The Green and Effective Synthesis of Isoxazole-Based Molecules Under Ultrasonic Irradiation Approaches.

Isoxazole-based molecules constitute a crucial category of heterocyclic compounds with wide-ranging applications across pharmaceutical development, advanced materials, and pesticide synthesis. Traditional synthetic approaches for isoxazole derivatives frequently encounter challenges such as extended reaction periods, severe operating conditions, and reliance on toxic solvents. As an eco-friendly alternative, sonochemistry has emerged as a promising approach for organic synthesis, offering enhanced reaction efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and improved yields.

Column-free purification of functional HIV-1 capsid protein and its application in assembly and inhibitor assays.

The HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) is essential for viral replication and serves as a validated antiviral drug target. Traditional purification of CA relies on multi-step chromatographic protocols, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we established a rapid, column-free purification strategy using a cleavable self-aggregating tag (cSAT) to produce functional wild-type CA protein from E.

Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Surgery: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) drives transformative changes in orthopedic surgery, steering it toward precision and personalization through intelligent applications in preoperative planning, intraoperative assistance, and postoperative rehabilitation/monitoring. Breakthroughs in deep learning, robotics, and multimodal data fusion have enabled AI to demonstrate significant advantages. Nonetheless, current applications face challenges such as limited real-time decision autonomy, fragmented medical data silos, standardization gaps restricting model generalization, and ethical/regulatory frameworks lagging behind technological advancements.

VSMCs in atherosclerosis: Implications on the role of inflammation and extracellular matrix remodelling.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, are effective in reducing plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the risk of ASCVD. However, the residual risk of ASCVD remains very high.

Laparoscopic associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases: A single-center experience.

Background: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a procedure used for patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, the procedure has been reported to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic ALPPS has recently been reported as a minimally invasive technique that reduces perioperative risks.

Structure-function analysis of MhieJHAMT: a key enzyme in Monolepta hieroglyphica juvenile hormone biosynthesis.

Monolepta hieroglyphica, a major pest of Chinese crops, demands effective control. Targeting juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase, a key enzyme in JH production, presents a promising strategy for developing novel, specific insecticides. This study investigated the structure-function of M.

Sestrin2 alleviates cognitive impairment via inhibiting hippocampus ferroptosis in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Cognitive dysfunction is an essential comorbidity that contributing to the whole disease process of the individual of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet its specific mechanism remains controversial due to a lack of cellular and molecular evidence. Our clinical data revealed a significant reduction in total hippocampal volume in patients with COPD, with the CA1 subfield notably smaller and associated with lung function. Long-term CS exposure caused hippocampus impairment, leading to spatial and working memory impairments in COPD model mice.

The usefulness and utilisation of Lu's retractor for unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: A novel endoscopic instrument, Lu's retractor, was developed to address the recurrent issue of limited visualisation during unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spinal surgery. Engineered to optimize the surgical field by mitigating soft tissue interference, this device aims to enhance operative precision and efficiency.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study analyzed 90 consecutive patients who underwent single-level lumbar discectomy via the UBE technique between June 2023 and June 2024.

Secure Tracking Control of Cyber-Physical Systems Against Hybrid Attacks via FAS Terminal Sliding-Mode Predictive Control.

On the basis of fully actuated system (FAS) method, this research focuses on the solution to a secure tracking control problem of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) under a type of hybrid attacks, where a unified framework of hybrid attacks is given to indicate the impacts of random denial-of-service attacks and random false data injection attacks in the forward and backward channels. A FAS terminal sliding-mode predictive control scheme is proposed to achieve the desired secure tracking control performance. First of all, a FAS model of CPSs is constructed to describe the actual dynamics, which is named the fully actuated cyber-physical system (FACPS).

Bibliometric analysis of the application of artificial intelligence in orthopedic imaging.

Background: With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and the increasing significance of imaging in orthopedics, the application of AI in the field of orthopedic imaging is becoming increasingly extensive. Previous studies show that the application of AI-based orthopedic imaging may break the traditional model of the field. As a result, relevant research has received attention, and numerous articles have been published.

Natural product sennoside B disrupts liquid-liquid phase separation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein by inhibiting its RNA-binding activity.

The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SARS-CoV-2, an RNA-binding protein, is capable of undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) during viral infection, which plays a crucial role in virus assembly, replication, and immune regulation. In this study, we developed a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) method for identifying inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 NP-RNA interaction. Using this HTRF-based approach, we identified two natural products, sennoside A and sennoside B, as effective blockers of this interaction.

Portable EEG for assessing attention in educational settings: A scoping review.

Background: Portable EEG provides the opportunity to capture neural correlates of attention in a more naturalistic environment. However, the field is still in its infancy, with varied research aims and methodologies. The current scoping review aims to clarify: (1) the research aims of the studies, (2) the portable EEG collection methodologies, and (3) the EEG measures of attention.

Microplastics exacerbate ferroptosis via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated autophagy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Microplastics (MPs) induce mitochondrial dysfunction and iron accumulation, contributing to mitochondrial macroautophagy/autophagy and ferroptosis, which has increased susceptibility to the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrated that MPs intensified inflammation in COPD by enhancing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis (ADF) in vitro and in vivo. In the lung tissues of patients with COPD, the concentrations of MPs, especially polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), were significantly higher than that of the control group, as detected by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS), with increased iron accumulation.

Rhythms of relief: perspectives on neurocognitive mechanisms of music interventions in ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple neurocognitive deficits. Research suggests that music interventions, both active and passive, may be an effective complementary method of addressing ADHD challenges. This narrative review discusses seven potential neurocognitive mechanisms through which music interventions may help mitigate or alleviate ADHD symptoms, including executive function enhancement, timing improvement, arousal regulation, default mode network modulation, neural entrainment, affective management, and social bonding facilitation.

ADAR1-HNRNPL-Mediated CircCANX Decline Promotes Autophagy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a characteristic chronic airway inflammatory disease that worsens over time, however, there are currently limited clinical therapeutics to suspend its progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which have emerged as functional regulators in various diseases, including COPD, may server as new pharmacological targets in COPD. Here, it is identified a nuclear circRNA, circCANX, that is preferentially decreased in COPD.

Causal Association Between Female Infertility and Circulating Immune Cells: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Female infertility (FI) is a global health issue. The etiology remains incompletely understood, but immunologic factors play important roles. This study aims to elucidate the causal association between FI and immune cells (ICs) via Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Real-time holographic camera for obtaining real 3D scene hologram.

As a frontier technology, holography has important research values in fields such as bio-micrographic imaging, light field modulation and data storage. However, the real-time acquisition of 3D scenes and high-fidelity reconstruction technology has not yet made a breakthrough, which has seriously hindered the development of holography. Here, a novel holographic camera is proposed to solve the above inherent problems completely.

The Type III Secretion System (T3SS) of Escherichia Coli Promotes Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Large-scale studies indicate a strong relationship between the gut microbiome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Here, a higher abundance of the type III secretion system (T3SS) virulence factors of Enterobacteriaceae/Escherichia-Shigella in patients with T2DM-related-ASCVD, which correlates with their atherosclerotic stenosis is reported. Overexpression of T3SS via Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infection in Apoe-/- T2DM mice exacerbated atherosclerotic lesion formation and increased gut permeability.

Evaluating large language models for criterion-based grading from agreement to consistency.

This study evaluates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to deliver criterion-based grading and examines the impact of prompt engineering with detailed criteria on grading. Using well-established human benchmarks and quantitative analyses, we found that even free LLMs achieve criterion-based grading with a detailed understanding of the criteria, underscoring the importance of domain-specific understanding over model complexity. These findings highlight the potential of LLMs to deliver scalable educational feedback.

Pathway and protein channel engineering of for improved production of desthiobiotin and biotin.

Biotin (vitamin B) is a crucial cofactor for various metabolic processes and has significant applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and animal feed. , a well-studied Gram-positive bacterium, presents a promising host for biotin production due to its Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status, robust genetic tractability, and capacity for metabolite secretion. This study focuses on the metabolic engineering of .

Inducible global knockout of surfeit locus protein 4 in adult mice results in hypolipidemia, intestinal lipid accumulation, liver injury, and increased mortality.

Surfeit locus protein 4 (SURF4) acts as a cargo receptor to mediate endoplasmic reticulum export of various cargos. We have shown that SURF4 is essential for secretion of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein and intestinal chylomicron. Knockdown of hepatic Surf4 also significantly reduces the development of atherosclerosis and liver fibrosis without causing overt liver damage.

ASIC1a regulates airway epithelial cell pyroptosis in acute lung injury by NLRP3-Caspase1-GSDMD pathway.

Background: Acidosis is the most common complication that seriously affects the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Acid-sensitive ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is activated in acidic environments to regulate inflammatory process. However, the role of ASIC1a in ARDS is unclear.

Inhibition of mitochondrial OMA1 ameliorates osteosarcoma tumorigenesis.

OMA1 is an ATP-independent zinc metalloprotease essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. Depending on the type of cancer, a decrease in OMA1 expression has been linked to a varying prognosis for patients. The role of OMA1 in human osteosarcoma (OS), one of the most prevalent malignant bone tumors, remains elusive.