Heat-responsive ame-miR-1-3p modulates thermotolerance in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.).

Thermal stress significantly harms the survival, physiology and development of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). miRNAs are emerging as key regulators of environmental stress responses.

Sublethal effect and detoxifying metabolism of metaflumizone and indoxacarb on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a highly polyphagous invasive pest that damages various crops.

Knockdown of the glutamate-gated chloride channel gene decreases emamectin benzoate susceptibility in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Emamectin benzoate (EB), a derivative of avermectin, is the primary insecticide used to control the fall armyworm (FAW) in China. However, the specific molecular targets of EB against FAW remain unclear. In this study, we cloned the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) gene, which is known to be a primary molecular target for avermectin.

In vitro inhalation bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of difenoconazole in the atmosphere.

Background: Assessment of the risk of pesticide inhalation in populations around farmland is necessary because inhalation is one of the ways in which pesticides can risk human health. This study aimed to identify the inhalation risk of difenoconazole on humans by using dose-response and exposure assessments.

Results: In the field simulation application, respiratory exposure in populations around farmland ranged from 71 to 430 ng/m .

Conserved Odorant Receptor, EcorOR4, Mediates Attraction of Mated Female to 1-Octen-3-ol.

Odorant receptors (ORs) in insects are crucial for the detection of chemical signals. However, the functions of the conserved OR genes among insect species are rarely studied. In this study, we analyzed a well-conserved OR clade in Diptera insects and cloned a gene from this clade, , in the hoverfly .

Enantioselective Ugi and Ugi-azide reactions catalyzed by anionic stereogenic-at-cobalt(III) complexes.

Ugi reactions and related variations are proven to be atom and step-economic strategies for construction of highly valuable peptide-like skeletons and nitrogenous heterocycles. The development of structurally diverse range of novel catalytic systems and the discovery of new approaches to accommodate a broader scope of terminating reagents for asymmetric Ugi four-component reaction is still in high demand. Here, we report a strategy that enables enantioselective Ugi four-component and Ugi-azide reactions employing anionic stereogenic-at-cobalt(III) complexes as catalysts.

Control efficacy and joint toxicity of metaflumizone mixed with chlorantraniliprole or indoxacarb against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Background: The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is the main destructive pest of grain crops, and has led to substantial economic losses worldwide. Chemical pesticides are the most effective way to manage FAW. Here, a laboratory test using an artificial diet-incorporated assay was conducted to determine the toxicity of five insecticides and the joint effect of the binary combination insecticides to FAW larvae.

Identification and pharmacological characterization of histamine-gated chloride channels in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Histamine-gated chloride channels (HACls) mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission in invertebrate nervous systems and have important roles in light reception, color processing, temperature preference and light-dark cycle. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is a main destructive pest of grain and row crops. However, the pharmacological characterization of HACls in S.

Anionic Chiral Co(III) Complexes Mediated Asymmetric Halocyclization─Synthesis of 5-Halomethyl Pyrazolines and Isoxazolines.

An asymmetric synthesis of 5-halomethyl pyrazolines and isoxazolines which bear a tertiary stereocenter by catalytic halocyclization of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones and ketoximes is described. By using Brønsted acids of anionic chiral Co(III) complexes as catalysts, a variety of chiral 5-halomethyl pyrazolines and isoxazolines were obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 97:3 er). Preliminary bioassay results indicated that several isoxazoline derivatives exhibited significant antifungal activities.

Gut microbiota-involved metabolism and intestinal absorption mechanisms in decreasing bioaccessibility of triadimefon in strawberry and grape.

Gut microbiota-involved metabolism and intestinal absorption affecting bioaccessibility of triadimefon in strawberry and grape were investigated for the first time by coupling the in vitro digestion model with the Caco-2 cell model. Results showed that the gut microbiota decreased the bioaccessibility of triadimefon in strawberry by 31.00% but failed in grape, probably due to a negative modulation of the colon bacterial activity by dietary components in grapes.

Identification of Olfactory Genes From the Greater Wax Moth by Antennal Transcriptome Analysis.

The olfactory system is used by insects to find hosts, mates, and oviposition sites. Insects have different types of olfactory proteins, including odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) to perceive chemical cues from the environment. The greater wax moth, , is an important lepidopteran pest of apiculture.

Acceptable risk of fenpropathrin and emamectin benzoate in the minor crop Mugua (Chaenomeles speciosa) after postharvest processing.

Production of minor crop varieties often requires intensive pesticide use, which raises serious concerns over food safety and human health. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai as one of the representative of this kind of crops is therefore used for investigating the residue behavior of fenpropathrin and emamectin benzoate, a synthetic pyrethroid and macrocyclic lactone widely used as an insecticide, respectively, from cultivation to C. speciosa postharvest processing.

Aromatic Volatiles and Odorant Receptor 25 Mediate Attraction of to Flowers.

Flowering plants attract pollinators with volatile chemicals that include aromatic compounds. Syrphid flies are the largest group of flower visitors in Diptera, but little is known about how they detect floral scents at the molecular level. Here, electroantennogram (EAG) recordings from the antennae of were used to measure responses from 14 aromatic compounds.

Gut microbiota influence on oral bioaccessibility and intestinal transport of pesticides in Chaenomeles speciosa.

There is limited research focusing on the effects of human gut microbiota on the oral bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of pesticide residues in food. In the present study, we use a modified setup of the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem for the determination of pesticide residue bioaccessibility in Chaenomeles speciosa, and a Caco-2 cell model of human intestinal absorption. Results showed that gut microbiota played a dual role based their effects on contaminant release and metabolism in the bioaccessibility assay, and Lactobacillus plantarum was one of key bacterial species in the gut microbiota that influenced pesticide stability significantly.

Discovery of novel multi-substituted benzo-indole pyrazole schiff base derivatives with antibacterial activity targeting DNA gyrase.

The design and synthesis of novel multi-substituted benzo-indole pyrazole Schiff base derivatives of potent DNA gyrase inhibitory activity were the main aims of this study. All the novel synthesized compounds were examined for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. In addition, we selected 20 compounds for the in vitro antibacterial activities assay of 6 drug-resistant bacteria strains.

Dissipation Behavior of Three Fungicides during the Industrial Processing of Alba and Associated Processing Factors.

Before being administered as medicinal products, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) must be processed and decocted for human consumption. While the presence of pesticide residues in CHMs is a major concern, pesticide dissipation behavior during CHM processing has rarely been reported. In this study, the dissipation of three pesticide residues in the CHM Alba (PRA) was investigated during each step of industrial processing.

Analysis of the pesticide behavior in Chaenomelis speciosa and the role of digestive enzyme in vitro oral bioaccessibility.

Problems with pesticide residues in medicinal and edible plant have received great attention. The dietary exposure risk induced by presence of pesticide residues depends on its release from the food matrix, i.e.

Interactions of food matrix and dietary components on neonicotinoid bioaccessibility in raw fruit and vegetables.

Humans are frequently exposed to the residues of various neonicotinoids, highlighting the need to understand human exposure through oral ingestion of contaminated foods. In this study, the effects of different food matrices (tomato, cucumber, and carrot) and their interaction with dietary component additives, including proteins and dietary fiber, was investigated. The results showed that the presence of a food matrix had a significant effect on the bioaccessibility of neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid) in both the gastric and intestinal environments.

Evaluation of the bitter components of bamboo shoots using a metabolomics approach.

Bamboo shoots, most of which are bitter in taste, are a traditional vegetable eaten in Asia. However, our understanding of the components responsible for this bitterness is limited. In this study, we used metabolomic and phytochemical analyses to scientifically study bamboo shoot bitterness.

Toxicity of essential oil to the mitochondrion and NAD/NADH dehydrogenase in .

Background: In our previous study, essential oil (EO) was considered to have an insecticidal effect by acting on the mitochondrial respiratory chain in insects. However, the mode of action is not fully understood.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the insecticidal efficacy of the EO against another major stored-product pest, Jacquelin du Val.

Repellent action and contact toxicity mechanisms of the essential oil extracted from Chinese chive against Plutella xylostella larvae.

Botanical pesticides play increasingly important roles in the control of agricultural pests. In this study, the insecticidal effects, specifically the repellent action and contact toxicity, of the essential oil extracted from Chinese chive (EOC) against Plutella xylostella larvae were confirmed. The mechanisms of repellent's action were studied using electroantennograms (EAGs), and the effects on glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CarE), and acetyl cholinesterase were investigated after EOC treatments.

Design, synthesis, and antifungal activity of novel cinnamon-pyrazole carboxamide derivatives.

Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery To discover succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors with a novel structure, we introduced cinnamic acid structure to optimize the lead structure 1 and synthesized four series of cinnamon-pyrazole carboxamide derivatives. The bioassay data showed that compounds (E)-N-(1-[4-chlorophenyl]-4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl) acrylamide (5III-d) and (E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-[4-chlorophenyl]-4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) acrylamide (5III-f) showed the significant antifungal activity against three fungi. In addition, 5III-d and 5III-f exhibited the excellent inhibitory effect against succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzymes with IC values ranging from 19.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel flavone Mannich base derivatives as potential antibacterial agents.

A series of novel Mannich base derivatives of flavone containing benzylamine moiety was synthesized using the Mannich reaction. The results of antifungal activity are not ideal, but its antifungal effect has a certain increase compared to flavonoids. After that, four bacteria were used to test antibacterial experiments of these compounds; compound 5g (MIC = 0.