Functional characterization of the plastidial enzyme GPAT in microalgae and its potential role in lipid biosynthesis.

Microalgae are a rich source of high-value natural products. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has long been used as a model organism for studying lipid metabolism in photosynthetic organisms. Here, we comprehensively characterized the enzymatic activity and substrate preferences of the plastidial glycerol-3-phosphate:acyl-CoA acyltransferase (GPAT1) from C.

Insights into the chronic toxicity and mechanisms of fluorine-containing pesticides on earthworms.

Fluorine-containing pesticides are widely applied in agriculture, yet their chronic ecotoxic effects on soil organisms remain understudied. This study evaluated the toxicity of three pesticides on Eisenia fetida through a 56-day soil exposure at gradient concentrations (fluxapyroxad:C1:62.5,C2:250, C3:1000 mg a.

2D Confined Crystallization of Precisely Synthesized POSS-Containing Homopolymers Beyond Chain Folding Model.

This study investigates the influence of chain length on the crystalline structure and thermodynamic behavior of side-chain polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing homopolymers. A series of precisely synthesized POSS-containing polymers with exact chain lengths was prepared using precision chemistry. Comprehensive characterization revealed that the covalent attachment of crystalline POSS cages to the polymer backbone confined their crystallization to a 2D lattice, fundamentally distinct from the chain-folding mechanism of conventional polymers.

Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis through neuropilin-1/type 2 innate lymphoid cells pathway.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, high mortality, and limited therapeutic options. Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1), a major bioactive saponin derived from Panax notoginseng, possesses notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting therapeutic potential in fibrotic diseases. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of NG-R1 in a mouse model of IPF induced by bleomycin (BLM), a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to mimic pulmonary fibrosis.

Cell-supporting cytoskeletons and phagocytic acquisition of compatible solutes emerge as common strategies for high-salt adaptation in different ciliates.

Understanding the adaptation of organisms to extreme environments is a fascinating topic in biology. Ciliated eukaryotes (ciliates) that inhabit high-salinity environments exhibit remarkable diversity. We revealed various structural and molecular adaptations through a comprehensive investigation of Schmidingerothrix, a ciliate tolerant to salinity levels of up to 25%.

Occurrence, molecular transformation and prioritizing environmental risks of organic nitrogen in aqueous phase from hydrothermal carbonization of waste activated sludge.

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly method for treating waste activated sludge (WAS). However, the aqueous phase by-product (carbonization liquid, CL) presents a significant challenge because of its high nitrogen content and complex organic composition, which remains inadequately explored. This study uses non-targeted screening and mass-difference analysis to research organic nitrogen compounds (Org-Ns) in CL.

Pollution profiles and human health risk assessment of BPA analogues in seafood from a Chinese coastal city.

With the restrictions on bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol analogues (BPs) have become prevalent in the environment and organisms. Diet is a major route for human exposed to BPs, and seafood is a significant dietary component, particularly for coastal residents. We collected 31 seafood samples from the largest seafood market in Lianyungang and detected 11 BPs.

Treatment of hard-to-heal ulcerative wounds with manually separated allogeneic platelets mixed with cryoprecipitate: three case reports.

Objective: To report the effectiveness of allogeneic manual platelet separation and cryoprecipitate gel on hard-to-heal (chronic) wound healing in patients of older age.

Method: Three patients aged 70-72 years were selected for this study. Among them, one had hard-to-heal diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), one had developed large pressure injuries on the gluteal area, and one suffered from a purulent ulcer of the lower extremity.

The role of CddA and cGNAT2 in crotonylation of proteins in cyanobacteria.

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly identified posttranslational modification that plays an important role in diverse biological processes; however, its distribution, function, and regulation in photosynthetic organisms remain largely unknown. Cyanobacteria are the most ancient prokaryotes capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and play a vital role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. We examined all predicted Kcr regulatory enzymes in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.

Aspirin improves short and long term survival outcomes of patients with sepsis associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis, characterized by altered mental status and contributing to higher mortality. Aspirin, an antiplatelet agent with anti-inflammatory properties, may improve outcomes in patients with SAE. This study aims to evaluate the effect of aspirin on the prognosis of patients with SAE.

The maternal vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 signaling relay system controls offspring wing dimorphism in pea aphid.

Aphid wing dimorphism is a textbook example of transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, but the signaling mechanism from mother to daughter remains unclear. We showed that the physical contact and crowding treatment caused high proportion of winged offspring in the pea aphid . RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicated that the expression of brain () and embryonic () were increased by physical contact and crowding treatments.

Residue and metabolism of imidacloprid in cherry radish using a C study: Implications for food safety.

Although imidacloprid is widely used and registered for radish cultivation in China, its metabolic fate in radish remains unclear, posing uncertainties in consumer safety. Herein, we employed C-imidacloprid to elucidate its distribution and metabolism in cherry radish. Residue analysis showed higher accumulation in shoots (1.

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation upregulates BDNF expression and promotes synaptogenesis in mouse models of Parkinson's disease.

Synaptic dysfunction exists before symptoms occur in Parkinson's disease, and restoring synaptic function as a promising therapeutic approach. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serves as a key neuroregulatory factor in regulating synaptic function. Studies have shown that the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is low in Parkinson's disease mice.

Biosynthesis of ginsenoside compound K in Panax japonicus by metabolic regulation.

Ginsenoside compound K (CK) exhibits valuable pharmacological activity and has potential applications in the development of antitumor and immunity-enhancing drugs. As a metabolite of ginsenosides in the gut, ginsenoside CK is generally considered a kind of non-natural ginsenoside that cannot be synthesized in Panax species. In this study, necessary genetic modules for ginsenoside CK biosynthesis were found in Panax species, more specifically, in Panax japonicas (P.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the aphid Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi).

The S. heraclei (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a destructive pest of cultivated insectary plant Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss.

A new strategy for removing insecticide etoxazole from soil using a combination of a novel Paracoccus versutus Y4 and a fungal mycelium carrier.

Etoxazole is a widely used insecticide that poses a serious threat to both ecosystems and human health. In present study, a novel strain Paracoccus versutus Y4 was isolated and identified. More than 98 % of the etoxazole (10 mg/L) was degraded as the sole carbon source within 8 d by strain Y4 in liquid culture.

PKA plays a conserved role in regulating gene expression and metabolic adaptation by phosphorylating Rpd3/HDAC1.

Cells need to reprogram their metabolism to adapt to extracellular nutrient changes. The yeast histone acetyltransferase SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase) has been reported to acetylate its subunit Ada3 and form homo-dimers to enhance its ability to acetylate nucleosomes and facilitate metabolic gene transcription. How cells transduce extracellular nutrient changes to SAGA structure and function changes remains unclear.

The relevance of resveratrol in ameliorating carotid atherosclerosis through glycolysis.

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) poses a pressing challenge in contemporary medicine. Glycolysis is a crucial bioenergetic metabolic pathway that provides the primary energy source for endothelial cells. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural compound that has been shown to possess AS.

Melatonin-Stimulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Carrying LINC00052 Alleviate Hyperoxic Lung Injury by Promoting miR-152-3p-KLF4-Nrf2 Pathway.

Exposure of the lungs to high O2 levels, can lead to a noninfectious lung damage known as hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI). Melatonin stimulation can enhance the efficacy of stem cells in some diseases. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) stimulated by melatonin in HILI.

Comprehensive review on in vitro bioaccessibility of mercury in various foodstuffs.

Accurate assessment of dietary mercury (Hg) exposure and effective risk mitigation rely on a thorough understanding of its bioaccessibility. However, current knowledge of Hg bioaccessibility remains fragmented, with individual studies focusing on specific food types and influencing factors. This hinders the development of comprehensive strategies to achieve Hg exposure-related Sustainable Development Goals.

Expert consensus on orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontal disease.

Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health, function, and aesthetics, ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability. Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues, especially in severe cases. Therefore, close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment, along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process, is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes.

Toxic Effects of Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) Methane (BPF) on the Development and Reproduction of .

Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane (BPF), as a bisphenolic compound, has toxic effects on organisms such as endocrine disruption and immobilization of growth and development. This study evaluated the effect concentrations of BPF on and investigated the impact of BPF exposure at various sub-lethal concentrations on the growth, development, and reproductive capacity of different instars of . The results demonstrated that exposure at concentrations of 2.

Bioinsecticide control and enzymatic responses in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious invasive pest, which has attracted concern regarding the effectiveness of environmental bioinsecticide as a substitution for synthetic insecticide in controlling its damage to numerous agricultural crops in recent years. Hence, laboratory and field experiments have investigated insecticidal toxicity in S. frugiperda by 5 insecticides and have determined the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and detoxifying enzymes, namely mixed function oxidase (MFO), carboxylesterase (CarE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) on 3rd instar larvae at 25% lethal concentration (LC) to explore detoxification mechanisms.

Occurrence, Removal, and Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of 18 Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Nanjing, China.

This study analyzed the characteristics of 18 endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) detected in four wastewater treatment plants in Nanjing, China. The removal efficiency, ecological and health risks of EDCs were evaluated. The results showed that EDCs were detected to different degrees, with prednisone as the main contributor, and the total concentrations of EDCs ranged from 532.