Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Molecular Property Prediction via Refresh Learning and Pareto Optimization.

Continual Learning (CL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to new episodes and data streams without forgetting previously acquired knowledge, a critical requirement for dynamic fields like Molecular property Prediction (MP). LLMs, however, often face Catastrophic Forgetting (CF), where learning new information erodes prior knowledge, particularly when data distributions shift significantly between episodes, as seen in chemical, genomic, and proteomic datasets. To address CF, the existing replay-based techniques use memory buffers to store past episode data but often overlook the relationships between episodes, resulting in sub-optimal performance when revisiting earlier episodes.

Forecasting road traffic accidents in India: a SARIMAX approach incorporating COVID-19 effects.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain a significant public health challenge in India, causing substantial fatalities, injuries, and economic losses. Despite global improvements in road safety, India's performance has been subpar, accounting for a significant portion of the worldwide number of road fatalities. Between 2012 and 2022, RTA-related deaths in India rose by 23%, contrasting with a 5% global decline.

Evaluation of Self-vision Assessment Charts in Schools of Eastern Nepal: A Multi Method Study.

Introduction: Globally, over two billion people suffer from vision impairment, almost half preventable. In Nepal, the Eastern Regional Eye Care Program introduced self-vision assessment charts in 137 schools for early eye issue detection. This study assessed the charts' use and perceived impact.

Efficient deep learning model for classifying lung cancer images using normalized stain agnostic feature method and FastAI-2.

Background: Lung cancer has the highest global fatality rate, with diagnosis primarily relying on histological tissue sample analysis. Accurate classification is critical for treatment planning and patient outcomes.

Methods: This study develops a computer-assisted diagnosis system for non-small cell lung cancer histology classification, utilizing the FastAI-2 framework with a modified ResNet-34 architecture.

Machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence to predict and interpret lead toxicity in pregnant women and unborn baby.

Introduction: Lead toxicity is a well-recognised environmental health issue, with prenatal exposure posing significant risks to infants. One major pathway of exposure to infants is maternal lead transfer during pregnancy. Therefore, accurately characterising maternal lead levels is critical for enabling targeted and personalised healthcare interventions.

Evaluating heat and drought resilience in ancient Indian Dwarf wheat Triticum sphaerococcum Percival using stress tolerance indices.

This study is the first to characterize the ancient wheat landrace Triticum sphaerococcum for drought and heat tolerance indices. A total of 116 T. sphaerococcum accessions and 6 bread wheat cultivars were evaluated under terminal heat (late sowing) and drought (restricted irrigation) stress during the 2021-22 (CS1) and 2022-23 (CS2) cropping seasons.

ILAM: Cross-Fusion of Latent and Attention Features for Explainable Medical Image Classification.

Accurate and interpretable AI models play a critical role in medical image analysis. However, despite advancements in explainable AI (XAI), existing methods struggle with inconsistent interpretability. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the Integrated Latent and Attention Mapping (ILAM) framework, which enhances both classification accuracy and explainability by fusing local and global feature representations.

Impact of feeding Murraya koenigii and Aegle marmelos leaves on metabolic and reproductive performance in crossbred cows.

The study was carried out to ascertain the effect of feeding herbal formulation (A. marmelos and M. koenigii) on metabolic profile and reproductive performance of crossbred cows.

Transcriptional Reprogramming Deploys a Compartmentalized 'Timebomb' in Catharanthus roseus to Fend Off Chewing Herbivores.

The evolutionary arms race between plants and insects has led to key adaptive innovations that drive diversification. Alkaloids are well-documented anti-herbivory compounds in plant chemical defences, but how these specialized metabolites are allocated to cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses concomitantly is largely unknown. To examine how plants prioritize their metabolic resources responding to herbivory and cold, we integrated dietary toxicity bioassay in insects with co-expression analysis, hierarchical clustering, promoter assay, and protein-protein interaction in plants.

Morpho-molecular evaluation for developmental competence of oocytes retrieved through transvaginal ovum pick-up from FSH-stimulated Tharparkar donor cows ().

The study was conducted on indigenous Tharparkar cow () to evaluate FSH stimulation on follicular attributes, oocyte recovery and morpho-molecular developmental competence parameters concerning oocyte quality. A total of 20 OPU sessions were performed, which included 10 sessions in each FSH stimulated at the dose of 130 µg divided into four sub-doses and non-stimulated. Findings on the size of follicles having ≥6 mm showed a significantly higher, however an opposite trend was observed in the case of smaller sized follicle (<6 mm) between stimulated and non-stimulated respectively.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated regulation of plant specialized metabolism.

Post-transcriptional and post-translational modification of transcription factors (TFs) and pathway enzymes significantly affect the stress-stimulated biosynthesis of specialized metabolites (SMs). Protein phosphorylation is one of the conserved and ancient mechanisms that critically influences many biological processes including specialized metabolism. The phosphorylation of TFs and enzymes by protein kinases (PKs), especially the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), is well studied in plants.

Performance analysis of partially shaded high-efficiency mono PERC/mono crystalline PV module under indoor and environmental conditions.

The ever-increasing demand for sustainable energy has drawn attention towards photovoltaic efficiency and reliability. In this context, the shading and associated hotpot degradation within PV modules has become an important area of research and development. The experimental approach of this paper aims to investigate single cell shading in high efficiency monocrystalline silicon PV PERC modules.

Nanosilica polyamidoamine dendrimers for enhanced direct air CO capture.

Exploring efficient systems to recover CO from the atmosphere could be a way to address the global carbon emissions issue. Herein, we report the synthesis of nanosilica (NS) functionalized with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (NS-PAMAM) as efficient adsorbents for CO capture under simulated direct air capture (DAC) (400 ppm CO in helium at 30 °C) and indoor air (≥400 ppm, 50 ± 3% RH at 30 °C) conditions. The results inferred that the 1 (NS-G1.

Developing a roadmap to reach and sustain 90% full immunization coverage through a cross-sectoral system strengthening strategy in Bihar, India.

Introduction: Reducing childhood mortality by curtailing the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases is contingent upon a robust and high-performing routine immunization system. According to the available data, the full immunization coverage (FIC) in the state of Bihar (India) has reached ~ 71%. While the government aspires to reach 90% FIC, a systematic evidence-based investigation of the reasons behind underimmunization as well as the identification of drivers and enablers to reach and sustain 90% FIC is critical.

Discovering novel genomic regions explaining adaptation of bread wheat to conservation agriculture through GWAS.

To sustainably increase wheat yield to meet the growing world population's food demand in the face of climate change, Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a promising approach. Still, there is a lack of genomic studies investigating the genetic basis of crop adaptation to CA. To dissect the genetic architecture of 19 morpho-physiological traits that could be involved in the enhanced adaptation and performance of genotypes under CA, we performed GWAS to identify MTAs under four contrasting production regimes viz.

A novel framework based on explainable AI and genetic algorithms for designing neurological medicines.

The advent of the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by artificial intelligence (AI) as its central component, has resulted in the mechanization of numerous previously labor-intensive activities. The use of in silico tools has become prevalent in the design of biopharmaceuticals. Upon conducting a comprehensive analysis of the genomes of many organisms, it has been discovered that their tissues can generate specific peptides that confer protection against certain diseases.

Optimizing coal mine planning and design for sustainable development in the context of mass exploitation of coal deposits.

Sustainable mining practices is a concept that embeds the principles of sustainable development into the whole mine life-cycle, from exploration, extraction and processing through to mine closure. The optimization of coal mine planning and the developing a standardized design for its sustainable development is very challenging and requires more effort. The present research attempts to address the conditions of sustainability and necessary measures for sustainable development, thereby providing appropriate solutions for each stage of mining operation besides expressing the necessity of sustainable development integration at different stages of mining life cycle (MLC).

Studies on pollen micro-morphology, pollen storage methods, and cross-compatibility among grape ( spp.) genotypes.

The knowledge of pollen morphology, suitable storage condition, and species compatibility is vital for a successful grapevine improvement programme. Ten grape genotypes from three different species, , L., Roxb.

Recent progress in molecular transition metal catalysts for hydrogen production from methanol and formaldehyde.

Hydrogen is considered as a potential alternative and sustainable energy carrier, but its safe storage and transportation are still challenging due to its low volumetric energy density. Notably, C1-based substrates, methanol and formaldehyde, containing high hydrogen contents of 12.5 wt% and 6.

Exploring the genotype-environment interaction of bread wheat in ambient and high-temperature planting conditions: a rigorous investigation.

The current study is carried out to find out the stable wheat genotype in ambient and high temperature planting conditions. The objective was to estimate the genotype x environment interactions through various univariates and multivariate techniques. Twenty wheat genotypes were evaluated at Jabalpur, Narmadapuram, and Sagar districts of Madhya Pradesh, India, across cropping years 2019-20 and 2021-21, considering both timely and late planting conditions.

Kisspeptin stimulates oestradiol biosynthesis by upregulating steroidogenic transcripts and proliferation markers in the bubaline granulosa cells in vitro.

Kisspeptin (Kp), an upstream regulator of GnRH release, is essential for the development and function of reproductive axis. Previously, we demonstrated the localization of Kp and its receptor (Kiss1r) in the active follicle in the bubaline ovary. Present study aimed to determine the effect of Kp on granulosa cell (GCs) functions, especially oestradiol (E ) and progesterone (P ) production, and differential expression of genes regulating the proliferation, apoptosis and steroidogenesis in the buffalo.

Computer-assisted interpretation, in-depth exploration and single cell type annotation of RNA sequence data using k-means clustering algorithm.

At now, the majority of approaches rely on manual techniques for annotating cell types subsequent to clustering the data obtained from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). These approaches require a significant amount of physical exertion and depend substantially on the user's skill, perhaps resulting in uneven outcomes and inconsistency in treatment. In this paper, we provide a computer-assisted interpretation of every single cell of a tissue sample, along with an in-depth exploration of an individual cell's molecular, phenotypic and functional attributes.

Recent Developments in Reversible CO Hydrogenation and Formic Acid Dehydrogenation over Molecular Catalysts.

Carbon dioxide (CO), a valuable feedstock, can be reutilized as a hydrogen carrier by hydrogenating CO to formic acid (FA) and releasing hydrogen by FA dehydrogenation in a reversible manner. Notably, FA is liquid at room temperature and can be stored and transported considerably more safely than hydrogen gas. Herein, we extensively reviewed transition-metal-based molecular catalysts explored for reversible CO hydrogenation and FA dehydrogenation.