Genomic Prediction Paves Way for the Identification of Multiple Rust Resistant Genotypes in Bread Wheat ( L.).

Over the past two decades, genomic prediction (GP), also known as genomic selection (GS), has been widely adopted in plant and animal breeding programs worldwide. GP is a promising approach that utilizes genomic markers to estimate genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs), facilitating the selection of superior individuals. In this study, we assessed the performance of five GP models- Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP), Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space regression (RKHS) and Bayesian methods (BayesA, BayesB, and BayesC)-for predicting seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf/brown rust (LR), stem/black rust (SR), and yellow/stripe rust (YR) in wheat using a panel of 347 diverse germplasm accessions.

Development, Characterization, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Stability Evaluation of a Miconazole Nitrate Nanocrystal-loaded Hydrogel for Topical Application.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop, characterize, optimize, and evaluate the in vitro ex vivo drug release and stability of miconazole nitrate (MN)-loaded nanocrystal for topical drug delivery. MN is an antifungal agent with poor oral bioavailability and significant first-pass metabolism, necessitating alternative administration routes. Nanoformulations with lipidic/polymeric nanoparticles can overcome conventional system formulation limitations.

Multivariate assessment of morpho-biochemical and bioactive diversity in Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels for the selection of superior genotype and breeding applications.

BACKGROUND JAMUN: [Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels] is an underutilized fruit crop in India, despite having numerous medicinal and nutritional benefits. Although the Indian subcontinent harbours a vast natural population of Jamun, limited knowledge exists regarding superior genotypes.

Status of continuation of spectacle use among school children in selected districts of eastern Nepal: A retrospective study.

Purpose: Many school-going children experience physical, social, and academic challenges due to uncorrected refractive errors. This study aims to uncover the prevalence of spectacle compliance, identify factors that encourage regular use, and explore the barriers that lead to non-compliance.

Methods: A retrospective exploratory study assessed compliance with free spectacles provided through the REACH project after three months of spectacles being dispensed.

Targeting : identification of potential phytochemicals from traditional plants against glucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase (GpgP).

Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmissible disease that causes severe infections in adults as well as in infants, as they have immature immune systems. Lungs are the main site for pulmonary TB infection, although TB can affect other parts like lymph nodes, bone, joints, etc., which is known as extrapulmonary TB.

Precision Assay for Detection and Quantification of Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen Antibodies Using Indirect ELISA.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or gamma-selenoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3) is a glycoprotein enzyme secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate glands. It plays a crucial role in male fertility and is commonly used as a marker of prostate cancer. Antibodies to PSA anti-gen might play a role in male immune infertility.

Targeted Nasal Route Delivery of Cationic Anti-TB Drug-Loaded Nano-embedded Microparticles for Mycobacterial Elimination in the CNS.

Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is a severe and insidious form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) associated with a high mortality rate, often leading to fatal outcomes or debilitating neurological impairments. The therapeutic regimen for CNS-TB follows an approach similar to that of pulmonary TB but faces significant challenges in effectively reaching the cerebrospinal fluid and achieving therapeutic drug levels in the brain and surrounding fluids. A major obstacle in CNS-TB treatment is the difficulty in permeating the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Assessing HIV-1 subtype C infection dynamics, therapeutic responses and reservoir distribution using a humanized mouse model.

Introduction: While HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) is the most prevalent and widely distributed subtype in the HIV pandemic, nearly all current prevention and therapeutic strategies are based on work with the subtype B (HIV-1B). HIV-1C displays distinct genetic and pathogenic features from that of HIV-1B. Thus, treatment approaches developed for HIV-1B need to be suitably optimized for HIV-1C.

Effects of Asiatic acid on brain cancer by altering astrocytes and the AKT1-PRKCB signaling pathway: A genomic and network pharmacology perspective.

The most common primary brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), currently has a dismal prognosis because of its fast growth and dissemination. Recent research indicates that Asiatic acid (AA), which is extracted from Trema orientalis L., has potential as a medicinal agent.

Clinical Epidemiology of Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of 3705 Consecutive Patients Treated at a Level I Trauma Center.

Background: Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries like India, where road traffic injuries (RTIs) dominate. Despite advancements in medical technology, trauma care remains underdeveloped due to resource limitations, inadequate pre-hospital care, and poor compliance with safety measures. This study aimed to analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile of trauma patients and develop strategies for effective trauma prevention and management.

Perception of Dental Caries Risk and Preventive Strategies Among Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment significantly improves dental aesthetics, occlusal function, and overall oral health. However, maintaining optimal oral hygiene during treatment is challenging because of plaque accumulation around brackets, wires, and bands, which increases the risk of dental caries. Patient perceptions of caries risk and preventive strategies influence their adherence to oral hygiene measures.

ILAM: Cross-Fusion of Latent and Attention Features for Explainable Medical Image Classification.

Accurate and interpretable AI models play a critical role in medical image analysis. However, despite advancements in explainable AI (XAI), existing methods struggle with inconsistent interpretability. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the Integrated Latent and Attention Mapping (ILAM) framework, which enhances both classification accuracy and explainability by fusing local and global feature representations.

Comparative Study of Cold Sensation, Pinprick, and Perfusion Index in Evaluating the Quality of Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: An Observational Study.

Background Ultrasound (USG)-guided brachial plexus block has become the preferred method for surgeries of the upper limb as it reduces the risks of pneumothorax, nerve injury, and local anesthetic toxicity. An objective, noninvasive technique for evaluating the block's effectiveness is the perfusion index (PI). An increased PI suggests a successful brachial plexus block.

Genetic dissection of leaf rust resistance in a diversity panel of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum).

Background: Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks (Pt) is a major threat to wheat cultivation worldwide. The rapid evolution of this pathogen has led to the emergence of new virulent strains that can overcome the resistance of commonly cultivated wheat varieties. To address this threat, continuous monitoring of leaf rust pathotypes is conducted in wheat-growing regions across the world.

Dry powder Inhalation of lytic mycobacteriophages for adjunct therapy in a mouse model of infection with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis.

Inhaled therapy of tuberculosis (TB) by a Dry Powder Inhalation (DPI) comprising mycobacteriophage D29 and TM4 was non-inferior to oral anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) with isoniazid and rifampicin in a mouse model of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). No pharmaceutical phage product of mycobacteriophages is approved for large-scale production. We scaled up preparation and downstream processing of phages, developed DPI formulations, and established methods for determining identity, purity, assay, stability, and critical quality attributes (CQA).

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Indian blackberry (Syzygium cumini L.) using CAAT box‑derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) markers.

Indian blackberry (Syzygium cumini L.) also known as jamun is a very important underutilized fruit crop with notable medicinal and economic value. However, its genetic improvement has been constrained by limited knowledge of the genetic diversity within existing collections.

In silico screening and molecular dynamics analysis of natural DHPS enzyme inhibitors targeting Acinetobacter baumannii.

Over time, antimicrobial agents are losing their credibility in curbing infections due to the development of resistant pathogen strains. The resistant strains have proven to invade living beings and cause various diseases, leading to deaths at an alarming rate. Acinetobacter baumannii is one such pathogen, and to target it through enzyme inhibition, Dihydropteroate synthase enzyme's active site is virtually screened for antimicrobial agents against in-house libraries of natural molecules from medicinally important plants and Agaricus spp.

Computational insights into the inhibition of cell division in Staphylococcus aureus: Towards novel therapeutics.

Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium, causes infective endocarditis, osteoarticular, skin, and respiratory infections. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has caused a 21-35 % rise in bloodstream infections, complicating treatment strategies. Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ), a critical protein involved in bacterial cell division, forms a Z-ring at the division site, making it a key target for novel antibacterial therapies.

S-nitrosylation-triggered secretion of mycobacterial PknG leads to phosphorylation of SODD to prevent apoptosis of infected macrophages.

The tuberculosis-causing agent (M.tb) establishes its niche inside macrophages by secretion of several virulence factors and engaging many host factors. Mycobacterial infection of macrophages results in a proinflammatory trigger-mediated secretion of TNFα.

Effect of Mind Sound Resonance Technique (MSRT) on Cognitive and Psychophysiological Functions in College Students: A Randomised Controlled Study.

Background: College students face stressors like academic workload, competition, time management and financial concerns, which affect their psychological, physiological and cognitive functions. Meditation techniques can help mitigate these challenges.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the influence of the Mind Sound Resonance Technique (MSRT), a meditation method, on cognitive functions and psychophysiological variables among college students.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of WRKY gene family in grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) under salinity and drought stresses.

Background: The WRKY gene family plays a significant role in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the role of the WRKY gene family has not been reported in Amaranthus hypochondriacus. This study presents a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family in grain amaranth (A.

A near infrared light activated phenothiazine based cancer cell specific phototherapeutic system: a synergistic approach to chemo-photothermal therapy.

In the pursuit of more effective cancer therapies, phototherapy has emerged as a promising approach due to its non-invasive nature and high precision. This study presents the development of a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive phenothiazine (PTZ) based phototherapeutic system designed for targeted cancer treatment. This phototherapeutic system integrates four crucial elements for enhanced therapeutic efficacy: cancer cell-specific activity, mitochondrial targeting, photothermal conversion, and controlled drug release.

Formulation Development and Permeation Studies of Vancomycin Hydrochloride-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Incorporated Thermoresponsive In-Situ Gel: A Box-Behnken Design Implemented Approach for Ocular Delivery in Endophthalmitis.

Background: Endophthalmitis, an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavity, poses a significant challenge in ophthalmology due to its rapid progression and potential for vision loss. Conventional treatment modalities, such as systemic antibiotics or oral administration, often face limitations in achieving the required therapeutic levels at the target site. Hence, repeated intravitreal injections of antibiotics are currently the most preferred and recommended therapy for the management of endophthalmitis, which is an invasive technique and has certain shortcomings, elevated intraocular pressure, bleeding inside the eye, heightened likelihood of retinal detachment, retinal toxicity, and many more.

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics of Clofazimine Nano-in-Microparticles: Enhanced Brain Delivery and CNS Tuberculosis Amelioration via Intranasal Administration.

(Mtb) demonstrates a proclivity for infecting extrapulmonary sites, notably the brain. Treating these extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) manifestations is challenging due to the difficulty of drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Clofazimine (CLF) has exhibited promising activity against Mtb, including multidrug-resistant variants, in vitro and in preclinical animal models.

SDG8 and HUB2 depositing euchromatin histone marks play important roles in meiosis and crossing-over regulation.

Histone modifications play critical roles in plant growth and development. Crossing-over (CO) during meiosis, which constitutes a fundamental process ensuring sexual transmission of genetic material to the next generation and, meanwhile, generating diversity within species by creating new chromosome/allele combinations, occurs predominantly in euchromatin, which is enriched in active histone marks such as H3K4me3, H3K36me3, and H2Bub1. In plants, it is known that CO hotspots are correlated with H3K4me3 but the role of H3K36me3 and H2Bub1 during meiosis remains elusive so far.