The Isolation and Construction of an Infectious Clone for a Duck Adenovirus Type 3 Strain.

A duck adenovirus type 3 strain, SD2019, was isolated from sick Muscovy ducks in our laboratory in 2019. To study the biological properties of the virus, an infectious clone of the SD2019 strain was successfully established. The plasmid containing the whole genome of DAdV-3 was digested with I and the linearized DNAs were electortransfected into LMH cells; the cells showed cytopathic effects (CPEs) at 96 h post transfection and the rescued virus (rSD2019) was identified by PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs).

TSLP pretreatment inhibits M1 macrophage polarization and attenuates LPS-induced iNKT cell-dependent acute lung injury.

Introduction: Sepsis associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is a life-threatening condition characterized by severe pulmonary inflammation. Previous research has suggested that allergic immune diseases are associated with a lower risk of sepsis. Therefore, we hypothesized that certain molecules involved in type 2 inflammation are beneficial for the outcome of sepsis associated ARDS.

Targeting Setdb1 in T cells induces transplant tolerance without compromising antitumor immunity.

Suppressing immune responses promotes allograft survival but also favours tumour progression and recurrence. Selectively suppressing allograft rejection while maintaining or even enhancing antitumor immunity is challenging. Here, we show loss of allograft-related rejection in mice deficient in Setdb1, an H3K9 methyltransferase, while antitumor immunity remains intact.

Liver transplant-facilitated CD161Vα7.2 MAIT cell recovery demonstrates clinical benefits in hepatic failure patients.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells exert multifaceted effects such as anti-microbial activity, tissue repair, and pro-fibrotic effects across various disease settings. Nonetheless, their role in liver injury and hemostasis remains debated. Here, we report a significant depletion and functional dysregulation of MAIT cells, which is associated with disease severity and accumulated bile acids in HBV-infected patients with varying degree of liver injury.

Restoration of IFN-γ-Producing MAIT Cell Correlates to Beneficial Allergen Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis Patients.

Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are emerging as important regulators at mucosal surfaces. While these cells have been linked to a Th1-biased immune response and support for B cells, their roles in allergic diseases characterised by type 2 inflammation remain elusive. The study seeks to characterise MAIT cells in house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) and subsequent allergen immunotherapy (AIT), aiming to elucidate their clinical significance in AR and potential to enhance AIT effectiveness.

Double-Network Hydrogel Based on Methacrylated Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid Coacervate for Enhanced Wet-Tissue Adhesion.

Developing robust wet tissue adhesives remains challenging due to interfacial water and irregular surfaces. While polyelectrolyte coacervates demonstrate promising hydrophobic/fluidic properties for wet adhesion, their low cohesion limits practical applications. Herein, a wet tissue bioadhesive based on coacervates formed from low- molecular-weight methacrylated chitosan (CSMA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is reported.

NAC transcription factor GbNTL9 modifies the accumulation and organization of cellulose microfibrils to enhance cotton fiber strength.

Introduction: Fiber strength is a critical determinant of fiber quality, with stronger fibers being highly preferred in the cotton textile industry. However, the genetic basis and the specific regulatory mechanism underlying the formation of cotton fiber strength remain largely unknown.

Objectives: To explore fiber strength-related genes, QTL mapping, map-based cloning, and gene function verification were conducted in a backcross inbred line BS41 derived from interspecific hybridization between upland cotton and sea-island cotton.

In silico neoantigen screening and HLA multimer-based validation identify immunogenic neopeptide in multifocal lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Mutations commonly occur in cancer cells, arising neoantigen as potential targets for personalized immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the substantial heterogeneity observed among individuals and distinct foci within the same patient presents significant challenges in formulating immunotherapy strategies. The aim of the work is to characterize the mutation pattern and identify neopeptides across different patients and diverse foci within the same patients with LUAD.

Development of low-molecular-weight polysaccharide-based wound dressings for full-thickness cutaneous wound healing via coacervate formation.

The development of polysaccharide-based wound dressings that are easy to prepare, adhere to tissue, adapt to diverse shapes and exhibit tunable mechanical properties holds significant clinical interest. This study introduced a simple spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation technique employing low-molecular-weight and high polyion concentration of chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to fabricate CS/HA coacervates. Upon increasing the molecular weight of chitosan from 7 kDa to 250 kDa, a transition in the CS/HA coacervates from liquid-like state to an elastic liquid and eventually to a solid-like state was observed.

Water-in-water emulsions stabilized by nano-chitin.

A water-in-water (W/W) emulsion consists of microdroplets was formed by the spontaneous liquid-liquid separation by mixing polyacrylic acid and chitosan oligosaccharide in water, and these microdropletes were stabilized by nano-chitin, formed water-in-water Pickering emulsions. By taking the advantage of interfacial adsorption of nano-chitin, the W/W emulsion droplets composed of polyacrylic acid/chitosan oligosaccharide (COS/PAA) polyelectrolyte coacervate were successfully stabilized. Research results indicated that composite microspheres were formed by the nano-chitin stabilized COS/PAA emulsion, and the size of these composite microspheres was related to the concentration and morphology of the nano-chitin.

Dysregulation and impaired anti-bacterial potential of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in autoimmune liver diseases.

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) encompass a group of conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the liver tissue. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are enriched in the liver, where they play crucial roles in antibacterial defense and inflammation regulation. Compared to other autoimmune conditions affecting the synovium of the joints, MAIT cells from AILD exhibited a greater deficiency in ratio, elevated activation markers, increased apoptosis, and higher pro-inflammatory cytokines production.

A new strategy for the preparation of polylactic acid composites with UV resistance, light conversion, and antibacterial properties.

A novel rare earth complex, Eu(IAA)(phen) (EuIP), was synthesized by solution-based synthesis method. Then, EuIP and polylactic acid (PLA) were melt-blended at 190 °C to obtain a multifunctional PLA/EuIP composite. The incorporation of EuIP provided PLA/EuIP composites with good light conversion ability.

A novel macroporous carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate sponge dressing capable of rapid hemostasis and drug delivery.

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and sodium alginate (SA), which are excellent polysaccharide-based hemostatic agents, are capable of forming polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) through electrostatic interactions. However, CMCS/SA PEC sponges prepared by the conventional sol-gel process exhibited slow liquid absorption rate and poor mechanical properties post-swelling. In this work, a novel strategy involving freeze casting followed by acetic acid vapor treatment to induce electrostatic interactions was developed to fabricate novel PEC sponges with varying CMCS/SA mass ratios.

Bortezomib restrains M2 polarization and reduces CXCL16-associated CXCR6CD4 T cell chemotaxis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: The development of pulmonary fibrosis involves a cascade of events, in which inflammation mediated by immune cells plays a pivotal role. Chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to have dual effects on fibrosis, with bleomycin exacerbating pulmonary fibrosis and bortezomib alleviating tissue fibrotic processes. Understanding the intricate interplay between chemotherapeutic drugs, immune responses, and pulmonary fibrosis is likely to serve as the foundation for crafting tailored therapeutic strategies.

The study of double-network carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate based cryogels for rapid hemostasis in noncompressible hemorrhage.

Developing an injectable hemostatic dressing with shape recovery and high blood absorption ratio for rapid hemostasis in noncompressible hemorrhage maintains a critical clinical challenge. Here, double-network cryogels based on carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and methacrylated sodium alginate were prepared by covalent crosslinking and physical crosslinking, and named carboxymethyl chitosan/methacrylated sodium alginate (CM) cryogels. Covalent crosslinking was achieved by methacrylated sodium alginate in the freeze casting process, while physical crosslinking was realized by electrostatic interaction between the amino group of carboxymethyl chitosan and the carboxyl group of sodium alginate.

Dysregulation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells correlates with altered placental microenvironment in preterm birth.

Preterm birth (PTB) is a major problem affecting perinatal health, directly increasing the mortality risk of mother and infant that often results from the breakdown of the maternal-fetal immune balance. Increasing evidence shows the essential role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells to balance antibacterial function and immune tolerance function during pregnancy. However, the phenotype and function of placental MAIT cells and their specific mechanisms in PTB remain unclear.

Distinctly altered lipid components in hepatocellular carcinoma relate to impaired T cell-dependent antitumor immunity.

Background And Aims: T cells are master effectors of anti-tumor immunity in cancer. Recent studies suggest that altered lipid metabolism imposed by the tumor microenvironment constrains anti-tumor immunity. However, the tumor-associated lipid species changes that dampen T cell ability to control tumor progression are not fully understood.

Green preparation of β-chitins from squid pens by using alkaline deep eutectic solvents.

Based on the assumption that protein could be removed by the combined mechanism of alkaline induced degradation and strong hydrogen bond interactions of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), β-chitins were successfully prepared from squid pens by using alkaline DESs formed by potassium carbonate and glycerol. The chemical structures of the DESs were investigated by H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and molecular modeling, and the physicochemical property of the prepared β-chitins were characterized. The preparation yields was about 32 %, and DESs with KCO/glycerol of 1/10 could be reused for three times while maintaining high preparation yields (31 %-32 %) and degree of deacetylation of 66.

Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on L-Arginine and 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin for Drug Carrier and Penetration Enhancement.

By selecting L-arginine as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD), deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with various water content were prepared at the 4:1 mass ratio of L-arginine to 2HPβCD with 40 to 60% of water, and were studied for its application in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). The hydrogen bond networks and internal chemistry structures of the DESs were measured by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR), which demonstrated the successful synthesis of DESs. The viscosity of DES was decreased from 10,324.

Sonoelectrochemical nitrided graphene nanosheets with vacancies and their applications for catalysis and sensing of uric acid oxidation.

A sonoelectrochemical method for preparing N-doped defective graphene nanosheets (N/O-dGNs) with point defects and 5-9 or 5-8-5 vacancies and oxygen-containing groups was successfully demonstrated. In this one-pot approach, the N-bonding configuration and N content of N/O-dGNs were finely tuned by the ultrasonic power (192, 320, and 640 W). The N content in atomic percentage (at%) for N/O-dGN (N/O-dGN) with point defects and 5-8-5 vacancy prepared at 320 W power was 5.

Strong tissue adhesive polyelectrolyte complex powders based on low molecular weight chitosan for acute hemorrhage control.

Self-gelling and bioadhesive powders offered promising effective hemostats to suit irregularly shaped, complex and non-compressible wounds for clinical applications. In the current study, chitosan based polyelectrolyte complex coacervate were simply prepared by mixing high concentrations (10 %) of low molecular weight chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) solutions. Obtained by lyophilization, the physical cross-linked polyelectrolyte complex powders would form a gel within 5 s upon hydration, which demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, significant antibacterial activities, strong and lasting adhesion on wet tissues in physiological environment.

Comprehensive Analysis to Reveal Amino Acid Metabolism-Associated Genes as a Prognostic Index in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Amino acid metabolism (AAM) is related to tumor growth, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Tumor cells use more amino acids with less synthetic energy than normal cells for rapid proliferation. However, the possible significance of AAM-related genes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is poorly understood.

Gossypium mustelinum genome and an introgression population enrich interspecific genetics and breeding in cotton.

Genomic and genetic resources of G. mustelinum were effective for identifying genes for qualitative and quantitative traits. Gossypium mustelinum represents the earliest diverging evolutionary lineage of polyploid Gossypium, representing a rich gene pool for numerous desirable traits lost in cotton cultivars.

Enzyme/inorganic nanoparticle dual-loaded animal protein/plant protein composite nanospheres and their synergistic effect in cancer therapy.

It is a viable strategy to develop a safer and tumor-specific method by considering the tumor microenvironment to optimize the curative effect and reduce the side effects in cancer treatment. In this study, glucose oxidase (GOx) and FeO nanoparticles were successfully loaded inside regenerated silk fibroin/zein (RSF/zein) nanospheres to obtain dual-loaded FeO/GOx@RSF/zein nanospheres. The unique structure of the RSF/zein nanospheres reported in our previous work was favorable to loading sufficient amounts of GOx and FeO nanoparticles in the nanospheres.