Nipah virus: pathogenesis, genome, diagnosis, and treatment.

The highly infectious Nipah virus (NiV) is classified under the Paramyxoviridae family and is categorized under the genus Henipavirus. NiV spreads to humans through zoonotic transmission from reservoir host bats and other intermediate hosts. It is highly contagious and has a high case fatality rate (CFR) of ~ 40-80%.

Comparison of Intratracheal Dexmedetomidine versus Lignocaine on Attenuating Emergence Cough Response to Extubation in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Intracranial Tumor: A Multi-arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Smooth extubation is crucial for patients undergoing craniotomy. Multiple drug regimens, administered in different doses and via different routes, have been studied to attenuate the emergence of cough response. However, a direct comparison of their relative efficacy remains lacking.

Investigating the potential sibling species status of Anopheles fluviatilis in Gadchiroli (Maharastra).

Background Objectives: India has made significant progress in combating malaria and reducing malaria-related mortality and morbidity. Yet, local transmission and malaria hotspots are important hurdles as India looks to achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Gadchiroli district is a highly malaria-endemic area in Maharashtra, India.

The evolving landscape of Chandipura virus: A comprehensive account of outbreaks to recent advances.

Chandipura virus (CHPV), a member of the family Rhabdoviridae, has garnered attention due to its significant implications on human health, particularly in India, where it has contributed to encephalitis outbreaks. This review provides a full-spectrum analysis of CHPV, detailing its origin, historical context, and geographical distribution, which primarily spans India and parts of Africa. CHPV is predominantly transmitted through infected sandflies, although alternative transmission routes cannot be overruled.

Comparison of safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular and infraclavicular subclavian vein cannulation in intensive care unit patients: A randomized clinical study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the ease, difficulties, and complication rate of subclavian venous catheterization using the supraclavicular (SC) and infraclavicular (IC) approach under real-time ultrasound (USG) guidance in intensive care unit (ICU). The primary objective was to compare total procedure time during USG-guided subclavian vein catheterization.

Methods: This was a prospective randomized comparative study.

Effect of Music Therapy on Anxiety, Stress and Sedative Requirements in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background Music therapy is a safe, non-pharmacological way to help reduce anxiety, especially before surgery. It helps to calm the nervous system, promotes relaxation, and offers comfort by blocking outside noise and distracting from pain. This can be helpful in managing preoperative anxiety and symptoms like hypertension and tachycardia.

Diagnosis of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma with Striking Tubular Hypereosinophilia by MYB and EWSR1 Breakapart Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), associated with MYB/MYBL1 gene rearrangements, shows epithelial and basaloid myoepithelial cells arranged in tubular, cribriform and solid patterns. Variations from this classic morphology make diagnosis challenging, necessitating molecular testing. AdCC with striking tubular hypereosinophilia (AdCC-STE) is one such recently described histological subtype.

Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Background Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is presently the preferred method for managing renal calculi. Visceral pain from the kidney and ureter and somatic pain from the incision site are the primary causes of immediate postoperative pain following PCNL. Poor pain control is associated with unwanted consequences such as patient discomfort, delayed recovery, and prolonged hospital stay.

A Comparative Study of Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block and Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia Following Total Abdominal Hysterectomy.

Background:  Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) results in remarkable postoperative pain. Truncal nerve blocks like the quadratus lumborum (QL) block and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block are described to combat this pain. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the QL block with the TAP block in terms of numeric rating scale (NRS) scores as the primary outcome for postoperative pain in TAH.

Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Single-Shot Epidural Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Surgery.

Background Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and epidural analgesia are two frequently used regional anaesthesia techniques that attenuate postoperative pain after inguinal hernia repair.  Aim To compare the analgesic efficacy between the single-shot epidural block and TAP block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair surgery.  Methods Forty patients of either gender undergoing elective inguinal hernia surgery of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class Ⅰ and Ⅱ were randomly allocated into two groups.

Randomized Comparative Study Between Bilateral Erector Spinae Plane Block and Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Under Ultrasound Guidance for Postoperative Analgesia After Total Abdominal Hysterectomy.

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block has emerged as an effective and safe analgesic regional technique and it also provides visceral pain relief. Our aim was to compare the analgesic efficacy of ESP block over transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block under ultrasound guidance following a total abdominal hysterectomy.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative study.

Comparison of End-Tidal Anesthetic Gas Concentration versus Bispectral Index-Guided Protocol as Directing Tool on Time to Tracheal Extubation for Sevoflurane-Based General Anesthesia.

Background: Modalities for titrating anesthetic drug-like bispectral index (BIS) and end-tidal anesthetic gas (ETAG) concentration in predicting early extubation had been studied with old anesthetic agents such as isoflurane.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of ETAG concentration versus BIS-guided protocol as directing tool on time to tracheal extubation for sevoflurane-based general anesthesia.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind trial studied sixty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classes I and II who received sevoflurane-based general anesthesia and were allocated to either BIS-guided anesthesia group ( = 30) or ETAG-guided anesthesia group ( = 30).

A Comparative Study of Airway Nerve Blocks and Atomized Lidocaine by the Laryngo-Tracheal Mucosal Atomization Device (LMA MADgic) Airway for Oral Awake Fiberoptic Intubation.

Background Awake intubation is used most commonly in patients with a predicted difficult airway. There are situations where the safest method to secure an airway is to place an endotracheal tube in an awake and spontaneously breathing patient. Our aim was to compare the two modalities, airway nerve blocks and atomized lidocaine by the Laryngo-Tracheal Mucosal Atomization Device (LMA MADgic)airway for awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI).

Ultrasound-Guided Intercostal Nerve Block and Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Posted for Open Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Effective postoperative analgesia leads to early mobilization, fewer pulmonary complications, and shorter hospital stay.

Aims: We compared the analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve (ICN) blocks, subcostal transversus abdominis plane (SCTAP) block, and a control group in open cholecystectomy.

Settings And Design: This was a prospective, randomized controlled, double-blind, multi-arm and parallel study.

A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Dexmedetomidine-Midazolam with Fentanyl-Midazolam for Sedation during awake Fiberoptic Intubation in Anticipated Difficult Airway.

Background: Awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation is an effective technique for the management of patients with difficult airways. Adequate sedation with effective topicalization of the airway is important to overcome discomfort and achieve intubation successfully.

Aim And Objectives: Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine-midazolam with fentanyl-midazolam infusion for providing conscious sedation during fibreoptic intubation in patients with anticipated difficult airway under topical anaesthesia.

Comparative Study of Preoperative Airway Assessment by Conventional Clinical Predictors and Ultrasound-Assisted Predictors.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of airway sonographic parameters as the predictors of difficult laryngoscopy and to evaluate the validity of combined sonographic and clinical tests.

Materials And Methods: This prospective and observational study analyzed a sample of 200 patients who were categorized as having easy (Grades 1 and 2) or difficult (Grades 3 and 4) laryngoscopy based on the laryngoscopic criteria of Cormack-Lahane (CL). Sonographic parameters, including the anterior neck soft-tissue thickness at the level of vocal cord (ANS-VC), ANS tissue thickness at the level of hyoid, and ratio of depth of pre-epiglottic space to distance from epiglottis to midpoint of the distance between vocal cords and clinical parameters, including modified Mallampati class, thyromental distance, and hyomental distance ratio (HMDR), were analyzed.

Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Bupivacaine alone and with Dexmedetomidine in Wound Instillation for Lumbar Laminectomy: A Randomized Control Trial.

Background: Dexmedetomidine has been used as an effective adjuvant to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks and at the incision site.

Aims: We compared the postoperative analgesic effect of bupivacaine alone and in addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in wound instillation during lumbar laminectomy.

Setting And Design: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized control trial.

Study of Wound Instillation Technique for Effective Postoperative Analgesia using Ropivacaine in Lumbar Spine Surgery.

Background: Instillation of local anaesthetics over incision site is a simple technique done as a part of multimodal analgesia targetting incisional pain for post-operative pain relief following lumbar laminectomy.

Aim: To determine postoperative analgesic effect of ropivacaine in wound instillation for lumbar laminectomy.

Study Design: Prospective, randomised, double blind study.