Exploring the interactions of gut microbiome and metabolites in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine metabolic disorder significantly impacting female health. While its etiology remains incompletely understood, emerging evidence highlights the gut microbiome as a key modulator, affecting not only the gut but also physiology beyond it. Many studies have been committed to exploring the role played by the gut microbiome and have discovered that gut microbiome is commonly dysregulated in PCOS patients.

The fabrication of MEMS alkali metal vapor cells based on ultrafast laser welding for single beam magnetometer.

The development of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) alkali metal vapor cells offers the potential for the batch fabrication of micro-quantum sensors for atomic clocks, atomic magnetometers and atomic gyroscopes. The sealing of MEMS vapor cells is traditionally achieved by anodic bonding. However, high-temperature and high direct-voltage conditions during anodic bonding adversely affect the performance of the vapor cell.

Simple and robust analysis of cefuroxime in human plasma and bone tissues by LC-MS/MS.

In end-stage osteoarthritis, total joint arthroplasty (TJA) represents the definitive therapeutic intervention. Cefuroxime, a second-generation cephalosporin, exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms, making it a cornerstone of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) to mitigate prosthetic joint infection (PJI) risk. However, the escalating demand for revision arthroplasties has paralleled rising implant-associated infections, necessitating target-site pharmacokinetic optimization to ensure effective antibiotic exposure at the bone-implant interface.

Female predominance in nocturnal hypoxemia among elderly OSAS patients: hemoglobin mediates sex-specific hypoxic burden in Chinese cohorts.

Objectives: To explore the clinical characteristics and sex differences in relevant indicators of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in elderly patients.

Methods: A total of 1290 elderly patients diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography (PSG) from 2015 to 2017 were consecutively collected from multiple medical institutions. Detailed demographic data, laboratory indicators, and sleep breathing parameters were recorded for each patient.

Engineering DNA nanopores: from structural evolution to sensing and transport.

Synthetic nanopores, inspired by natural ion channels and nuclear pore complexes, hold immense potential for elucidating cellular transport mechanisms and enhancing molecular sensing technologies. DNA nanotechnology, particularly DNA origami, stands out as a transformative platform for designing biomimetic nanopores, leveraging its biocompatibility, structural programmability, and mechanical tunability. This review traces the structural evolution of DNA nanopores across three phases: early hybrid designs with solid-state platforms, vertically-inserted nanopores in lipid bilayers, and horizontally-arranged nanopores with advanced functionalities.

A low-hysteresis coaxial pH sensor with UV irradiation-pretreated iridium oxide film for continuous soil monitoring.

A low-hysteresis coaxial pH sensor was presented for continuous soil monitoring. The electrolyte was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light for different durations, and then used for the electrodeposition of the IrO film onto the front end of a stainless-steel wire, forming the working electrode. The reference membrane/AgCl/Ag paste (reference electrode) was coaxially integrated onto the insulated middle section of the working electrode, creating the pH sensor.

Enhanced Room-Temperature NO Sensing via a Reduced Graphene Oxide/CuO Composite on Flexible Nylon Fibers.

To address the need for compact, flexible nitrogen dioxide (NO) gas sensors capable of operating under complex wearable conditions, this study presents a composite gas-sensitive structure comprising reduced graphene oxide/copper oxide (RGO/CuO) integrated with a flexible nylon fiber. The proposed sensor demonstrates reliable detection of low-concentration NO gas at room temperature, offering benefits such as compact size, lightweight design, excellent flexibility, and superior gas-sensitive response. RGO was incorporated onto the nylon fiber surface through a straightforward infiltration technique, followed by the growth of a zinc oxide nanowire array on the RGO nylon fiber via a water bath method.

Structural Optimization Design of the Dual-Layer CMUT with Low Power Consumption and High Ultrasonic Reception Performance.

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have been widely applied in fields such as air-coupled ultrasonic nondestructive testing, gesture recognition, and 3D imaging. However, most current CMUTs struggle to simultaneously achieve both low power consumption and high performance, which limits their application in relevant fields. In this paper, a dual-layer CMUT is proposed, and its structural optimization design is also analyzed.

Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome combined with renal insufficiency on all-cause mortality in elderly patients in China: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: We hypothesised that all-cause mortality in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) was associated with renal insufficiency.

Design: A cohort study.

Setting: A prospective study of patients with OSAS enrolled in sleep centres/departments in multicentre hospitals in China from 2015 to 2017.

Determination of Main Bearing Dynamic Clearance in a Shield Tunneling Machine Through a Broadband PMUT Array with a Decreased Blind Area and High Accuracy.

Traditional PMUT ultrasonic ranging systems usually possess a large measurement blind area under the integrated transmit-receive mode, dramatically limiting its distance measurement in confined spaces, such as when determining the clearance of large bearing components. Here, a broadband PMUT rangefinder was designed by integrating six types of different cells with adjacent resonant frequencies into an array. Through overlapping and coupling of the bandwidths from the different cells, the proposed PMUTs showed a wide -6 dB fractional bandwidth of 108% in silicon oil.

A wide-range flexible pressure sensor based on MWCNTs/TPU composite conductive fibers.

In this study, a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor with a wide pressure detection range, high sensitivity, and excellent robustness was designed and proposed based on micro/nano manufacturing technology and electrospinning. The pressure-sensitive film is composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite conductive fibers. The flexible pressure sensor exhibited a high pressure-detection limit of 1200 kPa.

Research on Drive and Detection Technology of CMUT Multi-Array Transducers Based on MEMS Technology.

This paper presents an ultrasonic driving and detection system based on a CMUT array using MEMS technology. Among them, the core component CMUT array is composed of 8 × 8 CMUT array elements, and each CMUT array element contains 6 × 6 CMUT units. The collapse voltage of a single CMUT unit obtained through finite element analysis is 95.

A novel UHPLC-MS/MS approach for simultaneous quantification of pyrimidine metabolites in human biofluids.

Pyrimidine intermediates, essential components of DNA/RNA, serve as energy transducers and signaling mediators in cellular communication pathways. However, research on pyrimidine metabolism in acute kidney injury (AKI) is hindered by the limited variety of metabolites and poorly understood underlying mechanisms. To date, no liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method has achieved comprehensive coverage of pyrimidine metabolism.

Highly sensitive spider-slit-organ-inspired crack-based flexible temperature sensor.

We found that a spider-slit-inspired bionic structure is not only sensitive to tiny vibrations but also exhibits remarkable sensitivity to temperature changes, as confirmed through testing. Based on these findings, we propose a bionic, crack-based graphene temperature sensor, whose temperature sensitivity reaches 9.93 × 10 °C.

Triglyceride-glucose index as a predictor of the risk of sarcopenia in elderly patients with OSA: a multicenter study.

Background: Given the clear association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic disorders, coupled with a limited understanding of sarcopenia in patients with OSA, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and sarcopenia and in an elderly population with OSA.

Methods: Multiple hematological and sleep-breathing status were meticulously recorded in the cohorts. The SARC-F scale ≥ 4 was considered indicative of probable sarcopenia.

Highly Stretchable, Self-Healable, and Conductive Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel for Long-Lasting Wearable Tactile Sensors.

Constructing hydrogels with both remarkable mechanical and self-healing properties is highly desirable for soft electronics, yet remains challenging due to conflicting demands on chemical bonds and polymer chain mobility. Herein, a highly stretchable, self-healing, and conductive gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel is developed by incorporating polyvinyl alcohol, N-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-2-propenamide, sodium tetraborate, and sodium chloride into GelMA, followed by a two-step polymerization process. The introduced novel interpenetrating networks, hierarchical hydrogen bonds (weak and strong H-bonds), and borate ester bonds (BEBs) synergistically improve the mechanical strength, and concurrently function as sacrificial bonds for energy dissipation under deformation.

Push Forward Clinical Management of Hematological Toxicity due to Lenalidomide Overexposure: Model-Informed Precision Dosing for Chinese Population With Renal Insufficiency.

Dose-dependent hematological toxicity of lenalidomide has been reported previously, and thus, there is a clinical need for dose individualization to manage toxicities. The objectives of this study were to explore optimal individualized dosing regimens for Chinese B-cell malignancies patients with varying degrees of renal function, and to push forward clinical management of hematological toxicity due to lenalidomide overexposure. A total of 164 plasma concentrations of lenalidomide were obtained from 97 Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from a multicenter prospective study.

Analysis of the Incidence and Influencing Factors of Depression in the Acute Stage of Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

Background: Poststroke depression (PSD) is a common complication following a stroke, but the risk factors for its onset remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of PSD and its relationship with stroke sites to provide more evidence for the early identification of high-risk patients with PSD.

Methods: This retrospective clinical study recruited acute ischemic stroke patients and assessed them for 2 weeks after the onset.

State of the Art of Low-Frequency Acoustic Modulation: Intensity Enhancement and Directional Control.

High-intensity low-frequency acoustic sources with directivity play a significant role in various fields such as medical treatment, underwater communication, and environmental monitoring. However, the long wavelengths, strong penetration, and their tendency to easily diffract of low-frequency acoustic waves make it challenging to achieve directional control and intensity enhancement. Thanks to the development of acoustic metamaterials, acoustic devices can now effectively manipulate low-frequency acoustic waves at subwavelength scales with excellent acoustic performance.

Further insights into influence factors of hypertension in older patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a model based on multiple centers.

Objective: To construct a novel model or a scoring system to predict hypertension comorbidity in older patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: A total of 1290 older patients with OSAS from six tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled. The sample was randomly divided into a modeling set (80%) and validation set (20%) using a bootstrap method.

PKM2 regulates osteoclastogenesis by affecting osteoclast precursor cell fusion via downregulation of OC-STAMP and DC-STAMP.

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that has become a serious public health problem with the aging of population. Osteoclasts are the only cells in body that can resorb bone, whose dysfunction is closely related to osteoporosis. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is one of the essential rate-limiting enzymes in the process of glycolysis.

Nontraditional Factors Influencing Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Correlation Among Framingham Risk Score, Body Composition Index, and Sleep-Breathing Monitoring Index.

To examine the correlation among body composition, sleep-breathing indicators, and Framingham risk score (FRS) to identify and amplify nontraditional factors that influence the risk of CVD in males, A total of 195 male participants underwent examinations for body composition and sleep-breathing monitoring. We compared the differences in individual factors across various FRS groups. We further conducted multiple linear regression analysis.

Congenital long QT syndrome caused by a KCNH2 pathogenic variant exhibiting "motor seizures": a case report and literature review.

A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies in a child with congenital long QT syndrome (cLQTS) caused by a KCNH2 gene pathogenic variant presenting as "motor seizures". The case involved a 10-year-old boy with a two-year history of recurrent loss of consciousness, which had worsened during the preceding week. Clinical manifestations included sudden episodes of unconsciousness, rightward strabismus of both eyes, cyanosis of the lips, guttural vocalizations, rigidity and shaking of the upper limbs, and urinary incontinence.

The long-term impact of hypertriglyceridemia-waist phenotype on major adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients with OSA.

Introduction: The hypertriglyceridemia-waist (HTGW) phenotype is a prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the impactof the HTGW phenotype on the simultaneous occurrence of OSA and cardiovascular diseases remains unexplored. This study aimed to determine whether the HTGW phenotype elevates the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with OSA, such as hospitalization for unstable angina and heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death, in patients with OSA.

Integration of mind mapping and In-Situ Simulation training to enhance the implementation of sepsis Hour-1 Bundle treatment.

Background: Sepsis is one of the most challenging and complex clinical states, with persistently high mortality rates. Guidelines recommend the early identification of sepsis patients and immediate initiation of the Hour-1 Bundle treatment to reduce mortality from sepsis. Emergency nurses play a vital role in the early screening of sepsis.