Preliminary screening of urinary host protein biomarkers for Schistosomiasis haematobium: A proteome profiling study identifying candidate diagnostic targets in school-aged children.

Schistosomiasis is a major public health challenge and a globally neglected tropical disease. Schistosoma haematobium, the causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis, is endemic in African countries; with school-aged children ages 7-15 years being the most vulnerable population. Current diagnostic methods rely on microscopy to identify parasite eggs in urine; which is labor-intensive, requires specialized skills, and often lacks sensitivity, especially in mild infections.

Enhanced selectivity of platinum-modified tungsten oxide gas sensor through multivariate feature extraction and machine learning algorithms.

The limited selectivity of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors poses a significant challenge in accurately identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within industrial environments. Here, platinum-modified tungsten oxide (Pt/WO) composite was successfully prepared through in-situ reduction, which not only possesses superior gas-sensing performance towards ppm-level triethylamine but also achieves robust humidity resistance and long-term stability. Benefiting from the catalytic sensitization of noble metal, the as-fabricated Pt/WO sensor exhibits improved sensitivity towards triethylamine as compared with the pristine tungsten oxide (WO) sensor.

Multimodal S(VI) Exchange Click Reactions Derived from SF Moieties: Comparative Kinetics and Stereochemistry of SuFEx and SuPhenEx Reactions.

The reaction mechanism of multimodal SuFEx and SuPhenEx click chemistries was investigated in detail for substitution of both the first and second fluoride or -nitrophenolate leaving groups in ∼RN = SOF and RN = SOF(-NO-phenol) substrates by temperature-dependent kinetics and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both the DFT calculations and the experimentally derived Δ indicate relatively small values for the activation enthalpies (4-15 kcal/mol), but almost constant and significant values of -Δ (10-14 kcal/mol). This indicates that depending on the precise nucleophile and S(VI) core, the reaction is either controlled by a mixture of enthalpy and entropy or basically is dominated by entropy alone.

Mechanically Interlocked Bioinspired Armor: Sea Urchin-Mimetic Superhydrophobic Coatings with Ultrahigh Durability for Anti-Icing/Deicing.

Ice accretion on infrastructure jeopardizes operational safety, spurring demand for robust photothermal anti/de-icing superhydrophobic surfaces. However, their fragility under external mechanical degradation limits practical applications. Inspired by sea urchins' hierarchical armor, a composite protective superhydrophobic coating (PDSF/UPNI) integrating resin-mediated interfacial interactions and microneedle-enhanced morphology is proposed.

Peroxynitrite Responsive Second Near-Infrared Cyanine Dye ‑Aggregate for Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity Monitoring.

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a long-standing concern of modern medicine. The production of peroxynitrite (ONOO) is proposed as an early sign of the progression of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. However, conventional blood tests fail to offer a real-time unambiguous visualization of such hepatotoxicity .

Jute Nanocrystalline Cellulose Relieves Polystyrene Nanoplastic-Induced Acute Injuries by Modulating Gut Microbiota .

Natural plant nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a nanoscale biomaterial with exceptional physicochemical properties, has been extensively utilized in drug delivery systems. Nevertheless, its potential in mitigating nanoplastic toxicity remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that jute-derived NCC (JNCC) effectively alleviated polystyrene nanoplastic (nano-PS)-induced toxicity in honey bees by modulating gut microbiota.

Genetic evolution of respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric acute respiratory infections: Insights from a non-epidemic season.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children, with recent outbreaks increasing the global burden. The 2021 season saw a significant increase in cases from June to August, possibly due to COVID-19 control measures. The RSV-G region contributes to significant strain variation that can lead to severe epidemics.

Predictive modeling and interpretability analysis of bioconcentration factors for organic chemicals in fish using machine learning.

Chemicals are misused and released into the environment, causing adverse effects on people and ecosystems. Assessing the potential environmental risks of these chemicals before their use is crucial. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a key parameter used to describe the extent of chemical bioaccumulation.

The mC methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes progression of acute myeloid leukemia by regulating serine metabolism.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most prevalent heterogeneous hematologic malignancies with a complicated etiology. RNA post-transcriptional modifications have been linked to the incidence and progression of AML, while the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we find that NOP2/Sun domain family member 2 (NSUN2), a methyltransferase of 5-methylcytosine (mC) RNA methylation, is upregulated in AML and predicts a poor prognosis for patients with AML.

The Vital Roles of Agricultural Crop Residues and Agro-Industrial By-Products to Support Sustainable Livestock Productivity in Subtropical Regions.

Sustainable livestock production is a critical component of global food security and environmental stewardship. Agricultural crop residues, such as cereal straws, stovers, and hulls, as well as agro-industrial by-products, including oilseed meals, distillery wastes, and fruit/vegetable processing residues, are generated in large quantities worldwide, and these residues can be used in the diet of the animals to reduce the feed production cost and sustainability. In this review, we found that the use of treated crop residues in the diet of animals increased the production performance without causing any side effects on their health.

Efficient degradation of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the nZVI/HO/OA system: The key role of oxalic acid.

Soil contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is severe, and their high biotoxicity and recalcitrance made effective remediation challenging. The heterogeneous Fenton process utilizing nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been recognized as a promising technology for organic pollutant removal in various remediation media (e.g.

Plant-derived extracts or compounds for Helicobacter-associated gastritis: a systematic review of their anti-Helicobacter activity and anti-inflammatory effect in animal experiments.

Background: Helicobacter infection, which is the leading cause of gastritis and stomach cancer, has become common worldwide. Almost all Helicobacter-infected patients have chronic active gastritis, also known as Helicobacter-associated gastritis (HAG). However, the eradication rate of Helicobacter is decreasing due to the poor efficacy of current medications, which causes infection to recur, inflammation to persist, and stomach cancer to develop.

A vascular endothelial cell, neuron, and microglia tri-culture model to study hypertension-related depression.

Hypertension-related Depression (HD) is a complex mental disorder that exerts a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. Previous studies have demonstrated that damages to vascular endothelial and hippocampus are the primary pathological features in HD rats. Under hypertensive conditions, inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood vessels can induce central nervous system inflammation through penetration of a damaged blood-brain barrier, peripheral immune cells, and neural pathways, damaging the brain and triggering HD.

QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for Cotton Fiber Quality and Early Maturity Using F and F Generations.

Cotton is the most important natural fiber-producing crop globally. High-quality fiber and early maturity are equally important breeding goals in the cotton industry. However, it remains challenging to synchronously improve these traits through conventional breeding techniques.

Evolutionary Process Underlying Receptor Gene Expansion and Cellular Divergence of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Honeybees.

Olfaction is crucial for animals' survival and adaptation. Unlike the strict singular expression of odorant receptor (OR) genes in vertebrate olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), insects exhibit complex OR gene expression patterns. In honeybees (Apis mellifera), a significant expansion of OR genes implies a selection preference for the olfactory demands of social insects.

Programming a multiplex lanthanide nanoparticle for customized cancer treatment with real-time efficiency feedback.

Customized cancer therapy relies on timely therapeutic effect evaluation to provide prescription adjustment for individual cases. However, currently reported therapeutic reagents are rarely integrated with imaging probes for self-evaluation of effects. Contrast imaging agents to measure tumor size changes must be administrated separately after therapy, complicating the therapeutic process and delaying reporting time.

Cefoxitin inhibits the formation of biofilm involved in antimicrobial resistance MDR .

The study investigates the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in () isolated from calves. Using biochemical and molecular methods, we identified the isolates and assessed their biofilm-forming ability through an improved crystal violet staining method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antibiotics against the isolates were determined using the broth microdilution method.

and evaluation of the effects of condensed tannins and catechins monomers on antioxidant and intestinal health of Chinese seabass ().

Plant-derived condensed tannins (CT) exhibit strong bioactivity of antioxidant, immunostimulation and intestinal protection, but with little clues of the mechanism of action. Since CT are consist of catechins (CAs) monomers, e.g.

Bullying victimization and mental health problems of boarding adolescents in rural China: the role of self-esteem and parenting styles.

Background: The mental health of adolescents is the key to ensure their smooth growth. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism between bullying victimization and boarding adolescents' mental health problems in rural China.

Methods: A total of 2155 boarding adolescents from middle schools (N = 936, N = 1219, M = 13.

pH-responsive and self-adaptive injectable sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel accelerates infected wound healing by bacteriostasis and immunomodulation.

Infected wound healing is a global medical challenge due to persistent bacterial infection and excess inflammation. Designing microenvironment-responsive and self-adaptive hydrogels with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties is expected to be an effective strategy to promote infected wound healing. In this study, a self-adaptive injectable sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel (SCSC) for pH-responsive release of curcumin has been prepared at room temperature by simple stirring.

Heterologous expression of in Arabidopsis affected branch angle and secondary vascular system development.

To investigate the biological functions of () in . In this study, was cloned from , and an overexpression and subcellular localization expression vector for the gene was constructed. The gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis and analyzed for phenotypic changes.

Mechanistic insight into multiple effects of copper ion on the photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter.

Sunlight irradiation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface water results in the production of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs). This process is inevitably influenced by co-existing metal ions in aquatic environments; However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the effect of co-existing copper ion (Cu) on PPRIs produced by irradiation of DOM was systematically investigated, because Cu is a typical redox transient cation and has strong affinity to DOM.

AmelOBP4: an antenna-specific odor-binding protein gene required for olfactory behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera).

Background: Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) initiate the process of odorant perception. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that OBPs bind a broad variety of chemicals and are more likely to carry pheromones or odor molecules with high binding affinities. However, few studies have investigated its effects on insect behavior.

Key role of persistent free radicals in soil for persulfate activation: impacts on benzo[]pyrene degradation.

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been widely detected in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils, but the activation of persulfate by inherent EPFRs in PAH-contaminated soil for the transformation of PAHs remains unclear. In the present study, benzo[]pyrene (B[]P) was selected as a representative PAH and its transformation in a persulfate/B[]P-contaminated soil system was studied without the addition of any other activator. Results indicated that EPFRs in the soil activated persulfate to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and degraded B[]P.