Bacterial anti-toxin HigA dysregulates host intestinal serotonin homeostasis in a T6SS-dependent manner.

Intestinal serotonin not only plays crucial roles in the gut-brain axis but also participates in host-microbial interactions. However, the underlying mechanism of serotonin-level fluctuations remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that host intestinal serotonin levels are elevated during the early stage of Edwardsiella piscicida infection.

Identification of Biomarkers for Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Combining Transcriptomics and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Purpose: Oxidative stress has long been recognized as a significant influence in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore there is a need to explore the relationship between oxidative stress-related biomarkers and AMD.

Methods: Based on Gene Expression Omnibus database-Gene Expression Omnibus Series (GSE)29801 and GSE135092 datasets, three machine learning methods were used to screen biomarkers.

Iodine Dopants Facilitate Tandem Catalysis via Transformation Adsorption Behavior for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Reaction.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) has great potential for simultaneously achieving nitrate-rich wastewater treatment and ammonia (NH) synthesis. Given that the NORR process encompasses distinct steps of deoxygenation and hydrogenation, the active sites of most catalysts frequently demonstrate similar adsorption behavior. In this work, the second-shell iodine-doped modified cobalt single atoms (I-CoN) and cobalt atomic clusters (Co AC) anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon (Co SAAC/INC) are synthesized through a mild etching synchronization doping strategy.

Multi-Scale Spatial Heterogeneity of Liver Fibrosis Evaluated by MR Elastography in Rat Models.

Background: While liver stiffness heterogeneity by MR elastography (MRE) is clinically important, whether MRE reflects multi-scale liver fibrosis heterogeneity and explains histopathological-MRE staging discordance remains unclear.

Purpose: To assess spatial heterogeneity of liver fibrosis at multiple scales using MRE, correlating with histopathology.

Study Type: Prospective.

The trends of changes in monitoring indicators related to the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

The causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) are highly complex. A comprehensive analysis of the risk factors for RSA will be beneficial for its diagnosis and treatment. Peripheral blood from RSA patients were collected to test the levels of autoantibodies, thyroid antibodies, anticoagulant proteins, and lupus-anticoagulants.

The Effects of Recombinant pBD2 on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, Intestinal Barrier, and Microbiota of Weaned Piglets.

Defensins, one of the members of the antimicrobial peptide family, play a vital role in resisting microbial invasion and immune regulation. Porcine β-defensin 2 possesses excellent stability, making it an ideal antibiotic alternative for feed additives. In this study, a total of 15 piglets were used to investigate the effects of supplementing diets with 2.

Antitoxin HigA orchestrates T3SS/T6SS expression in aquatic pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widely distributed in bacteria and archaea, playing crucial roles in multiple biological processes. As the type II TA system in Edwardsiella piscicida, HigB contributes to biofilm formation, intracellular propagation, and host infection. Here, we demonstrated that the cognate antitoxin HigA functions as a key virulence transcriptional regulator.

Mechanism and regulation of mitophagy in liver diseases: a review.

Mitochondria are vital for the proper operation of healthy eukaryotic cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy that targets damaged or surplus mitochondria, plays a key role in both the normal functioning and disease-related processes within the liver. This review aims to explore the main mechanisms underlying the initiation of mitophagy and its importance in various liver conditions, such as alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and cancer.

Improvement of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum stability and quality of 3D-printed brown rice by chickpea protein and fenugreek gum stabilized Pickering emulsions.

The effect of Pickering emulsions (PEs) stabilized with chickpea protein (CP) and fenugreek gum (FG) on the stability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and improvement of the quality of 3D printed brown rice were investigated. The PEs were prepared by CP and different FG concentrations (0.

Can diffusion-based generated magnetic resonance images predict glioma methylation accurately?

Background: Reconstructing accelerated magnetic resonance images across various modalities, particularly those involving pathological features such as brain tumors, represents a challenging yet crucial task for medical diagnostics. While deep learning approaches have improved reconstruction quality, existing methods often struggle with preserving diagnostic features across different contrasts. The development of methods that maintain pathological details while substantially reducing scan time remains a clinical need.

ADSC exosomes improve high glucose induced fibroblast oxidative stress injury and accelerate DFU wound healing via regulating Keap1/Nrf2 axis.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and challenging chronic disease that can lead to non-traumatic amputation. Studies have indicated that complex cellular environments in DFU often lead to the dysfunction of several cells at the wound site; however, the mechanism of this injury is still difficult to elucidate.

Methods: DFU and normal skin tissue from patients were analyzed by pathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) immunohistochemical staining.

One Shoot Two Birds: Stabilization of Mn in Ba(Si,Ge)O as an Efficient NIR Thermometer and Intense Turquoise Pigment.

Luminescence of transition metal ions in unusual oxidation states is a treasure for developing new phosphors. Pentavalent manganese (Mn), which possesses a 3d electron configuration, has been reported less compared to its Mn and Mn counterparts due to the difficulty in its stabilization. In this study, Ba(SiGe)O:Mn phosphors were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method.

Octopus-like biomass-based flocculant for broad-spectrum water purification.

Flocculation plays a critical role in water purification, directly influencing treatment efficiency and costs. Conventional flocculants primarily target colloids and particulates but exhibit limited efficacy against dissolved organic compounds and emerging contaminants, leading to increased downstream treatment costs. Here, we present an innovative octopus-like biomass-based flocculant (OBF) designed for efficient, one-step removal of a broad-spectrum of water contaminants.

A TCR nanovesicle antibody for redirecting T cells and reversing immunosuppression as a tumor immunotherapy strategy.

T-cell receptor T-cell engagers (TCR-TCE) are soluble bispecific proteins composed of TCR and anti-CD3 antibodies, which can effectively redirect tumor-infiltrating T cells to kill tumor cells. However, TCR-TCE development and clinical application are significantly hindered by the instability of natural TCRs and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, underscoring the urgent need for alternative engineering strategies. Here, we describe a strategy that utilizes artificial cell membrane nanoparticle technology to generate a TCR nanovesicle antibody (TPC NV), which presents tumor-specific TCR, anti-CD3, and PD-1 antibodies on its membrane, representing a novel TCR-TCE with therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors.

In Situ Forming a Black Phosphorene Mixed Ion/Electron Conductor Layer by External Pressure without Binder for Anode-Free Li Metal Batteries.

Anode-free Li metal batteries are an excellent choice for developing the next generation of high-energy-density battery systems. However, due to poor chemical compatibility between the current collector and electrolyte interface, the Li electrodeposition on current collectors faces a huge challenge of rapid capacity degradation in anode-free Li metal batteries. Herein, a strategy for modifying an ultrathin black phosphorene (BP) mixed ion/electron conductor interface layer on the surface of a current collector by relying on pressure is proposed.

Role of P2X7R in Retinal Diseases: A Review.

Background: P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion channel that, upon activation by ATP, triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and induces apoptosis in cells. This channel plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of various diseases. Recently, there has been a growing body of research focused on the function of P2X7R receptors in ophthalmic conditions, particularly concerning retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa.

Ammonia-induced testicular tissue damage: Apoptosis and autophagy pathways mediated by regulating Cyt C/Bcl-2 and p62/LC3B pathways.

Ammonia gas (NH) is a major hazard in animal husbandry that negatively affects animal growth and reproductive activities. Although the adverse effects of ammonia on livestock health and performance have been studied, its specific effects on the male reproductive system and its underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ammonia exposure on male reproduction and its potential mechanisms of action.

6-Gingerol, an active compound of ginger, attenuates NASH-HCC progression by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophage via the NOX2/Src/MAPK signaling pathway.

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC) accounts for an increasing proportion of HCC cases. Currently, effective pharmacological options for treating both NASH and NASH-HCC remain limited, necessitating the identification of novel therapeutic agents. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ginger can ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and prevent the occurrence of NASH.

Piperazine-Linked Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Anodic Lithium Storage.

Organic anode materials have been considered as promising electrodes for achieving low-cost and sustainable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, organic materials face challenges, such as inadequate cycling stability and sluggish reaction kinetics, leading to an unsatisfactory LIB performance. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess a porous and designable structure coupled with exceptional stability, making them promising candidates for anode electrodes in LIBs to address the challenges.

Dysregulation of the circ-Hdac4/miR-30c/RBPJ axis in decidua impairs placental function in preeclampsia.

Embryo implantation relies on complex mother-fetus interactions. Abnormal decidualization can cause various pregnancy complications such as placental abnormalities, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. circRNAs play a key role in various cellular processes.

Structural, Electronic, and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Europium-Doped Germanium Anion Nanocluster EuGe ( = 7-20): A Theoretical Investigation.

Doping rare-earth metals into semiconductor germanium clusters can significantly enhance the stability of these clusters while introducing novel and noteworthy optical properties. Herein, a series of EuGe ( = 7-20) clusters and their structural and nonlinear optical properties are investigated via the ABCluster global search technique combined with the double-hybrid density functional theory mPW2PLYP. The structure growth pattern can be divided into two stages: an adsorption structure and a linked structure (when = 7-10 and = 11-20, respectively).

Multi-Dimensional Ni@TiN/CNT Heterostructure with Tandem Catalysis for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia.

Electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction (NORR) is considered a sustainable ammonia (NH) synthesis strategy. However, there are still significant challenges in designing efficient NORR catalysts. Here, carbon nanotube (CNT)-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on MXene-derived TiN (Ni@TiN/CNT) heterostructure is constructed by combining molten salt etching strategy and chemical vapor deposition.

Association between home dwelling situations, neighborhood social interactions, and subjective cognitive decline plus among older adults: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundHome-dwelling situations (HDS) and neighborhood social interactions (NSI) significantly impact older adults' post-retirement lives. However, their relationship with subjective cognitive decline plus (SCD-plus), a potential biomarker of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo explore the association between NSI, HDS and SCD-plus among older adults.

Phosphorylation-mediated cadmium and manganese selectivity uptake of SaNRAMP5 in nightshade.

Identifying the selectivity of cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) in transporters has long been a challenging scientific issue. Here, we identified the gene SaNRAMP5 from Solanum americanum, an orthologue of OsNRAMP5. SaNRAMP5 is predominantly expressed in root and localizes to the plasma membrane (PM).