Spatial stratified heterogeneity of mumps incidence in China: a Geodetector-based analysis of driving factors.

Background: China reports the highest number of mumps cases globally, with the disease demonstrating distinct spatial clustering and variability characteristics.

Methods: This study employed descriptive statistics and spatial autocorrelation analysis to examine the spatial distribution characteristic and patterns of mumps across 31 Chinese provinces in 2020. Furthermore, based on the principle of spatial stratified heterogeneity, the Geodetector method was systematically applied to assess the influence intensity and interaction effects of economic development, population structure, education level, environmental conditions, and healthcare resource allocation on mumps incidence rate.

Hierarchical Contrastive Learning for Precise Whole-body Anatomical Localization in PET/CT Imaging.

Automatic anatomical localization is critical for radiology report generation. While many studies focus on lesion detection and segmentation, anatomical localization-accurately describing lesion positions in radiology reports-has received less attention. Conventional segmentation-based methods are limited to organ-level localization and often fail in severe disease cases due to low segmentation accuracy.

A systematic survey of type I secretion systems and their substrate proteins in .

Type I secretion systems (T1SSs) and the substrates have not been investigated extensively in , despite their potential significance. In this research, we screened the comprehensive list of T1SSs, observed their evolution and transcriptional regulation, predicted the substrates and explored their sequence and structural properties. In total, 61 sets of T1SSs were captured from the genomes of 26 representative strains covering the known species and subspecies.

Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 antibodies plus small molecule anti-angiogenic drugs and chemotherapy in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis: a multicenter real-world study.

Background: Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has emerged as the first-line standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer. However, obvious survival benefits in patients with peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer remain elusive. The combination of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy has shown synergistic effects.

Salinity Effect on Soil Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity and Assembly in Salt Marshes in the Qaidam Basin, China.

Extreme environments foster phylogenetically diverse microorganisms and unique community assembly patterns. Plateau saline marsh lakes represent understudied extreme habitats characterized by dual stressors of high salinity and low temperature. Here, we analyzed the soil bacterial and archaeal diversity in three salt marshes of the Qaidam Basin on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.

The impact of personal health literacy and school health literacy environments on schoolteachers' health outcomes.

Background: The relationship between personal health literacy and health outcomes is clear, but the role of health literacy environments is often overlooked. This study examined associations between personal health literacy, school health literacy environments and health outcomes among schoolteachers.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 7,364 schoolteachers in Zhengzhou, China.

Effect of Cu/Li Ratio on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Sc-Containing Al-Cu-Li Alloys.

In this work, the effects of the Cu/Li ratio on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Sc-containing Al-Cu-Li alloys were systematically investigated by utilizing age-hardening behavior, tensile property, corrosion behavior, and electrochemical behavior, complemented by microstructural characterization through EBSD and TEM. The results show that the peak aging strength of the alloys remained relatively consistent but slightly decreased with the decrease in Cu/Li ratio, and the yield strengths were 585 MPa, 578 MPa, and 573 MPa, respectively. The changes in the Cu/Li ratio caused different matching patterns of precipitates in the peak aging alloys.

Evaluation of spatial visual perception of streets based on deep learning and spatial syntax.

Street visual quality improvement plays an important role in urban development. An important direction for street quality research lies in accurately perceiving the spatial quality of urban streets and exploring the connection with street constituents. This study applies deep learning to extract visual elements from street view images and uses a human-machine adversarial model to rate them across six dimensions (beautiful, wealthy, safety, lively, depressing, and boring).

A study on the spatial distribution of life expectancy and its air pollution factors in China based on geographically weighted regression.

Background: Life expectancy in China has demonstrated a consistent upward trend, yet significant disparities persist across provinces. Addressing these regional imbalances necessitates a comprehensive investigation into the determinants of life expectancy. Previous research has largely overlooked the critical role of spatial heterogeneity, which is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms driving these disparities.

Mate-Pair Sequencing Enables Identification and Delineation of Balanced and Unbalanced Structural Variants in Prenatal Cytogenomic Diagnostics.

Background: Mate-pair sequencing detects both balanced and unbalanced structural variants (SVs) and simultaneously informs in relation to both genomic location and orientation of SVs for enhanced variant classification and clinical interpretation, while chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) only reports deletion/duplication. Herein, we evaluated its diagnostic utility in a prospective back-to-back prenatal comparative study with CMA.

Methods: From October 2021 to September 2023, 426 fetuses with ultrasound anomalies were prospectively recruited for mate-pair sequencing and CMA in parallel for prenatal genetic diagnosis.

Enhancing Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Low Cu-Containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys by Aging Treatment Control.

The 7085 aluminum alloy with a low Cu content is an important lightweight structural material in the aerospace field due to its advantages of low density, high specific strength, and high hardenability. However, like other high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, this alloy is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Additionally, the lower Cu content may increase its tendency toward SCC, potentially impacting the safe use of this alloy.

Three-dimensional polarization-dependent full-wavelength beam splitter written by femtosecond laser in LiNbO crystal.

We report on the fabrication of Y-branched waveguide beam splitters with cladding structures in LiNbO crystal by direct femtosecond laser writing. The femtosecond laser writes tracks near the surface of the crystal, constructing a square structure based on the Type II geometry. The waveguide beam splitters support the propagation of full-wavelength light from the visible to mid-infrared, which was experimentally and numerically investigated.

Effect of Deformation Mode on Grain Characteristics and Strength-Toughness of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy.

The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy plate is a structural material widely used in aerospace, and its rolling process plays a crucial role in determining its performance. This study investigated the effects of different pass combinations of forward and spread rolling on the grain characteristics, strength, and fracture toughness of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy plates under industrial conditions. The results show that initially using a small pass reduction followed by a larger one can improve the grain width and thickness on the Long Transverse-Short Transverse surface.

Determination of leaf nitrogen content in apple and jujube by near-infrared spectroscopy.

The nitrogen content of apple leaves and jujube leaves is an important index to judge the growth and development of apple trees and jujube trees to a certain extent. The prediction performance of the two samples was compared between different models for leaf nitrogen content, respectively. The near-infrared absorption spectra of 287 apple leaf samples and 192 jujube leaf samples were collected.

Gouty Tophus Erodes Nasal Bone But Presents as Painless Hump.

A 32-year-old male presented with a painless swelling on his nasal dorsum, persisting for over 3 months. He reported a gradual increase in the size of the mass, with no identifiable triggers except occasional skin redness. He denied nosebleeds, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, trauma, prior surgery, or spontaneous pain.

An Innovative Methodology: The Submental Island Flap Offers Enhanced Soft Tissue Coverage to the Vascularized Iliac Crest Flap.

The vascularized iliac crest flap has garnered widespread acclaim within the field of mandibular reconstruction attributable to its sufficient bone mass and congruent curved morphology. However, when the precise orientation of the iliac crest is imperative during mandibular reconstruction and there exists an accompanying defect within the oral soft tissue, the indispensability of an additional flap to facilitate concurrent defect repair becomes evident. In such instances, the submental island flap emerges as an exemplary candidate.

Hydrogel Nanoparticles Enable Nucleation Barrier Regulation and Ion Anchoring as an Alternative Pathway for Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystallization Control.

Gout flare-up, commonly resulting from monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystallization, has led to painful inflammatory arthritis among hundreds of millions of people. Herein, a kind of hydrogel nanoparticles (HNPs) with specific properties was developed, aimed at providing a promising pathway for MSUM crystallization control. The experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results synchronously indicate that the fabricated HNPs achieve efficient inhibition of MSUM crystallization governed by the mechanism of "host-guest interaction" even under very low-dose administration.

Measuring General Health Literacy in Chinese adults: validation of the HLS-Q12 instrument.

Background: Health literacy measurement lays a solid foundation to identify associations with health outcomes and monitor population health literacy levels over time. In mainland China, most existing health literacy instruments are either knowledge-based or practice-based, making health literacy results incomparable between China and other countries. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the 12-item Health Literacy Population Survey (HLS-Q12) in a general population of Chinese adults.

Targeting Moonlighting Enzymes in Cancer.

Moonlighting enzymes are multifunctional proteins that perform multiple functions beyond their primary role as catalytic enzymes. Extensive research and clinical practice have demonstrated their pivotal roles in the development and progression of cancer, making them promising targets for drug development. This article delves into multiple notable moonlighting enzymes, including GSK-3, GAPDH, and ENO1, and with a particular emphasis on an enigmatic phosphatase, PTP4A3.

Higher Circulating Lymphocytes and the Incidence of Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia.

Excessive immune activation contributes to the onset of early dysfunction of the maternal-fetal interface, and it is closely linked to the development of pre-eclampsia. However, the effect of specific immune cells on the risk of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia remains controversial. We investigated the causal relationship between immune cells and pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.

High performance on-chip polarization beam splitter at visible wavelengths based on a silicon nitride small-sized ridge waveguide.

Due to sensitive scaling of the wavelength and the visible-light absorption properties with the device dimension, traditional passive silicon photonic devices with asymmetric waveguide structures cannot achieve polarization control at the visible wavelengths. In this work, a simple and small polarization beam splitter (PBS) for a broad visible-light band, using a tailored silicon nitride (SiN) ridge waveguide, is presented, which is based on the distinct optical distribution of two fundamental orthogonal polarized modes in the ridge waveguide. The bending loss for different bending radii and the optical coupling properties of the fundamental modes for different SiN ridge waveguide configurations are analyzed.

High Detectivity of PbS Films Deposited on Quartz Substrates: The Role of Enhanced Photogenerated Carrier Separation.

PbS films grown on quartz substrates by the chemical bath deposition method were annealed in an O atmosphere to investigate the role of oxygen in the sensitization process at different annealing temperatures. The average grain size of the PbS films gradually increased as the annealing temperature increased from 400 °C to 700 °C. At an annealing temperature of 650 °C, the photoresponsivity and detectivity reached 1.

Polarization Splitting at Visible Wavelengths with the Rutile TiO Ridge Waveguide.

On-chip polarization control is in high demand for novel integrated photonic applications such as polarization division multiplexing and quantum communications. However, due to the sensitive scaling of the device dimension with wavelength and the visible-light absorption properties, traditional passive silicon photonic devices with asymmetric waveguide structures cannot achieve polarization control at visible wavelengths. In this paper, a new polarization-splitting mechanism based on energy distributions of the fundamental polarized modes in the r-TiO ridge waveguide is investigated.