The synergistic effects of climate change and fertilizer on crop yield: evidence from winter wheat in China.

Background: Climate variability and agricultural management practices, particularly fertilizer use, jointly determine crop production and food security. Understanding their synergistic effects is essential for developing climate-resilient farming strategies, yet the complex interactions between climate and fertilizer use in shaping crop yields remain poorly understood. Focusing on winter wheat in China, this study evaluates how climate change and fertilizer use jointly influence yield dynamics using a panel data model that integrates growing degree days (GDD), extreme degree days (EDD), precipitation, and fertilizer interactions.

Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Jiawei Jianpi Huoyu Formula in Ulcerative Colitis: A Multi-Strategies and Experimental Study Integrating Network Pharmacology, Machine Learning, and Mendelian Randomization.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. A modified traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, "Jiawei Jianpi Huoyu Formula (JJHF)", has been reported to be effective in relieving UC symptoms, but its potential pharmacological components and targets remain unclear.

Methods: This study employs an integrative approach combining network pharmacology, machine learning, molecular docking, Mendelian randomization (MR), and experimental validation to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of JJHF in UC.

Incorporating sentinel chain involvement pattern to predict non-sentinel lymph nodes status in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: Up to 60% of breast cancer (BC) patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) had no metastatic non-sentinel lymph node (non-SLN). We aimed to establish a model incorporating sentinel chain involvement pattern to predict the non-SLN status.

Methods: SLNs were ranked in the order of fluorescent intensity, black staining degree, and lymphatic drainage to form a sentinel chain, which included three involvement patterns: sequential pattern (metastases are found in SLNs ranking ahead), skip pattern (metastases do not relate to the order of SLNs), and all involved pattern.

Blood‑brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy: Mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future orientation (Review).

The blood‑brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial structure for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system, and its integrity plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of epilepsy. Epileptic seizures can disrupt the molecular architecture of the BBB, including the loss of tight junction proteins, activation of matrix metalloproteinases and dysfunction of supporting cells. Various pathological changes, such as transmembrane transport disorders, upregulation of platelet‑derived growth factor receptor β and vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathways, and activation of astrocytes and microglia, accompany these alterations.

The challenges and progress of CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.

Current traditional cancer treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc., which lack targeted killing functions and may damage normal tissues. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and personalized medicine have become promising methods for cancer treatment, providing more precise and effective treatment for patients.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer among middle-aged and elderly populations from 2000 to 2021 with a prediction to 2050: a cross-sectional analysis from global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, particularly among middle-aged and elderly populations. Given increasing life expectancy, understanding PLC burden in these groups is essential.

Methods: We obtained data about incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs) from 2000 to 2021 for PLC aged 55 + from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021.

Microneedle-based sustained release delivery of TNF-α/IL-6R dual-specific fenobody alleviates inflammation and promotes bone regeneration in rheumatoid arthritis rat model.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory imbalance. The cytokine-targeted therapy is a non-traditional form of RA treatment that is mighty effective but poses the challenge of pharmaceutical storage conditions, professional injection, frequent injection administrations and poor patient adherence, and due to individual differences in sensitivity to TNF-α and IL-6R, monotherapy with a single antibody is effective in fewer than 30 % of cases. Hence, to address these issues, we have developed a macromolecule polymer GelMA microneedle sustained-release platform for transdermal delivery of a dual-specific fenobody targeting TNF-α and IL-6R in an arthritic rat model.

Effect of temperature on acute kidney injury in a rat model of renal ischemia‒reperfusion.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). A reliable and stable animal model is crucial for experimental research. Various factors affect the stability of animal models.

Cucurbitane glycosides from Hemsleya chinensis tubers.

Six previously undescribed cucurbitane glycosides, hemchinosides A-F (1-6), along with eleven ones were isolated from Hemsleya chinensis tubers. Compounds 1-6 were characterized by the presence of one to three glucoses substitutions at C-26, and sometimes one glucose at C-3. The structures were confirmed by comprehensive UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and NMR analyses, and absolute configurations were determined by a comparison of calculated and experimental ECD after acid-hydrolysis.

Immunotyping the Tumor Microenvironment Reveals Molecular Heterogeneity for Personalized Immunotherapy in Cancer.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences cancer prognosis and therapeutic outcomes, yet its composition remains highly heterogeneous, and currently, no highly accessible, high-throughput method exists to define it. To address this complexity, the TMEclassifier, a machine-learning tool that classifies cancers into three distinct subtypes: immune Exclusive (IE), immune Suppressive (IS), and immune Activated (IA), is developed. Bulk RNA sequencing categorizes patient samples by TME subtype, and in vivo mouse model validates TME subtype differences and differential responses to immunotherapy.

Characterization of transferable antibiotic resistance plasmids in airborne particulate matter from ICU environments.

Intensive care units (ICUs) are critical environments for the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with numerous studies focusing on resistant pathogens in these settings. However, transferable antibiotic resistance plasmids (TARPs)-regardless of their origin from pathogenic or non-pathogenic bacteria-are key drivers of resistance gene dissemination and the emergence of resistant strains. This study investigated TARPs in ICU air.

Icaritin Attenuates HSC Activation by Down-regulating the HIF-1α and TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathways to Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis.

Introduction: Icaritin is a bioactive flavonol isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Epimedium. The comprehensive understanding of antifibrotic effects and associated molecular mechanisms of icaritin remains incomplete. This study aims to explore the protective effects of icaritin against liver fibrosis and to further elucidate the mechanisms involved.

Epigenetic regulation of nuclear receptors: Implications for endocrine-related diseases and therapeutic strategies.

The expression and function of the receptor are controlled by epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. These modifications play a pivotal role in receptor activity and can lead to or exacerbate endocrine-related diseases. This review examines the epigenetic alterations of nuclear receptors and their significant impact on conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and endocrine-related tumors.

Experimental and numerical studies on fluid flow through fractured rock masses based on an enhanced three-dimensional discrete fracture network model.

Fluid flow through rock fracture networks was experimentally and numerically studied based on an enhanced discrete fracture network (DFN) model that explicitly characterizes 3D void geometry within rough-walled fracture. Fluid flow tests under different hydraulic gradients J were conducted on a series of DFN samples created by a 3D printer. Meanwhile, numerical simulations were performed based on the enhanced DFN model solving the NS equations and conventional DFN model solving the Reynolds equation, respectively.

Using nanocellulose to strengthen and toughen collagen-based film: Effect of carboxymethyl content of nanocellulose and relative humidity.

Collagen-based films possess numerous merits due to their biodegradability, edibility, and widespread existence. Although extensive research focuses on the mechanical strengthening of collagen films, the mechanisms underlying conformational changes of collagen during the film-forming stage and the impact of interface alterations on film's mechanical properties remain ill-defined. This work investigated the dynamic drying process of different-sized collagen fibers.

Updated progression of honokiol in lung cancer treatment.

Objectives: Despite significant advancements in innovative therapy, lung cancer continues to have an unexpectedly low 5-year survival rate. This necessitates the urgent development of novel and effective therapies. One such potential therapy is Honokiol (HNK, C18H18O2), a biphenolic natural compound isolated from the leaves and bark of Magnolia plant species.

Association between sarcopenia and the prevalence of gallstone in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES.

Backgroud: Gallstones are a common disease that imposes a significant burden on public health resources. Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by a decline in muscle mass, strength, and function. However, its relationship with gallstones remains unclear.

TCR-T cell therapy for solid tumors: challenges and emerging solutions.

With the use of T cell receptor T cells (TCR-T cells) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), T-cell immunotherapy for cancer has advanced significantly in recent years. CAR-T cell therapy has demonstrated extraordinary success when used to treat hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, there are several barriers that prevent this achievement from being applied to solid tumors, such as challenges with tumor targeting and inadequate transit and adaption of genetically modified T-cells, especially in unfavorable tumor microenvironments The deficiencies of CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors are compensated for by TCR-T cells, which have a stronger homing ability to initiate intracellular commands, 90% of the proteins can be used as developmental targets, and they can recognize target antigens more broadly.

Influence of experimental variables on spheroid attributes.

The adoption of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems represents a critical advancement in biomedical research, better mimicking complex 3D tissue environments than traditional two-dimensional (2D) models. However, variability in experimental outcomes has limited their reproducibility and clinical translation. Here, we systematically analyzed 32,000 spheroid images to identify key parameters influencing 3D model reliability.

Amorphous manganese silicate/PVDF membrane in the diffusive gradient in a thin-film for selective monitoring of lead.

Herein, a simple co-precipitation and phase invasion technique was applied to prepare a MnSi-loaded PVDF membrane (PMn), which exhibited highly selective adsorption for Pb. By employing the PMn as the binding phase, the high selectivity and rapid desorption of PMn effectively achieved low-cost, , and selective monitoring of bioavailable Pb.

Formin 3 stabilizes the cytoskeleton of Drosophila tendon cells, thus enabling them to resist muscle tensile forces.

The cytoskeleton of Drosophila tendon cells features specialized F-actin and microtubule arrays that endow these cells with resistance to the tensile forces exerted by the attached muscles. In a forward genetic screen for mutants with neuromuscular junction and muscle morphology phenotypes in larvae, we identified formin 3 (form3) as a crucial component for stabilizing these cytoskeletal arrays under muscle tension. form3 mutants exhibit severely stretched tendon cells in contact with directly attached larval body wall muscles, leading to muscle retraction and rounding.

Global burden and future trends of metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease: 1990-2021 to 2045.

Introduction And Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is a growing global health challenge. This study examines the global burden of MASLD from 1990 to 2021 and projects data for 2045.

Materials And Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, the study analyzed MASLD across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

IGF1R activates FOXP3-β-catenin signaling to promote breast cancer development.

Purpose: Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), a key marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs), is crucial for Treg differentiation and development. Emerging evidence suggests that FOXP3 is also expressed in various tumor cells; however, its role in tumor progression remains controversial. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of FOXP3 on breast cancer development.

Differences in HER2-0 and HER2-low Breast Cancer: Androgen Receptor and Programmed Death Ligand 1 as Predictive Factors.

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low breast cancer has the potential to emerge as a distinct subtype. Several studies have compared the differences between HER2-low and HER2-0 breast cancers, but no consensus has been reached. Additionally, a biomarker to predict pathological complete response (pCR) rates in patients with HER2-low breast cancer remains to be identified.

Targeting adenosine enhances immunotherapy in MSS colorectal cancer with EGFRvIII mutation.

Background: Patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) often display resistance to immunotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies have shown potential in enhancing immunotherapy, yet clinical benefits remain unfulfilled, which may relate to inadequate patient stratification.

Methods: Circulating tumor cells and tumor tissues were collected from multicenter cohorts of patients with CRC receiving cetuximab to analyze EGFR variant type III (EGFRvIII) expression and immune infiltration.