Neuropsychological and psychopathological correlates of insight in persons with OCD.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent, distressing obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. In OCD, the level of insight is classified as good, poor, or absent. Poorer insight is associated with a more complex clinical presentation and a poorer prognosis.

Barriers to and Facilitators of Heterosexual Men's Engagement with the PrEP Care Continuum in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.

The HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to spread primarily through heterosexual contact, and in many countries, heterosexual men continue to exhibit a high HIV incidence with resultant morbidity and mortality. While there is a growing recognition of the importance of engaging men in the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of the multilevel influences that modulate heterosexual's men ability to utilize PrEP. We conducted a scoping review to explore emerging research examining the individual-, interpersonal-dyadic, and social-structural barriers and facilitators to PrEP awareness/willingness, uptake, adherence, and persistence in this population.

Nonautonomous Regulation of Tumor Growth.

Upon deregulation of growth control, cells and organs lose their ability to maintain size and function. In addition to autonomous mechanisms, nonautonomous regulators play key roles in controlling tumor growth. In this chapter, we will summarize the work, which identified novel communication factors between the tumor and its microenvironment, and the downstream genetic pathways and outputs of these cell-autonomous and nonautonomous interactions during tumor growth.

The protease inhibitor Nirmatrelvir synergizes with inhibitors of GRP78 to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Nirmatrelvir, the active compound of the drug Paxlovid, inhibits the Main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M, 3CL, NSP5). Its therapeutic application reduces but does not abolish the progression of COVID-19 in humans. Here we report a strong synergy of Nirmatrelvir with inhibitors of the ER chaperone GRP78 (HSPA5, BiP).

Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the oral cavity: a histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnostic conundrum.

Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm of endothelial origin, with limited cases reported in the oral cavity. Its clinical and histopathological features often mimic benign and malignant vascular lesions, posing a diagnostic challenge. The current case report is of a 42 year old male, who presented with a sessile granular growth with ulcerated surface on the palatal gingiva of one year duration.

Barnaculate Carcinoma - A new terminology for the recognition of a histologically familiar entity.

Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakic (PVL) is a recently recognized Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD) with the highest malignant transformation potential. These lesions are often resistant to the treatment and present with varied clinical and histological pictures in their course of progression. The histological spectrum observed in PVL are often confusing attributable to the extensive verrucous surface proliferation rendering an improper histological diagnosis, thus compromising treatment.

Salivary IL-8, CYFRA 21-1, and CD44 for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a global concern, particularly in low-resource environments where invasive diagnostics limit population-wide screening. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential of salivary biomarkers: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), and Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44) in OSCC diagnosis.

Methods: A methodical search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases till December 2024.

Myricetin-bound crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 helicase NSP13 facilitates the discovery of novel natural inhibitors.

The SARS-CoV-2 helicase NSP13 is a highly conserved and essential component of the viral replication machinery, making it a promising target for antiviral drug development. Here, we present the 2 Å resolution crystal structure of NSP13 bound to the natural flavonoid myricetin, revealing a conserved allosteric binding site. Guided by these structural findings, a virtual screening campaign identified the caffeic acid derivatives rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid as potential novel natural inhibitors, which were experimentally validated to inhibit RNA-unwinding activity.

A systematic review on the molecular pathways of Ameloblastic carcinoma when compared to Ameloblastoma.

Background: Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC), malignancy originating from the odontogenic epithelium, shows histological overlap with ameloblastoma (AM). In order to unravel mechanisms driving AC, it is imperative to understand the molecular distinction between these two entities. This systematic review aims to highlight molecular and immunohistochemical markers involved in the pathogenesis of AC and to distinguish it from its histological mimic, AM.

Tale of Ameloblastoma - An Experience Spanning Two Decades.

Introduction: Despite being a benign pathology, ameloblastoma is considered to be locally-aggressive and has a high recurrence-rate. The following study describes the experience in a tertiary care hospital to manage ameloblastoma using treatment modalities based on the site of occurrence and histologic-type and to evaluate recurrence in long term.

Material And Methods: In this 21-year-long retrospective study, 92 patients were followed-up for a minimum period of 5-years (range 5-21 years) to assess the clinical and demographic characteristics, treatment-procedure performed, and outcomes including the recurrence-rate associated with different treatment-strategies for treating ameloblastoma.

Using Structural Competency to Augment Culturally Responsive Research on Mental Health in Neoliberal Context: Ethnographic Reflections.

Culturally responsive methodologies (CRMs) foreground critical engagement, people's voices, and connection with cultural heritage. Similarly, structural competency (SC) advocates for structural humility and cultural safety to address the structural hierarchies and humanize interactions within health care and research settings. In the Global South countries like India, where persistent colonial legacy and neoliberal influences in the post-colonial era continue to dehumanize mental health care and disempower minoritized communities, CRMs are often overlooked.

CT Scans Understage Lymph Nodes in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Background And Objectives: The presence of lymph node metastases in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma provides prognostic information and guides treatment decisions. We sought to determine the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) imaging for clinical nodal staging in patients with resectable gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma and determine a lymph node size cut-off to optimize diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent curative-intent resection for gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma at our institution between 2010 and 2023.

Prospective Evaluation of the Pathologic Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes of Pediatric Burkitt Lymphoma in the Central American Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Association Consortium.

Purpose: Clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of pediatric mature B-cell lymphomas (eg, Burkitt lymphoma [BL]) must be accurate to select appropriate risk-based treatment. The Central American Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Association (AHOPCA) in 2000 implemented standardized, resource-adapted treatments for these lymphomas. We evaluated the concordance of local histopathologic diagnoses through central review, determined the impact on therapy selection, and described the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients with these lymphomas.

Protective Efficacy of Yogurt, Milk, and Fluoridated Tooth Creme Against Acidic Beverages on Human Teeth: Stereomicroscopic and Ultrastructural Analyses.

Acidic beverages can cause significant demineralization and erosive ultrastructural changes in human teeth, while milk and yogurt can prevent dental erosion. This in vitro study aimed to quantify and compare the protective efficacy of yogurt and milk against acidic beverages using stereomicroscopy, weight reduction experiments, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, 24 freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth (preserved in neutral buffered formalin) were randomly divided into four treatment subgroups: yogurt, milk, topical fluoridated tooth cream (TFTC), and unprotected teeth.

Predictors of prognosis and overall survival in pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: A systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of different clinicopathological parameters on the prognosis and survival of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in the pediatric population. It was conducted according to the recommendations of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement). All case reports, case series and observational studies were searched from the following databases: Medline (By PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase.

Morbidity and Mortality Following Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Measuring postoperative outcomes after complex cancer operations such as pancreatectomy is vital to improve cancer surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, such data is often limited. This study aimed to review existing research and obtain baseline estimates for postoperative mortality and morbidity after pancreatic cancer surgery in LMICs.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Global Index Medicus were systematically searched for original articles published between January 2005 and May 2022.

The longitudinal behavioral effects of acute exposure to galactic cosmic radiation in female C57BL/6J mice: Implications for deep space missions, female crews, and potential antioxidant countermeasures.

Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) is an unavoidable risk to astronauts that may affect mission success. Male rodents exposed to 33-beam-GCR (33-GCR) show short-term cognitive deficits but reports on female rodents and long-term assessment are lacking. We asked: What are the longitudinal behavioral effects of 33-GCR on female mice? Also, can an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compound (CDDO-EA) mitigate the impact of 33-GCR? Mature (6-month-old) C57BL/6J female mice received CDDO-EA (400 μg/g of food) or a control diet (vehicle, Veh) for 5 days and Sham-irradiation (IRR) or whole-body 33-GCR (0.

Surveillance and Alert-based Multiparameter Monitoring to Reduce Worsening Heart Failure Events: Results From SCALE-HF 1.

Background: There is a need for better noninvasive remote monitoring solutions that prevent hospitalizations through the early prediction and management of heart failure (HF). SurveillanCe and Alert-Based Multiparameter Monitoring to ReducE Worsening Heart Failure Events (SCALE-HF 1) evaluated the performance of a novel congestion index that alerts to fluid accumulation preceding HF events.

Methods And Results: SCALE-HF 1 was a multicenter, prospective, observational study investigating HF event prediction using data from the cardiac scale.

Identification of antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants via N4-Hydroxycytidine mutagenesis.

Monoclonal antibodies targeting the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are effective against COVID-19 and might mitigate future pandemics. However, their efficacy is challenged by the emergence of antibody-resistant virus variants. We developed a method to efficiently identify such resistant mutants based on selection from mutagenized virus pools.

Transcriptome profiling of pediatric extracranial solid tumors and lymphomas enables rapid low-cost diagnostic classification.

Approximately 80% of pediatric tumors occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where diagnostic tools essential for treatment decisions are often unavailable or incomplete. Development of cost-effective molecular diagnostics will help bridge the cancer diagnostic gap and ultimately improve pediatric cancer outcomes in LMIC settings. We investigated the feasibility of using nanopore whole transcriptome sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE)-derived RNA and a composite machine learning model for pediatric solid tumor diagnosis.

Platelet Angiopoietin-1 Protects Against Murine Models of Tumor Metastasis.

Background: In addition to their fundamental roles in preserving vascular integrity, platelets also contribute to tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. However, despite being a reservoir for angiogenic and metastatic cytokines, platelets also harbor negative regulators of tumor progression. Angpt1 (angiopoietin-1) is a cytokine essential for developmental angiogenesis that also protects against tumor cell metastasis through an undefined mechanism.

Engineering a "muco-trapping" ACE2-immunoglobulin hybrid with picomolar affinity as an inhaled, pan-variant immunotherapy for COVID-19.

Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can act as a decoy molecule that neutralizes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by blocking spike (S) proteins on virions from binding ACE2 on host cells. Based on structural insights of ACE2 and S proteins, we designed a "muco-trapping" ACE2-Fc conjugate, termed ACE2-(GS)-Fc, comprised of the extracellular segment of ACE2 (lacking the C-terminal collectrin domain) that is linked to mucin-binding IgG1-Fc via an extended glycine-serine flexible linker. ACE2-(GS)-Fc exhibits substantially greater binding affinity and neutralization potency than conventional full length ACE2-Fc decoys or similar truncated ACE2-Fc decoys without flexible linkers, possessing picomolar binding affinity and strong neutralization potency against pseudovirus and live virus.