Iodine Dopants Facilitate Tandem Catalysis via Transformation Adsorption Behavior for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Reaction.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) has great potential for simultaneously achieving nitrate-rich wastewater treatment and ammonia (NH) synthesis. Given that the NORR process encompasses distinct steps of deoxygenation and hydrogenation, the active sites of most catalysts frequently demonstrate similar adsorption behavior. In this work, the second-shell iodine-doped modified cobalt single atoms (I-CoN) and cobalt atomic clusters (Co AC) anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon (Co SAAC/INC) are synthesized through a mild etching synchronization doping strategy.

Pulmonary protective and antiinflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review and metaanalysis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate pulmonary protective and antiinflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by meta-analysis.

Methods: Six databases were searched to collect trials on the pulmonary protective and anti-inflammatory effects of DEX in cardiac surgery with CPB. The search period was from the establishment of each database to August 1, 2024.

Deep-learning based colorectal cancer pathological analysis with hyperspectral light field microscopy.

5D hyperspectral light field (H-LF) integrates multi-angular and multi-spectral observation, offering a comprehensive opportunity to capture more detailed information from biological samples. In this article, we integrate hyperspectral light field microscopy imaging to analyze H&E-stained whole slide images (WSIs) of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specifically, we design a triple separable transformer encoder (HLFTST) that efficiently extracts features by decoupling the 5D H-LF data into lower-dimensional components and applying self-attention for global interaction.

Dizygotic Atomic Platinum and Palladium on Carbon for High-Performance Ethanol and Methanol Electro-Oxidation.

Dizygotic-atom-site catalysts (DASCs), consisting of multi-atomic dispersed catalytic centers, perform well in several reactions but have poor electrocatalytic activity toward alcohol electro-oxidation. In this study, DASCs of atomically dispersed platinum and palladium on nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (PtPd/NCNC) are successfully synthesized using an impregnation-adsorption method. The PtPd/NCNC catalyst has higher mass activity toward ethanol and methanol oxidation than commercial Pt/C and Pd/C.

Balancing the electronic structure and surface reconstruction of Cu-based nanostructures for iodide oxidation reactions.

A CuO nanorod array grown on Cu foam (CuO NA/CF) was synthesized an etching and oxidation process, enabling both electronic modulation and morphological engineering. The CuO NA/CF catalyst demonstrates excellent iodide oxidation reaction activity, requiring only 1.36 V to achieve a current density of 50 mA cm, along with remarkable operational stability.

Finite-time command-filtered autonomous docking control of underactuated unmanned surface vehicles with obstacle avoidance.

This paper presents a novel control strategy for the autonomous docking control of underactuated unmanned surface vehicle (USV). Firstly, a novel integration of finite-time command-filtered backstepping with an improved artificial potential field (APF), where the controller-generated force replaces the traditional APF attractive force, unifying path planning and motion control. Secondly, a finite-time command filter with error compensation to eliminate "explosion of complexity" and reduce filtering errors.

Influence of microplastics on bisphenol A and bisphenol AF toxicity in aquatic environments: Mechanistic insights for environmental risks.

Co-exposure to low-density polyethylene microplastics (LDPE-MPs) and plastic additives like bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) poses a growing concern in aquatic environments, yet the role of LDPE-MPs in modulating their toxicity remains debated. This study integrates transcriptome sequencing, adsorption/desorption kinetics, and computational toxicology to assess how LDPE-MPs influence BPA- and BPAF-induced toxicity in zebrafish. We found that BPAF is more toxic than BPA, with 96 h lethal concentration 50 % (LC) values of 1.

Advances in Catalytic Host Cathodes for Aqueous Metal (Zn, Cu, Fe)-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous batteries with conversion mechanisms show promise for large-scale energy storage due to the inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, high energy density, and eco-friendly advantages. However, redox species migration and sluggish kinetics critically impede the further development of aqueous-conversion batteries. The integration of catalytically active sites into host cathode materials has been proposed as an effective solution to these challenges, with notable advancements in research.

Water Management Fault Diagnosis by Operando Distribution of Relaxation Times Analysis for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

Timely and effective fault diagnosis is essential to ensure the reliability and longevity of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). This study employs operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis to detect water management faults in both anode and cathode electrodes. EIS measurements are performed under diverse operating conditions, revealing three distinct frequency ranges associated with ion transport, charge transfer, and mass transport processes, and elucidating their contributions to voltage loss.

Porous VC@VSe heterostructure with built-in electric field as catalytic host materials for high-performance aqueous Cu-Se batteries.

Conversion-type aqueous copper-selenium (Cu-Se) batteries have gained considerable attention due to their high theoretical capacity, safety and environmental friendliness. However, the multi-electron intermediate conversion reaction of selenium cathode generally possesses sluggish kinetics, which seriously impedes the further development of Cu-Se batteries. Herein, the porous VC@VSe heterostructure (P-VC@VSe) with built-in electric field (BIEF) were successfully synthesized by the sacrificial template method and in situ selenization strategy, which were used as the selenium host materials for aqueous Cu-Se batteries to effectively enhance the selenium conversion reaction kinetics.

Exposure Risk Identification and Priority Control List Development of Pesticides in Agricultural Cultivation Areas.

The adverse effects of 33 typical pesticides in dry and paddy lands in typical cultivation areas of China were investigated. First, the resistance and cross-resistance (for target organisms), toxicity, and joint toxicity (for nontarget organisms) of pesticides were evaluated, and nine pesticides with high resistance, three with wide cross-resistance, nine with high toxicity, and one with wide joint toxicity were screened. Second, the optimal synergist control schemes in dry and paddy lands were developed, under which resistance to target organisms (corn aphid, soybean aphid, and rice water weevil) reduced by 23.

Multi-Dimensional Ni@TiN/CNT Heterostructure with Tandem Catalysis for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia.

Electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction (NORR) is considered a sustainable ammonia (NH) synthesis strategy. However, there are still significant challenges in designing efficient NORR catalysts. Here, carbon nanotube (CNT)-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on MXene-derived TiN (Ni@TiN/CNT) heterostructure is constructed by combining molten salt etching strategy and chemical vapor deposition.

Binary Metal Alloy Electrocatalyst Synergistically Accelerates the Bidirectional Polysulfide Conversions in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides and the resulting shuttle effect remain significant challenges for the practical utilization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. To address the unidirectional catalytic limitations of conventional electrocatalysts, we herein report a binary metal (CoNi) alloy embedded in a carbon matrix on carbon nanofibers (CoNi@C-CNFs) as a highly efficient electrocatalyst to accelerate bidirectional polysulfide conversions. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) reveals a significantly improved catalytic effect of the CoNi alloy toward polysulfide conversions after introducing the Ni component.

Fast-Charging Solid-State Li Batteries: Materials, Strategies, and Prospects.

The ability to rapidly charge batteries is crucial for widespread electrification across a number of key sectors, including transportation, grid storage, and portable electronics. Nevertheless, conventional Li-ion batteries with organic liquid electrolytes face significant technical challenges in achieving rapid charging rates without sacrificing electrochemical efficiency and safety. Solid-state batteries (SSBs) offer intrinsic stability and safety over their liquid counterparts, which can potentially bring exciting opportunities for fast charging applications.

Endocrine disruptor identification and multitoxicity level assessment of organic chemicals: An example of multiple machine learning models.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) pollution is a major global environmental issue. Assessing the multiple toxic effects of EDCs is key to managing their risks. This study successfully developed an EDCs classification and recognition model based on recursive feature elimination and random forest coupling, which passed external validation.

Advanced solar photo-Fenton-like process with directly growing nano-heterojunctions on graphite fiber felt for phenolic wastewater treatment: Synergistically expand the pH activity range and facilitate the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle.

Nanoscale FeWO/BiVO heterojunctions were directly grown on the graphite fiber felt (GF) with good conductivity to construct a FeWO/BiVO @GF solar photo-Fenton like wastewater treatment system. The removal effect of COD from phenolic wastewater and the mechanism of synergistic improvement of wastewater treatment efficiency by this system were investigated. The FeWO/BiVO heterojunction prepared by hydrothermal method exhibited higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and solar light utilization rate, thus endowing FeWO/BiVO with excellent solar-Fenton like reaction activity.

Engineering Densely Packed Ion-Cluster Electrolytes for Wide-Temperature Lithium-Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Batteries.

The electrolyte plays an essential role in the advancement of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), as it not only transports the charge carriers but also extensively influences sulfur conversion mechanisms and electrode-electrolyte interphases formed on the electrode surface, thereby directly impacting battery performance. However, the majority of existing electrolytes suffer from incompatibility with either the Li anode or the sulfur cathode. Here, we develop a densely packed ion-cluster electrolyte (DPIE) through the strategic combination of a weakly solvating solvent and an inert diluent, resulting in the self-assembly of abundant compact ion-pair aggregates within its structure.

Latest progress and challenges associated with lithium-ion semi-solid flow batteries: a critical review.

Since the proposal of the concept of semi-solid flow batteries (SSFBs), SSFBs have gained increased attention as an alternative for large-scale energy storage applications. As a new type of high energy density flow battery system, lithium-ion semi-solid flow batteries (Li-SSFBs) combine the features of both flow batteries and lithium-ion batteries and show the advantages of decoupling power and capacity. Moreover, Li-SSFBs typically can achieve much higher energy density while maintaining a lower cost.

Decorated and reconstructed perovskite-oxide electrodes for oxygen electrocatalysis and Zn-air batteries.

Although decorated nanoparticles offer a great potential to generate extra active sites, their preparation usually requires time- and energy-consuming approaches. We report the remarkable activity and durability augmentation for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via effective and facile on-site electrochemical manipulation, using LaNiO as a model catalyst. When compared to the pristine LaNiO, the electrochemically manipulated LaNiO cycled in Fe-containing 0.

Mapping subcellular RNA localization with proximity labeling.

The subcellular localization of RNA is critical to a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Dissecting the spatiotemporal regulation of the transcriptome is key to understanding cell function and fate. However, it remains challenging to effectively enrich and catalogue RNAs from various subcellular structures using traditional approaches.

Rational design of amorphous vanadium pentoxide and hollow porous carbon spheres hybrid for superior zinc-ion battery.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are expected to be a promising large-scale energy storage system owing to their intrinsic safety and low cost. Nevertheless, the development of AZIBs is still plagued by the design and fabrication of advanced cathode materials. Herein, the amorphous vanadium pentoxide and hollow porous carbon spheres (AVO-HPCS) hybrid is elaborately designed as AZIBs cathode material by integrating vacuum drying and annealing strategy.

SlWRKY55 coordinately acts with SlVQ11 to enhance tomato thermotolerance by activating SlHsfA2.

High temperature (HT) severely restricts plant growth, development, and productivity. Plants have evolved a set of mechanisms to cope with HT, including the regulation of heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) and heat shock proteins (Hsps). However, it is not clear how the transcriptional and translational levels of Hsfs and Hsps are controlled in tomato.

Rapid Mold Detection in Chinese Herbal Medicine Using Enhanced Deep Learning Technology.

Mold contamination poses a significant challenge in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), leading to quality degradation and reduced efficacy. To address this issue, we propose a rapid and accurate detection method for molds in CHM, with a specific focus on , using electronic nose (e-nose) technology. The proposed method introduces an eccentric temporal convolutional network (ETCN) model, which effectively captures temporal and spatial information from the e-nose data, enabling efficient and precise mold detection in CHM.

N-P covalent bond regulation of mesoporous carbon-based catalyst for lowered oxygen reduction overpotential and enhanced zinc-air battery performance.

Developing sustainable metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts is essential for the deployment of metal-air batteries such as zinc-air batteries (ZABs), among which doping of heteroatoms has attracted tremendous interest over the past decade. However, the effect of the heteroatom covalent bonds in carbon matrix on catalysis was neglected in most studies. Here, an efficient metal-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is demonstrated by the N-P bonds anchored carbon (termed N,P-C-1000).