Advances in Artemisinin-based Therapies: Innovations in Synthesis, Drug Delivery, and Expanding Therapeutic Applications.

Artemisinin, a natural compound derived from Artemisia annua, has significantly impacted the treatment of malaria and has shown promise in various other therapeutic applications. This review explores the molecular structure of artemisinin and its derivatives, as well as advancements in synthetic and semi-synthetic production methods, and their broader therapeutic effects beyond malaria, including potential uses in cancer, neurological disorders, and viral infections. It also discusses contemporary drug delivery innovations, such as nanoparticles and liposomal systems, which aim to enhance the bioavailability and targeted action of artemisinin, while addressing issues of drug resistance, particularly in parasitic diseases like malaria.

Pharmacological Activity of Scopoletin: Deciphering the Potential of Coumarins in Cognitive Dysfunction.

Numerous therapeutic and culinary species produce scopoletin, a coumarin that is essential for treating a wide range of illnesses as a curative and chemopreventive agent. Globally, chronic illnesses are regarded as a major public health concern. Atypical regulation of various signalling pathways is the primary cause of most of these illnesses, which include cancer, as well as cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological disorders.

Advancements in Precision Oncology: Harnessing High-Throughput Screening and Computational Strategies for Targeted Cancer Therapies.

Recent breakthroughs in precision medicine have significantly transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, propelling the development of individualized therapies characterized by enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. This review examines the integration of high-throughput screening techniques with advanced computational methodologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, to expedite drug discovery and optimize treatment protocols in oncology. We explore the efficacy of targeted therapeutics, CAR T-cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, alongside the role of combination therapies and biomarker identification in refining patient-specific treatment strategies.

Clinical Evidence of Traditional Medicines in Modulating the Immune Response and Diabetic Wound Healing.

Background: Diabetes affects over 537 million people, with 20% developing chronic wounds. These wounds are made worse by inflammation, stress, immune problems, and poor blood vessel growth. Plants like Aloe barbadensis, Nigella sativa, and Moringa oleifera contain compounds that help heal wounds by reducing inflammation, stress, and boosting tissue growth.

Calcium alginate medicated dressing for enhanced absorption in diabetic foot ulcer management.

Diabetic foot problems pose a substantial global health challenge as a major complication of diabetes mellitus. These issues encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting the feet of individuals with diabetes, including neuropathy (nerve damage), peripheral artery disease (impaired blood circulation), foot ulcers, infections, and, in critical situations, amputation. To mitigate the burden of lower extremity amputations, the development of innovative wound dressings and drug delivery systems is crucial.

Exploring the Dual Roles of Neural Stem Cells in Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Implications and Opportunities.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is recognized as the most aggressive and lethal form of primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid proliferation and significant resistance to conventional therapies. Recent studies have illuminated the complex role of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) in both the progression and treatment of GBM. This review examines the specific molecular pathways influenced by NSCs, focusing on critical signaling cascades such as Notch, P13K, and SHH, which are implicated in tumor development and maintenance.

Advance Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Alzheimer's Disease: Advancements and Future Perspectives.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss, significantly impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. This manuscript explores various innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing drug delivery to the brain, particularly through the use of nanotechnology. This paper discussed the application of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), dendrimers, and Polymeric Nanoparticles (PNPs) in targeting the Central Nervous System (CNS) to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

Quality-by-Design (QbD) Assisted Synthesis of Nanoparticle for Efficient Loading, Stabilization, and Intracellular Delivery of Bioactive for the Treatment of Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that induces joint inflammation, cartilage injury, and bone damage. Thus far, methotrexate (MTX) is a primary DMARD drug to treat RA. Despite high efficiency, its clinical application is compromised due to delivery-associated systemic side effects.

An Updated Review on the Complex Association of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Depression.

Introduction: The presence of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression is common, and their complex connection poses difficulties in therapy and affects patient outcomes. Thus, this study aims to examine the complex correlation between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a specific focus on potential biomarkers and innovative therapeutic approaches.

Methods: Publications were considered between 2015-2024 from standard databases like Google Scholar, PUBMED-MEDLINE, and Scopus using standard keywords, "Depression", "cardiovascular disease", "Biomarkers", and "Therapeutic Approaches".

Emulgel-Based Formulations of Clobetasol Propionate: Formulation Development, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation.

Topical formulations of corticosteroids, particularly clobetasol propionate (CP), are commonly used to treat a range of dermatological conditions. CP is a potent corticosteroid known for its efficacy in managing inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Emulgel-based formulations of CP have emerged as an innovative approach, offering advantages like improved drug solubility, enhanced skin penetration, and extended drug release.

Advances in Molecular Docking Techniques for Targeting Protein Misfolding in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease, represent a significant global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. Protein misfolding and aggregation, a common pathological hallmark in these disorders, have emerged as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Molecular docking techniques have played a pivotal role in the identification and design of small molecules that can modulate protein misfolding, offering new hope for effective treatments.

Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-mediated Therapy in Brain Cancer.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of brain cancer due to their unique biological properties, including their ability to home tumor sites, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and exert anti-tumor effects. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying MSC-mediated therapy in brain cancer. We explore the various signalling pathways activated by MSCs that contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, such as the PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch pathways.

AI in Clinical Trials and Drug Development: Challenges and Potential Advancements.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the fastest-growing fields in various industries, including engineering, architecture, medical and clinical research, aerospace, and others. AI, which is a combination of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and human intelligence (HI), is revolutionizing drug discovery and development by making it more cost-effective and efficient. It is also being used in fields such as medicinal chemistry, molecular and cell biology, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, formulation development, and toxicology.

Immune Modulation Strategies in Gene Therapy: Overcoming Immune Barriers and Enhancing Efficacy.

The immune system presents significant obstacles to gene therapy, which has limited its use in treating many illnesses. New approaches are needed to overcome these problems and improve the effectiveness of gene therapy. This study explores several techniques to immune regulation within gene therapy, a cutting-edge discipline that aims to optimise results by fine-tuning the immune response.

Biomarkers and Novel Therapies of Diabetic Neuropathy: An Updated Review.

Diabetic neuropathy is a persistent consequence of the biochemical condition known as diabetes mellitus. As of now, the identification and management of diabetic neuropathy continue to be problematic due to problems related to the safety and efficacy of existing therapies. This study examines biomarkers, molecular and cellular events associated with the advancement of diabetic neuropathy, as well as the existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments employed.

Research on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Involving the Use of and Models and Mechanisms.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive formation of extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation, and impaired antioxidant systems. Early detection and intervention are vital for managing AD effectively.

Objectives: This review scrutinizes both and screening models employed in Alzheimer's disease research.

Comorbidity of Depression and Diabetes: A Literature Review on Systemic Flaws in Healthcare and the Benefits of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment in Primary Care Settings.

Background: The increasing specialization and dispersion of healthcare systems have led to a shortage of resources to address comorbidities. Patients with coexisting mental and physical conditions are disadvantaged, as medical providers often only focus on the patient's mental illness while neglecting their physical needs, resulting in poorer health outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to shed light on the systemic flaws in healthcare systems that contribute to suboptimal health outcomes in individuals with comorbid diseases, including depression and diabetes.

A Comprehensive Review on the Significance of Cysteine in Various Metabolic Disorders; Particularly CVD, Diabetes, Renal Dysfunction, and Ischemic Stroke.

Metabolic disorders have long been a challenge for medical professionals and are a leading cause of mortality in adults. Diabetes, cardiovascular disorders (CVD), renal dysfunction, and ischemic stroke are the most prevalent ailments contributing to a high mortality rate worldwide. Reactive oxygen species are one of the leading factors that act as a fundamental root cause of metabolic syndrome.

Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Non-Invasive Photothermal Therapy of Arthritis.

To date, nanomaterials have been widely used for the treatment and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Amongst various nanomaterials, polymer-based nanomaterials are becoming increasingly popular in nanomedicine due to their functionalised fabrication and easy synthesis, making them biocompatible, cost-effective, biodegradable, and efficient nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs to a specific target cell. They act as photothermal reagents with high absorption in the near-infrared region that can transform near-infrared light into localised heat with fewer side effects, provide easier integration with existing therapies, and offer increased effectiveness.

Graphene-based hybrid nanoparticle of doxorubicin for cancer chemotherapy.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) has the highest prevalence in men and accounts for a high rate of neoplasia-related death. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anti-neoplastic drugs for prostate cancer among others. However, it has low specificity and many side effects and affects normal cells.