Neutrophils-astrocyte interactions in central nervous system inflammation.

The concept of central nervous system (CNS) "immune privilege" has undergone substantial revision. We now understand that the CNS exhibits sophisticated inflammatory responses that serve dual functions: potentially detrimental in acute phases while facilitating repair and recovery during chronic stages of various neurological conditions. Recent advances in genomic technologies, particularly high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics, have revolutionized our understanding of cellular dynamics and interactions within the CNS inflammatory microenvironment.

Orbital-Resolved Stepwise Single-Electron Capture Dynamics in a Single Fullerene.

Fullerenes (C), characterized by their unique cage-like structure and strong electron-accepting properties, have found extensive applications in organic electronics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. At the same time, they are gaining more attention in emerging fields, such as spintronics and quantum technologies. However, precise manipulation of the electron behavior within C, particularly the capture of varying numbers of electrons by an individual C molecule, remains a formidable challenge.

Efficacy and Safety of Unilateral Interlaminar Endoscopic Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Retrospective Study of 176 Cases With a 3-6 Year Follow-Up.

Objective: Spinal endoscopic surgery is widely acknowledged as an effective and minimally invasive approach for treating lumbar disc herniation. Comprehensive descriptions of the endoscopic decompression technique for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are limited in existing literature. With a focus on long-term follow-up outcomes, this study investigates the safety and efficacy of endoscopic decompression using a unilateral interlaminar approach.

Optimized deep brain stimulation for anterior cingulate cortex inhibition produces antidepressant-like effects in mice.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) emerges as a promising intervention for psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). The optimal stimulation parameters and the neural circuit mechanisms of DBS remain areas of active investigation. This study combines DBS with fiber photometry to monitor neuronal activity in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key region implicated in depression.

The Burden of traumatic brain injury，its causes and future trend predictions in 204 countries and territories,1990-2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with varying epidemiological trends across regions and demographics. Updated global assessments are needed to inform prevention and care strategies. Materials and Methods Data on the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of TBI, and its leading causes were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 project for 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2021.

Neutrophil extracellular traps aggravate neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation via neddylation after traumatic brain injury.

Neddylation, akin to ubiquitination, regulates various cellular processes by attaching neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8 (NEDD8) to target proteins. Its specific role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains poorly defined. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which accumulate at injury sites in TBI models, are linked to poor outcomes, yet the connection between NETs and neddylation remains unclear.

Ultra-early detection of S100B biomarkers using a nanophotonic biosensor with deep learning quantification: A clinical model based on EDAS patients.

Background: Ultra-early detection of brain injury biomarkers within the critical first hour post-injury remains a major clinical challenge in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management. Conventional platforms (e.g.

Developmental Endothelial Locus 1 Reduces Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Endotheliopathy and Dysregulated Coagulation in Mice.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces endothelial injury (endotheliopathy) that disrupts the vascular barrier to cause cerebral hemorrhage and inflammation and allows the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from injured brain cells into the circulation. These EVs are highly procoagulant, causing a systemic hypercoagulable state that rapidly turns into consumptive coagulopathy. Protecting endothelial integrity and removing procoagulant EVs is, therefore, critical to preventing secondary cerebral and extracranial injuries from TBI.

Hemodynamic modeling of aortic arch aneurysm treatment using the Castor™ branched stent graft: a virtual coil embolization simulation framework.

Introduction: Aortic arch aneurysm (AAA) refers to pathological dilation of the aortic arch, carrying high rupture risks under hypertensive conditions with critical mortality rates, thus remaining a key research focus. The Castor™ single-branched stent-graft effectively isolates the aneurysm from circulatory pressure and is clinically combined with coil embolization to enhance therapeutic outcomes. However, comprehensive hemodynamic analyses evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of this combined approach remain lacking.

Efficacy of atorvastatin-based treatment in super-aged patients with chronic subdural hematoma: a case series and literature review.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological disorder in the elderly, typically managed through surgical intervention; however, in patients aged 90 years and older, surgery is often not feasible due to comorbidities, anticoagulant use, and other age-related factors. This study evaluates the effects of atorvastatin, either as monotherapy or in combination with dexamethasone, in the conservative treatment of CSDH in patients over 90 years old, while also reviewing the current literature on the management of CSDH in this super-aged population.

Methods: Seventeen super-aged patients diagnosed with CSDH at our neurosurgical department between January 2017 and June 2024, who either refused or were considered unsuitable for surgery, were included in the study.

Epidemiology and future trend predictions of ischemic stroke based on the global burden of disease study 1990-2021.

Background: Visualizing the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 and predicting future disease burdens at global, regional, and national levels can help health policymakers develop evidence-based ischemic stroke (IS) prevention and cure strategies.

Methods: We stratify epidemiological parameters by sex, age, the World Bank's classification of economies, and sociodemographic index (SDI) levels. We use frontier analysis to assess whether the burden of ischemic stroke (IS) in each country aligns with its level of economic development.

IL-23 promotes neuronal ferroptosis via IL-23R/STAT3 signaling after traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant neuronal death, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The role of interleukin-23 (IL-23) signaling in post-traumatic neuronal injury requires investigation.

Methods: We examined IL-23 levels in clinical samples from TBI patients and healthy controls.

Multi-modal and Multi-view Cervical Spondylosis Imaging Dataset.

Multi-modal and multi-view imaging is essential for diagnosis and assessment of cervical spondylosis. Deep learning has increasingly been developed to assist in diagnosis and assessment, which can help improve clinical management and provide new ideas for clinical research. To support the development and testing of deep learning models for cervical spondylosis, we have publicly shared a multi-modal and multi-view imaging dataset of cervical spondylosis, named MMCSD.

In Vitro and Animal Studies of Human Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Otitis Media.

Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear mainly caused by bacteria, and current treatments rely heavily on antibiotics. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains seriously affects their efficacy. In our study, we found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human natural killer cells (NKs) inhibit the proliferation of both standard and levofloxacin (LVX)-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner.

Astrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and potential interventions.

Astrocytes play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response triggered by traumatic brain injury (TBI). They are not only involved in the initial inflammatory response following injury but also significantly contribute to Astrocyte activation and inflammasome release are key processes in the pathophysiology of TBI, significantly affecting the progression of secondary injury and long-term outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the complex triggering mechanisms of astrocyte activation following TBI, the intricate pathways controlling the release of inflammasomes from activated astrocytes, and the subsequent neuroinflammatory cascade and its multifaceted roles after injury.

Biomimetic piezoelectric hydrogel system for energy metabolism reprogramming in spinal cord injury repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to limited regenerative capacity and severe energy deficiency in the injury microenvironment. This study aimed to develop a biomimetic piezoelectric hydrogel system that could recapitulate the native tissue microenvironment while enabling wireless physical regulation for SCI repair. A piezoelectric hydrogel was fabricated by integrating KNaNbO (KNN) nanoparticles with porous decellularized spinal cord matrix gel (pDG).

Cerebral CIC-NUTM1 rearrangement sarcoma- case report and review of the literature.

Background: Ewing sarcoma and Ewing-like sarcoma are both highly aggressive small round cell sarcomas, while CIC rearranged sarcoma (CRS), the most common specific type of Ewing-like sarcoma, exhibits a more aggressive course than Ewing sarcoma and represents a distinct family of sarcomas. NUT midline carcinoma family member 1 (NUTM1) is a characteristic fusion gene of NUT midline carcinoma. In this paper, the intracranial tumor CIC is mainly fused with NUTM1, which is considered to be a molecular variant of CIC sarcoma.

Glioblastoma Cells Express and Secrete Alternatively Spliced Transcripts of Coagulation Factor X.

Patients with cancer often develop a prothrombotic state that can evolve into venous and arterial thrombosis, which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently associated with thrombosis, but the underlying causes of this prothrombotic state are poorly defined. We designed a study to characterize the expression of coagulation factor X (FX) and its alternatively spliced transcripts in glioblastoma tissues surgically removed from patients and in clonal cell lines.

Treatment for moyamoya disease with hyperhomocysteinemia.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of controlling serum homocysteine on improving surgical outcomes in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) and hyperhomocysteinemia. In this prospective observational cohort study, 477 patients with MMD post-encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis are divided into the HHcy-MMD post-control group (n = 193), HHcy-MMD uncontrolled group (n = 91), and MMD group (n = 193), with the HHcy-MMD post-control group further subdivided into good (homocysteine 0-10 μmol/L, n = 121) and general (homocysteine 10-15 μmol/L, n = 72) control groups. The differences in imaging and long-term clinical prognosis among the three groups were compared.

One-Pot Decarbonylative Borylation of Aliphatic Aldehydes.

We present a mild and direct method for the radical borylation of simple aliphatic aldehydes. By employing an enamine and a photocatalyst under light irradiation, aldehydes can be transformed effectively into alkyl boronic esters via a formal decarbonylative process. This alternative route for radical borylation synthesis can not only be applied to the transformation of primary, secondary, and tertiary aldehydes but also be adapted to other radical conversion reactions through the generated alkyl radical intermediate.

Impact of celastrol on mitochondrial dynamics and proliferation in glioblastoma.

Background: Targeting mitochondrial dynamics offers promising strategies for treating glioblastoma multiforme. Celastrol has demonstrated therapeutic effects on various cancers, but its impact on mitochondrial dynamics in glioblastoma multiforme remains largely unknown. We studied the effects of Celastrol on mitochondrial dynamics, redox homeostasis, and the proliferation.

Extracellular mitochondria contribute to acute lung injury via disrupting macrophages after traumatic brain injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is the most frequently developed complication in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), but its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report results from a study designed to investigate the mechanistic link between TBI and ALI in mouse models, in vitro experiments, and a patient study, specifically focusing on the role of extracellular mitochondria (exMt). We detected high levels of exMt in the alveolar lavage fluid of patients with TBI.

KRT14 is a promising prognostic biomarker of breast cancer related to immune infiltration.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer among women globally, which has the highest incidence and mortality rate in over a hundred countries. This study was intended to discover a new prognostic biomarker, facilitating personalized treatment approaches.

Methods: RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus database were utilized to download to evaluate expression levels and prognostic significance of Keratin 14 (KRT14).

Causal relationship between sleep traits and risk of Epilepsy: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have identified a strong correlation between epilepsy and sleep traits, highlighting their interactive relationship. However, no studies have specifically examined the associations between sleep traits and epilepsy. In this context, we conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) investigation to explore the causal nature of these associations.