Optimizing fatty acids composition in meat-like tissue derived from myogenic conversion of pig fibroblasts.

Fibroblasts are abundant throughout the body and easily accessible without animal sacrifice. They possess the ability to proliferate and differentiate into muscle and fat tissues, as well as to produce extracellular matrix components, making them ideal for cultured meat production. In this study, we utilized the pig fibroblasts as seed cells and conducted myogenic/lipogenic transdifferentiation in 3D to create a muscle/fat matrix constituting whole-cut meat within 9 days.

Electronic Structure Regulation of Fe sites by Coordinating Moieties in the Fenton-like Process Enables Tunable Water Decontamination.

The electronic configuration modulation of active sites is critical to control the catalytic mechanism in the Fenton-like process as it offers a promising strategy for tunable water decontamination. Herein, electronic density-dependent catalysts based on FeOCl with externally coordinated moieties were fabricated to fulfill the switching of the catalytic oxidation mechanism in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based Fenton-like reactions. The experimental results indicate that the catalytic activity and reaction mechanism vary with the changes in electronic density around the Fe site, which determines the contributions of radical and nonradical mechanisms, thus achieving selective or nonselective oxidation.

Topological Insulators Boost Ultralow-Power Neuromorphic Spintronics: Advancing Handwritten Digit Recognition with High SOT Efficiency.

Neuromorphic spintronics devices driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT) offer advantages in integration density, durability, and scalability for high-performance artificial intelligence systems. However, the development of ultralow-power neuromorphic computing is hindered by the low SOT efficiency ( < 1) in conventional heavy metals. In this work, we demonstrate low-power artificial synapses and neuron devices that simultaneously achieve long-term potentiation/depression and excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic potential processes with an ultralow activation current density of 1.

Lipid Droplet-Derived Biomimetic Nanocarriers for the Enhancement of Porcine Intermuscular Fat Content.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a critical factor influencing the quality and palatability of pork. However, established breeding and nutritional methods lead to systemic fat deposition. The efficient and specific methods to increase IMF content in livestock remain a challenge.

Hydrogen-Releasing Micromaterial Dressings: Promoting Wound Healing by Modulating Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Through Wnt/β-Catenin and TGF-β/Smad Pathways.

: Wound healing is a complex and intricate biological process that involves multiple systems within the body and initiates a series of highly coordinated responses to repair damage and restore integrity and functionality. We previously identified that breathing hydrogen can significantly inhibit early inflammation, activate autologous stem cells, and promote the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the broader functions and downstream targets of hydrogen-induced ECM accumulation and tissue remodeling are unknown in the wound-healing process.

LncRNA SNHG1 regulates muscle stem cells fate through Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Background: Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) played an important role in maintaining the proper function of muscle tissues. In adults, they normally remained in a quiescent state and activated upon stimulation to undergo self-renewal or myogenic differentiation. This process was complexly regulated by cytokines, and the molecular mechanisms that promoted MuSCs activation remained largely unknown.

Study of the vibration frequency characteristics of tectonic coal containing assemblages at different loading rates.

To reduce the vibration frequency superimposed on the original vibration frequency of a coal seam containing structural coal, damage to the coal structure should be reduced, and the occurrence of coal and natural gas outburst accidents should be prevented. Therefore, the influence of different loading rates on the vibration frequency of structural coal assemblages is studied. In this paper, an HG-01 equipment vibration frequency test system is used, and the percussion method is used to determine the influence of different structural coal ratios on the inherent vibration frequency of the combined sample.

Evolution of static fracture mechanics and energy dissipation characteristics of composites based on different interface angles.

This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties and energy characteristics of coal-rock combinations during uniaxial compression, specifically focusing on variations in interface inclination angles. Each of the stress-strain curves of the CRC (Coal-Rock-Like Material Combination) with varying interface inclination angles were obtained using the DYD-10 universal testing machine and a high-definition camera system. Subsequently, the energy of the CRC was calculated using a specific formula.

Elevated EBF2 in mouse but not pig drives the progressive brown fat lineage specification via chromatin activation.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, but it is absent in some mammals, including pigs. During development, BAT progenitors are derived from paired box 7 (Pax7)-expressing somitic mesodermal stem cells, which also give rise to skeletal muscle. However, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the fate decisions between brown fat and muscle progenitors remain elusive across species.

The geographical distribution of the family-genetic risk score for drug use disorder in Sweden and its co-localization with areas of social deprivation.

Background: Drug use Disorder (DUD), the risk for which is substantially influenced by both genetic and social factors, is geographically concentrated in high-risk regions. An important step toward understanding this pattern is to examine geographical distributions of the genetic liability to DUD and a key demographic risk factor - social deprivation.

Methods: We calculated the mean family genetic risk score (FGRS) for DUD ((FGRS) and social deprivation for each of the 5983 areas Demographic Statistical Areas (DeSO) for all of Sweden and used geospatial techniques to analyze and map these factors.

GSTA1/CTNNB1 axis facilitates sorafenib resistance via suppressing ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The emergence of sorafenib resistance has become a predominant impediment and formidable dilemma in the therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the approval of next-generation drugs as alternatives to sorafenib is a significant development, the concurrent use of inhibitors that target additional key molecular pathways remains an effective strategy to mitigate the acquisition of resistance. Here, we identified Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 1 (GSTA1) as a critical modulator of sorafenib resistance (SR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on our findings from experiments conducted on recurrent liver cancer tissues, xenograft mouse models, organoids, and sorafenib-resistant cells.

Spatial Machine Learning for Exploring the Variability in Low Height-For-Age From Socioeconomic, Agroecological, and Climate Features in the Northern Province of Rwanda.

Childhood stunting is a serious public health concern in Rwanda. Although stunting causes have been documented, we still lack a more in-depth understanding of their local factors at a more detailed geographic level. We cross-sectionally examined 615 height-for-age prevalence observations in the Northern Province of Rwanda, linked with their related covariates, to explore the spatial heterogeneity in the low height-for-age prevalence by fitting linear and non-linear spatial regression models and explainable machine learning.

Application of Non-Pharmacologic Therapy in Hair Loss Treatment and Hair Regrowth.

Purpose: Alopecia significantly affects the appearance and psychology of patients, and pharmacological therapies and hair transplantation are the main treatments for alopecia, but both have limitations. This review aimed to summarize the non-pharmacological therapies that promote hair growth and regeneration.

Patients And Methods: This is a non-systematic review.

Incarvine C and its analogues inhibit the formation of cell cytoskeleton by targeting Rac1.

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) has emerged as a key regulator in the treatment of cancer metastasis because of its involvement in the formation of cell plate pseudopods and effects on cell migration. In this study, we found that incarvine C, a natural product isolated from Incarvillea sinensis, and its seven analogues exhibited antitumour activity by inhibiting cell cytoskeleton formation, with moderate cytotoxicity. Accordingly, these compounds inhibited the cytoskeleton-mediated migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, with inhibition rates ranging from 37.

Retinoic acid signalling inhibits myogenesis by blocking MYOD translation in pig skeletal muscle cells.

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient in animals, playing important roles in animal health. In the pig industry, proper supplementation of vitamin A in the feed can improve pork production performance, while deficiency or excessive intake can lead to growth retardation or disease. However, the specific molecular mechanisms through which vitamin A operates on pig skeletal muscle growth as well as muscle stem cell function remain unexplored.

How do taxi drivers expose to fine particulate matter (PM) in a Chinese megacity: a rapid assessment incorporating with satellite-derived information and urban mobility data.

Background: Taxi drivers in a Chinese megacity are frequently exposed to traffic-related particulate matter (PM) due to their job nature, busy road traffic, and urban density. A robust method to quantify dynamic population exposure to PM among taxi drivers is important for occupational risk prevention, however, it is limited by data availability.

Methods: This study proposed a rapid assessment of dynamic exposure to PM among drivers based on satellite-derived information, air quality data from monitoring stations, and GPS-based taxi trajectory data.

Advancing glioblastoma treatment by targeting metabolism.

Alterations in cellular metabolism are important hallmarks of glioblastoma(GBM). Metabolic reprogramming is a critical feature as it meets the higher nutritional demand of tumor cells, including proliferation, growth, and survival. Many genes, proteins, and metabolites associated with GBM metabolism reprogramming have been found to be aberrantly expressed, which may provide potential targets for cancer treatment.

Target silencing of porcine SPAG6 and PPP1CC by shRNA attenuated sperm motility.

The quality of sperm significantly influences the reproductive efficiency of pig herds. High-quality sperm is necessary for efficient fertilization and to maximize the litter numbers in commercial pig farming. However, the understanding of genes regulating porcine sperm motility and viability is limited.

First-principle study on the photoelectric properties of monolayer h-BN under different strain types.

Context: Two-dimensional materials are a new and promising research field in materials science. This is mainly attributed to their unique photoelectric and chemical properties. In addition to possessing unique optoelectronic and chemical properties, two-dimensional materials also have important application prospects in the field of field-effect devices.

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds Loaded with Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Wound Healing.

Failures of wound healing have been a focus of research worldwide. With the continuous development of materials science, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds loaded with metal-based nanoparticles provide new ideas and methods for research into new tissue engineering materials due to their excellent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing abilities. In this review, the stages of extracellular matrix and wound healing, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, metal-based nanoparticles, and metal-based nanoparticles supported by electrospun nanofiber scaffolds are reviewed, and their characteristics and applications are introduced.

Mitochondria: one of the vital hubs for molecular hydrogen's biological functions.

As a novel antioxidant, a growing body of studies has documented the diverse biological effects of molecular hydrogen (H) in a wide range of organisms, spanning animals, plants, and microorganisms. Although several possible mechanisms have been proposed, they cannot fully explain the extensive biological effects of H. Mitochondria, known for ATP production, also play crucial roles in diverse cellular functions, including Ca signaling, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, proliferation, and lipid transport, while their dysfunction is implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, metabolic disorders, and cancer.

Application of synthetic lipid droplets in metabolic diseases.

Background: The study and synthesis of membrane organelles are becoming increasingly important, not only as simplified cellular models for corresponding molecular and metabolic studies but also for applications in synthetic biology of artificial cells and drug delivery vehicles. Lipid droplets (LDs) are central organelles in cellular lipid metabolism and are involved in almost all metabolic processes. Multiple studies have also demonstrated a high correlation between LDs and metabolic diseases.

Development and Prospective Applications of 3D Membranes as a Sensor for Monitoring and Inducing Tissue Regeneration.

For decades, tissue regeneration has been a challenging issue in scientific modeling and human practices. Although many conventional therapies are already used to treat burns, muscle injuries, bone defects, and hair follicle injuries, there remains an urgent need for better healing effects in skin, bone, and other unique tissues. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing and real-time monitoring technologies have enabled the creation of tissue-like membranes and the provision of an appropriate microenvironment.

Motion screening of fiducial marker for improved localization precision and resolution in SMLM.

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) provides unmatched high resolution but relies on accurate drift correction due to the long acquisition time for each field of view. A popular drift correction is implemented via referencing to fiducial markers that are assumed to be firmly immobilized and remain stationary relative to the imaged sample. However, there is so far lack of efficient approaches for evaluating other motions except sample drifting of immobilized markers and for addressing their potential impacts on images.