RING-Between-RING-Type E3 Ligase Ariadne-Like Protein 8 Negatively Regulates Plant Virus Infection by Targeting a Viral Movement Protein.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a highly conserved machinery that plays a crucial role in plant defense against viruses. However, the number of E3 ligases targeting viral proteins remains limited. Although RING-between-RING (RBR)-type E3 ligases are evolutionarily conserved across organisms, their functions in plant responses to biotic stress remain largely unknown.

The barley m6A demethylase HvALKBH1B undergoes phase separation to enhance immunity to a plant rhabdovirus.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant RNA modifications and plays important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, how m6A affects the infection cycles of plant viruses, especially plant negative-stranded RNA (NSR) viruses, remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the accessory gene P6 mRNA of the insect-borne plant rhabdovirus barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) harbors a high level of m6A modification.

Simultaneous Analysis of Nine Aromatic Amines in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Using Modified QuEChERS and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

A modified QuEChERS method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to detect nine aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke simultaneously. In this study, a Cambridge filter pad, impregnated with a hydrochloric acid-ethanol solution, was used to trap aromatic amines in vapor and particulate phases in mainstream cigarette smoke. The collection efficiency of aromatic amines for this method was significantly improved compared with conventional methods of trapping aromatic amines using a combination of Cambridge filter pad followed by impinger traps containing dilute acid solution.

[Effects of nicotine exposure on endogenous metabolites in mouse brain based on metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging].

Nicotine, the principal alkaloid in tobacco, exhibits significant central nervous system activity and induces a wide array of physiological effects. In addition to its well-documented role in tobacco dependence, previous studies have suggested that nicotine also has diverse pharmacological properties. These include alleviating symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, potentially reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease, mitigating oxidative stress, as well as anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects.

DEAD-box RNA helicase RH20 positively regulates RNAi-based antiviral immunity in plants by associating with SGS3/RDR6 bodies.

RNA silencing plays a crucial role in defending against viral infections in diverse eukaryotic hosts. Despite extensive studies on core components of the antiviral RNAi pathway such as DCLs, AGOs and RDRs proteins, host factors involved in antiviral RNAi remain incompletely understood. In this study, we employed the proximity labelling approach to identify the host factors required for antiviral RNAi in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal cellular and molecular responses to low nitrogen in burley tobacco leaves.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is cultivated and consumed worldwide. It requires great amounts of nitrogen (N) to achieve the best yield and quality. With a view to sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, developing new genotypes with high productivity under low N conditions is an important approach.

The interaction between alpha-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder with the hallmark of abnormal aggregates of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs). Currently, pathogenic α-syn and mitochondrial dysfunction have been considered as prominent roles that give impetus to the PD onset. This review describes the α-syn pathology and mitochondrial alterations in PD, and focuses on how α-syn interacts with multiple aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis in the pathogenesis of PD.

Total Glucosides of White Paeony Capsule ameliorates Parkinson's disease-like behavior in MPTP-induced mice model by regulating LRRK2/alpha-synuclein signaling.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Total Glucosides of White Paeony Capsule (TGPC), one of the traditional Chinese patent medicines, has been used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical practice. Besides, the components of TGPC are extracted from Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) and have displayed neuroprotective properties.

Aim Of The Study: The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-PD-like effects of TGPC on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice model and explore its potential molecular mechanisms.

Production, characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide from Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY-Z1.

At present, the study on exopolysaccharid is mainly focused on lactic acid bacteria, and the research on exopolysaccharide produced by yeast, especially Sporidiobolus pararoseus, is relatively few. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the characterization and antioxidant activities of a novel neutral exopolysaccharide SPZ, which was isolated and purified from S. pararoseus PFY-Z1.

Investigation of exposure biomarkers in human plasma following differing levels of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and nicotine in cigarette smoke.

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) are strong carcinogens widely found in tobacco products, environmental tobacco smoke, lake, and wastewater. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke with different yields of TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NAT, NAB) and nicotine on the levels of biomarkers of exposure in smokers' plasma. Three hundred healthy volunteers were recruited comprising 60 smokers of each of 3 mg, 8 mg and 10 mg ISO tar yield cigarettes and 60 smokers who smoked 10 mg, 8 mg, and 3 mg for 14 days sequentially and 60 non-smokers.

RNA In Situ Hybridization of Detecting Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Shoots of Nicotiana benthamiana Plants.

RNA in situ hybridization, a histological technique derived from Southern blotting and northern blotting, has been an important approach in biology studies for many years. In the studies of virus-plant interactions, RNA in situ hybridization provides a direct visualization of viral RNA in host plants. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for viral RNA in situ hybridization that has been successfully used to detect Cucumber mosaic virus genome (CMV) RNAs in shoots of N.

Neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease through α-synuclein/protein kinase C δ subtype signaling pathway.

Objectives: Paeoniflorin, an active component of Radix Paeoniae Alba, has a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's animal models. However, its mechanism of action remains to be determined.

Methods: In this study, we hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin occurs through the α-synuclein/protein kinase C δ subtype (PKC-δ) signaling pathway.

Assessment of HCMV-encoded microRNAs in plasma as potential biomarkers in pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infections and can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). HCMV encodes multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) that have been reported to be partially related to host immune responses, cell cycle regulation, viral replication, and viral latency, and can be detected in human plasma. However, the relevance for HCMV-encoded miRNAs in maternal plasma as an indicator for APOs has never been evaluated.

Harmful chemicals of heat not burn product and its induced oxidative stress of macrophages at air-liquid interface: Comparison with ultra-light cigarette.

Background: Harmful and potential harmful chemicals (HPHCs) and oxidative stress of macrophages are major factors responsible for smoking-caused chronic respiratory diseases. However, comparisons of HPHCs among heat not burn (HnB) product and ultra-light cigarette and their induced oxidative stress of macrophages have not been investigated.

Aim: The study detected HPHCs deliveries from HnB and ultra-light and measured their induced oxidative stress of macrophages cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI).

Relationship between cobalt transporter II gene rs9606756 site mutant and serum homocysteine level and recurrent cerebral infarction in young and middle-aged people.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cobalt transporter II gene (rs1801198, rs2301957, rs9606756) polymorphism on serum homocysteine level and its correlation with young and middle recurrent cerebral infarction.

Methods: A total of 348 young and middle-aged patients with cerebral infarction admitted to The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University from January 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into recurrent and non-recurrent groups according to follow-up.

Circular RNA circ_0008450 upregulates CXCL9 expression by targeting miR-577 to regulate cell proliferation and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

As a kind of malignant tumor, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has attracted increasing attention from researchers. As a member of the circular RNA (circRNA) family, circ_0008450 has been investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma but not in NPC. This study aims to reveal the special biologic role and mechanism of circ_0008450 in NPC.

Fucosyltransferase 8 deficiency suppresses breast cancer cell migration by interference of the FAK/integrin pathway.

Background And Objective: Fucosyltranferase 8 (FUT8), which catalyzes core fucosylation of glycopeptides, plays important roles in cancer development. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of FUT8 expression on migration ability of human breast cancer cells and its potential mechanisms.

Methods: The core fucosylation levels in normal and FUT8 deficient MCF-7 cells were analyzed by lectin LCA blots.

Enhanced expression of circular RNA circ-DCAF6 predicts adverse prognosis and promotes cell progression via sponging miR-1231 and miR-1256 in gastric cancer.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as essential regulators in various malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). Previously, circ-DCAF6 was screened as an elevated circRNA in GC patients' tissue samples compared with the normal tissues. To our knowledge, the role of circ-DCAF6 in human cancers is still needed to reveal.

Overexpression of long noncoding RNA LINC01296 indicates an unfavorable prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in female worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play imperative roles in cancer cell initiation and progression. Recently, aberrantly expressed LINC01296 was observed in several malignancies.

Cucumber mosaic virus coat protein modulates the accumulation of 2b protein and antiviral silencing that causes symptom recovery in planta.

Shoot apical meristems (SAM) are resistant to most plant viruses due to RNA silencing, which is restrained by viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to facilitate transient viral invasion of the SAM. In many cases chronic symptoms and long-term virus recovery occur, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we found that wild-type Cucumber mosaic virus (CMVWT) invaded the SAM transiently, but was subsequently eliminated from the meristems.

Improved Pathogenicity of a Beet Black Scorch Virus Variant by Low Temperature and Co-infection with Its Satellite RNA.

Co-infection of none-coding satellite RNAs (sat-RNAs) usually inhibits replication and attenuates disease symptoms of helper viruses. However, we find that the sat-RNA of (BBSV) and low temperature (18°C) additively enhance the systemic infection of BBSV in . Northern blotting hybridization revealed a relatively reduced accumulation of BBSV-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in presence of sat-RNA as compared to that of BBSV alone.

Fucosyltransferase 8 expression in breast cancer patients: A high throughput tissue microarray analysis.

The aim of this study was to compare the expression of fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) in breast cancer tissue and to investigate the relationship between this marker with tumor progression and its applicability to differential diagnosis. An immunohistochemical study was performed for FUT8 using the tissue microarray technique. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of FUT8 in the tissue were also tested by real-time PCR and Western blot.