, commonly known as the bael fruit tree, is a member of the Rutaceae family and holds significance in Ayurvedic herbal medicine due to its myriad therapeutic properties. This paper seeks to delve into the diverse benefits offered by the bael fruit tree, exploring various plant parts, including leaves, fruit, bark, and seeds, all of which contain bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.

Exploring the Dual Roles of Neural Stem Cells in Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Implications and Opportunities.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is recognized as the most aggressive and lethal form of primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid proliferation and significant resistance to conventional therapies. Recent studies have illuminated the complex role of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) in both the progression and treatment of GBM. This review examines the specific molecular pathways influenced by NSCs, focusing on critical signaling cascades such as Notch, P13K, and SHH, which are implicated in tumor development and maintenance.

Advance Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Alzheimer's Disease: Advancements and Future Perspectives.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss, significantly impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. This manuscript explores various innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing drug delivery to the brain, particularly through the use of nanotechnology. This paper discussed the application of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), dendrimers, and Polymeric Nanoparticles (PNPs) in targeting the Central Nervous System (CNS) to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

Evaluation of the Sedative Activity of Naringenin: In Vivo Study with Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Docking Insights.

This research is designed to investigate the sedative effects of naringenin (NAR) and diazepam against thiopental sodium-induced sleeping mice. NAR (5 and 10 mg kg), diazepam (DZP) (2 mg kg), flumazenil (FLN) (0.1 mg kg), and their combinations are administered intraperitoneally to mice.

Advances in viral vector-based delivery systems for gene therapy: a comprehensive review.

Gene therapy offers a revolutionary approach for treating genetic and acquired disorders by delivering therapeutic genes to target cells. Viral vectors, engineered for efficient gene delivery, have become indispensable due to their high transduction efficiency, enhanced targeting specificity, and minimized immunogenicity. This review explores recent advancements in viral vector platforms, focusing on intracellular trafficking, transgene expression, and strategies to optimize vector design.

Characterizing Intimate Partner Violence-Related Head Trauma in Community-Recruited Women.

Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV)-related head trauma (HT) among cisgender women.

Setting: Three geographic regions across the United States.

Participants: Seventy-two cisgender women aged 18 to 60 years (mean age = 39.

The fNIRS glossary project: a consensus-based resource for functional near-infrared spectroscopy terminology.

Significance: A shared understanding of terminology is essential for clear scientific communication and minimizing misconceptions. This is particularly challenging in rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary domains that utilize functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), where researchers come from diverse backgrounds and apply their expertise in fields such as engineering, neuroscience, and psychology.

Aim: The fNIRS Glossary Project was established to develop a community-sourced glossary covering key fNIRS terms, including those related to the continuous-wave (CW), frequency-domain (FD), and time-domain (TD) NIRS techniques.

Transforming RNA-Based Gene Therapy with Innovative Nanocarriers for siRNA and miRNA Delivery.

The cells have been given precise instructions proprio to the regulation of gene expression by the main genesis of Ryan-based gene therapy, which has revived cancer treatment and other disorders. The difficulty of delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) to a target cell is an enormous task and is often faced by researchers due to characteristic instabilities of these carriers and their poor uptake by the cell membrane. The new developments from nanocarrier technologies offer opportunities for better effectiveness of RNA therapy for its delivery and the effectiveness of the treatment regimen.

Unravelling the epigenetic based mechanism in discovery of anticancer phytomedicine: Evidence based studies.

Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of these processes can result in changes to gene function and the transformation of cells into a malignant state. Cancer is characterized by widespread alterations in the epigenetic landscape, revealing that it involves not only genetic mutations but also epigenetic abnormalities.

Exploring Alzheimer's disease treatment: Established therapies and novel strategies for future care.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, memory impairment, and alterations in behavior. As the predominant etiology of dementia, AD affects millions of individuals worldwide, with its hallmark pathological feature being the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, which disrupt neuronal function and progressively compromise brain structure. Early clinical manifestations often include forgetfulness, disorientation, and social withdrawal.

A survey on labor epidural test dose practices in India.

There is a lack of consensus and uniformity about the test dose in epidurals for labor analgesia. We, therefore, conducted a questionnaire-based survey to assess the current practice in India regarding test-dose for labor epidurals among practicing obstetric anesthetists. A Google form based questionnaire was circulated to 300 members of the Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists (AOA) of India of which 128 (42.

An organophotocatalytic redox-neutral strategy for late-stage drug functionalization with SO gas.

Sulfur dioxide (SO), a widely considered air pollutant, imposes major effects on ecosystems, human health, and the climate. A promising solution combines synthetic chemistry through SO gas capture, transforming it into valuable pharmaceutical and agrochemical products such as sulfonamides, thiosulfonates, sulfonate esters, Direct SO gas capture and its catalytic functionalization are currently limited and require redox-non-neutral transition metal-based catalysts, harsh conditions, and expensive SO substitutes/surrogates in stoichiometric amounts. This work presents a metal-free and redox-neutral organophotocatalytic strategy for direct SO gas capture and its catalytic functionalization with various fine chemicals such as amines, alcohols, and thiols.

Emulgel-Based Formulations of Clobetasol Propionate: Formulation Development, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation.

Topical formulations of corticosteroids, particularly clobetasol propionate (CP), are commonly used to treat a range of dermatological conditions. CP is a potent corticosteroid known for its efficacy in managing inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Emulgel-based formulations of CP have emerged as an innovative approach, offering advantages like improved drug solubility, enhanced skin penetration, and extended drug release.

Advances in Molecular Docking Techniques for Targeting Protein Misfolding in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease, represent a significant global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. Protein misfolding and aggregation, a common pathological hallmark in these disorders, have emerged as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Molecular docking techniques have played a pivotal role in the identification and design of small molecules that can modulate protein misfolding, offering new hope for effective treatments.

An efficient sparse code shrinkage technique for ECG denoising using empirical mode decomposition.

Accurate denoising of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is essential for reliable cardiac diagnostics, but traditional methods often struggle with high-frequency noise and artifacts, leading to potential misinterpretations. It is often impeded by interference such as power line interference (PLI) and Gaussian noise. To address this challenge, we suggest a novel ECG denoising technique that combines empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with wavelet domain sparse code shrinking.

Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-mediated Therapy in Brain Cancer.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of brain cancer due to their unique biological properties, including their ability to home tumor sites, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and exert anti-tumor effects. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying MSC-mediated therapy in brain cancer. We explore the various signalling pathways activated by MSCs that contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, such as the PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch pathways.