Opioids induce constipation by prompting alpha-Synuclein hyperphosphorylation in the colonic myenteric plexus.

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most common gastrointestinal disorder associated with opioid use. It is linked to impaired neurotransmitter release. Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) plays a crucial role in maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis and regulating synaptic plasticity in the nervous system.

Preparation and immunogenicity studies of NvIBDV VP2-ferritin nanoparticles.

Background: Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is a highly contagious disease that is prevalent worldwide and poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. While commercially available vaccines are used for prevention, IBD outbreaks remain frequent.

Objective: The continuous mutation of virulent strains and their ability to evade traditional vaccine protection complicate IBD control, which necessitates the development of novel vaccines and a deeper understanding of viral mutation mechanisms.

The relationship between the triglyceride glucose-waist height ratio and benign prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly adults: a nationwide cohort study.

Objective: Currently, evidence regarding the relationship between variations in the Triglyceride Glucose-Waist-to-Height Ratio (TyG-WHtR) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains scarce. This study aimed to examine the potential association between alterations in TyG-WHtR and the risk of developing BPH.

Methods: This study enrolled 3,296 male participants aged ≥ 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Change of bone mineral density as a prognostic marker in small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) are recognized as an independent predictor of survival in a variety of diseases. However, the prognostic value of BMD in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is not well understood. This study aimed to explore the prognostic ability of change in bone mineral density (ΔBMD) on the survival of SCLC patients receiving ICIs.

Application of β-cyclodextrin and pickering emulsion to enhance the ozone stability of Acorus tatarinowii and Atractylodes lancea volatile oils.

This study aimed to evaluate the stability and quality enhancement of Acorus tatarinowii and Atractylodes lancea volatile oils (ATaAL-VO) and their β-cyclodextrin encapsulated and Pickering emulsion forms under ozone exposure. Under an ozone environment, ATaAL-VO were subjected to three treatments: raw oil, β-cyclodextrin encapsulated oil, and pickering emulsion. Peroxide values were quantified.

Habitat Radiomics Based on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessing Axillary Lymph Node Burden in Clinical T1-T2 Stage Breast Cancer: A Multicenter and Interpretable Study.

Background: Axillary lymph node burden(ALNB) is a critical factor in determining treatment strategies for clinical T-T (cT-T) stage breast cancer. However, as ALNB assessment relies on invasive procedures, exploring non-invasive methods is essential.

Purpose: To develop and validate a habitat radiomics model for assessing ALNB in cT-T breast cancer, incorporating radiogenomic data to improve interpretability.

[Design and application of a height measuring instrument for ventricular drainage catheter].

Ventriculostomy drainage is one of the commonly used surgical techniques in neurocritical care, which can relieve intracranial hypertension and facilitate postoperative cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure monitoring. By placing a drainage tube in the ventricle, blood and fluid accumulation within the ventricle are drained out of the brain, reducing intracranial pressure and preventing brain tissue damage. Clinically, the speed of ventriculostomy drainage is often controlled by measuring the height difference between the drainage opening and the plane of the ventricle, ensuring the safe and effective reduction of intracranial pressure, facilitating the implementation of clinical management plans, and preventing complications.

Association of long-term insulin variability before the onset of diabetes with cardiovascular outcomes in later life: Findings from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study.

Background: The important effects of variability of some physiological/biological characteristics (such as LDL cholesterol, blood pressure) on cardiovascular outcomes have been elucidated, while the role of insulin variability is undefined.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of long-term fasting insulin variability during young adulthood before the onset of diabetes with subsequent cardiovascular outcomes in middle age.

Methods: We included 3,983 CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development Study in Young Adults) participants aged 18 to 30 years with at least three fasting insulin measurements.

A Genome-Wide Synthetic Lethal Screen Identifies Spermidine Synthase as a Target to Enhance Erdafitinib Efficacy in FGFR-Mutant Bladder Cancer.

Unlabelled: Mutations of the FGFR family members are frequently observed in metastatic bladder cancer. The development of erdafitinib, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, provided a significant therapeutic advance in bladder cancer, but resistance still limits its efficacy. In this study, we performed an unbiased whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 synthetic lethal screen on FGFR-mutant bladder cancer cell lines treated with erdafitinib and identified spermidine synthase (SRM) as a critical contributor to erdafitinib resistance.

Association between TyG-BMI and BPH in a national prospective cohort study.

This study aims to explore the relationship between the Triglyceride Glucose Body Mass Index (TyG-BMI) and the risk of developing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we included 3301 men aged 45 and above. We analyzed the association between TyG-BMI and the risk of developing BPH using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models.

Longitudinal MRI evaluation of the efficacy of non-enhanced lung cancer brain metastases.

Brain metastases (BM) are the most prevalent intracranial malignancies. Approximately 30-40% of cancer patients develop BM at some stage of their illness, presenting with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Our clinical findings indicate a significant disparity in the efficacy between non-enhanced and enhanced lung cancer BM.

Phylogeography and biological characterization of H12N2 virus isolated from whooper swan in Central China.

Wild birds and waterfowl serve as the natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). When AIVs originating from wild birds cross species barriers to infect mammals or humans, they pose a significant threat to public health. The H12 subtype of AIVs primarily circulates in wild birds, with relatively few isolates reported worldwide, and the evolutionary and biological characteristics of H12 subtype AIVs remain largely unknown.

Association between the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index and the risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: a national prospective cohort study.

To investigate the relationship between the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) and the risk of developing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we included 3,295 men aged 45 years and older. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to analyze the association between CVAI and the risk of BPH.

Clonally unrelated HL-type RS manifested as hemophagocytic syndrome: a case report and literature review.

Hodgkin lymphoma variant of Richter syndrome (HL-type RS) is a very rare disease, in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is transformed into novel Hodgkin lymphoma. The most important prognostic factor of HL-type RS is the clonal relationship between HL-type RS and the preexisting CLL/SLL. Detailed confirmation of clonally unrelated HL-type RS cases have not been reported.

Comparative analysis of oral saliva microbiomes and metabolites in Han population at different altitudes.

Objective: This study investigated the differences in oral saliva microbiota composition and metabolic products among Han Chinese populations living at different altitudes, as well as their correlations.

Method: The analysis was conducted using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method and untargeted metabolomics.

Results: 16S gene sequencing results showed significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition between HH (High altitude Han) group and LH (Low altitude Han) group.

DeCGR: an interactive toolkit for deciphering complex genomic rearrangements from Hi-C data.

Background: Complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) drive the restructuring of chromatin architecture, resulting in significant interactions among rearranged fragments, visible as anomalous interaction blocks in chromatin contact maps generated by chromosome conformation capture technologies such as Hi-C. These blocks not only offer the orientation and genome coordinates of rearranged fragments but also filter out false positive CGRs, thereby facilitating CGR assembly. Despite this, there is a lack of interactive graphical software tailored for this purpose.

Bryophytes adapt to open-pit coal mine environments by changing their functional traits in response to heavy metal-induced soil environmental changes.

Plants have unique adaptability to heavy metal pollution. However, the adaptation strategies of bryophytes are still unclear. In order to better understand the response of bryophytes to different heavy metal and the adaptation mechanisms of different species to heavy metal pollution, we studied soil physicochemical properties, distribution of heavy metal elements, ecological risk assessment and the community structure, functional characteristics of bryophytes in large open-pit coal mines in Inner Mongolia.

RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-Mediated Rapid, Sensitive, and Onsite Detection of Newcastle Disease in Pigeons.

Pigeon Newcastle disease, caused by pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1), is a significant infectious disease in pigeons that can result in substantial mortality and poses a severe threat to the pigeon industry. The rapid and accurate onsite diagnosis of pigeon disease is crucial for timely diagnosis and the implementation of effective prevention and control measures. In this study, we established a rapid detection method for PPMV-1 based on recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) and CRISPR/Cas12a.

An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of early oral feeding vs. traditional oral feeding after gastric cancer surgery.

Introduction: Early oral feeding (EOF) has been shown to improve postoperative recovery for many surgeries. However, surgeons are still skeptical about EOF after gastric cancer surgery due to possible side effects. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of EOF in patients after gastric cancer surgery.

Aerobic exercise alleviates skeletal muscle aging in male rats by inhibiting apoptosis via regulation of the Trx system.

Skeletal muscle aging in rats is a reduction in skeletal muscle mass caused by a decrease in the number or volume of skeletal muscle myofibers. Apoptosis has been recognized to play a key role in accelerating the process of skeletal muscle aging in rats. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is a widely expressed oxidoreductase system that controls the cellular reduction/oxidation state and has both potent anti-free radical damage and important pro-growth and apoptosis inhibitory functions.

Charcot arthropathy of the knee accompanied by tethered cord syndrome and lumbosacral fur sinus.

Charcot arthropathy is a rare disease in clinic, which is easy to be misdiagnosed and delayed diagnosis. Imaging examination plays a key role in the diagnosis of Charcot arthropathy. It is important to improve the early diagnosis rate and strive for early treatment to improve the quality of life of these patients.

Exploring miR-21 as a key regulator in two distinct approaches of bone marrow stromal cells differentiation into Schwann-like cells.

The differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into Schwann-like cells (SCLCs) has the potential to promote the structural and functional restoration of injured axons. However, the optimal induction protocol and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different induction protocols in promoting the differentiation of rat BMSCs into SCLCs and to explore their potential mechanisms.

The optimal exercise intervention for sleep quality in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of various exercise modalities on the improvement of sleep quality in adults remains controversial.

Objective: This study aimed to perform a network meta-analysis to analyze the effects of different exercise interventions on sleep quality in adults.

Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases were searched for studies published from March 18, 1993, to March 18, 2023.