CuCo-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Grown on Hierarchical Carbonized Wood as Bifunctional Electrode for Supercapacitor and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Carbonized wood has great potential as a self-supported electrode for energy storage/conversion applications. However, developing efficient and economical bifunctional electrodes by customizing the surface structure remains a challenge. This study proposes a novel multifunctional electrode design strategy, using N/P co-doped carbonized wood (NPCW) as carriers and in situ grows copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) as nucleation centers to induce vertical growth of CuCo-layered double hydroxid (LDH) nanosheets along the substrate.

Hirudin Inhibits Pyroptosis to Alleviate Renal Fibrosis via the mTOR/HIF-1α Pathway.

Hirudin, a polypeptide extracted from medicinal leeches, has demonstrated potential in treating renal fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms by which Hirudin alleviates renal fibrosis. Renal fibrosis models were established using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery in rats and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced HK-2 cells, followed by treatment with different concentrations of Hirudin.

[ Granule improves motor deficits in mouse models of Parkinson's disease by regulating the necroptosis pathway].

Objectives: To investigate the effects of formulated granules of (TGY) on motor deficits in a mouse model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced subacute Parkinson's disease (PD) and explore the possible molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Ninety C57BL/6 mice were randomized equally into 6 groups, including a control group, a PD model group, a NEC-1 (6.5 mg/kg) treatment group, two TGY treatment groups at 5 and 2.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Sauvagesia rhodoleuca (Ochnaceae) provides insights into its genome evolution and demographic history.

Sauvagesia rhodoleuca is an endangered species endemic to southern China. Due to human activities, only six fragmented populations remain in Guangdong and Guangxi. Despite considerable conservation efforts, its demographic history and evolution remain poorly understood, particularly from a genomic perspective.

TCR/BCR Secondary Rearrangement in Autoimmune Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms, Pathogenic Roles, and Therapeutic Frontiers.

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) constitute a group of disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's tissues. The pathogenesis of AIDs involve a breakdown in immune tolerance, culminating in an immune response that targets autoantigens. In adaptive immunity, secondary rearrangement of T cell receptors (TCRs) and B cell receptors (BCRs) involves sequential V(D)J recombination events during lymphocyte development.

Juvenile hormone signaling regulates apoptosis mediated chlorantraniliprole sensitivity in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW) has developed varying degrees of resistance to chlorantraniliprole (CAP). Apoptosis serves as a critical defense mechanism against pesticide stress in insects. Here, we identified a juvenile hormone (JH)-mediated apoptotic pathway through RNA-seq, revealing nine JH-induced apoptosis-related genes (four positively correlated and five negatively correlated).

Mn-doped carbon dots-based fluorescent-colorimetric dual-mode probes for selective and sensitive detection of Cr(VI) ions and l-ascorbic acid via smartphone-integrated analytical platform.

Background: Hexavalent chromium ions (Cr(VI)), a notorious toxic heavy metal pollutant with proven carcinogenicity, endangers human health and the environment. Meanwhile, l-ascorbic acid (L-AA), a vital biological antioxidant, has abnormal levels closely tied to various diseases. Developing efficient synchronous detection methods for these two key analytes is of great value in clinical and environmental monitoring.

Aluminum exposure disturbs epigenetic modification and organelle function during early embryo development.

Aluminum is a lightweight and corrosion-resistant metal element that is widely used in industries, construction, food, and pharmaceuticals, and it can adversely affect multiple organ systems including the nervous system, skeletal system, reproductive system, blood system, and immune system. In present study, we investigated the effects of aluminum exposure on mammalian embryo development. Our data demonstrate that aluminum exposure induces mouse early embryo development defects, including those at the zygotes and 2-cell stages, causing a decrease in general transcription activity.

Levofloxacin-induced seizure susceptibility involves both enhanced glutamatergic and impaired GABAergic synaptic function.

Levofloxacin (LVFX)-associated seizures are thought to arise from disrupted excitatory-inhibitory balance, but the underlying synaptic mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated how LVFX alters both glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission to promote neuronal hyperexcitability. We combined in vitro and in vivo approaches using primary cortical neurons treated with LVFX and adult rats administered LVFX.

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/clove essential oil composite hydrogel with integrated antibacterial, antifreeze, and conductive properties as a wearable sensor for human motion monitoring.

Conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for flexible wearable electronics; however, their facile fabrication remains challenging. This study presents an antifreeze, antibacterial, and conductive hydrogel constructed from biomacromolecules sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The hydrogel was synthesized via a simple one-pot method in an ethylene glycol/water (EG/H₂O) binary solvent system, incorporating lithium chloride (LiCl) and clove essential oil (CEO), followed by a single freeze-thaw cycle.

Direct electrocatalytic depolymerization of lignin using a thermally stable organic salt electrolyte: performance and mechanistic insights.

Electrochemical depolymerization of lignin to produce low molecular weight aromatic compounds is characterized by mild conditions and low carbon emissions. However, using non-metallic catalysts for this process faces challenges in terms of selectivity and activity. This study found that high-melting-point organic salts - tetra-n-butyl tetrafluoroborate (TBABF), can function simultaneously as a catalyst and oxidant at room temperature and in air, effectively catalyzing the CO bond cleavage in lignin.

Development of six novel dinuclear calcium(II) complexes based on 8-hydroxyquinoline as anticancer agents.

This study reports the synthesis and antitumor evaluation of six novel dinuclear calcium(II) complexes with the general formula [Ca(μ-O)(QM)(QH)], designated as CaQ1 through CaQ6. These complexes incorporate various deprotonated 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands (H-QM-H-QM) and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives (QH), synthesized using Ca(NO)·4HO. The specific compositions are as follows: CaQ1: H-QM = 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (x = 1), QH = bathophenanthroline; CaQ2: H-QM = 5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol (x = 2), QH = bathophenanthroline; CaQ3: H-QM = 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (x = 3), QH = 1,10-phenanthroline; CaQ4: H-QM = 5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol (x = 2), QH = 1,10-phenanthroline; CaQ5: H-QM = clioquinol (x = 4), QH = 1,10-phenanthroline; CaQ6: H-QM = 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (x = 1), QH = 1,10-phenanthroline.

A network approach to the relationship between adolescents' problem behaviors, psychological abuse and neglect, and school connectedness.

Background: Problem behaviors profoundly disrupt adolescents' overall quality of life, interpersonal relationships, and ability to engage effectively in learning. These behaviors are deeply influenced by psychological abuse, neglect, and school connectedness. Using a network approach to explore the relationships between these variables can provide new perspectives for reducing adolescent problem behaviors.

The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications of PANoptosis in ischemic diseases.

The singular forms of programmed cell death (PCD), including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, are inadequate for comprehensively elucidating the complex pathological mechanisms underlying ischemic diseases. PANoptosis is a unique lytic, innate immune, and inflammatory cell death pathway, initiated by innate immune sensors and driven by caspases and RIPKs through PANoptosome complexes. In diseases like cerebral ischemia, retinal ischemia, myocardial ischemia, renal ischemia, and spinal cord ischemia, targeting key regulatory factors of PANoptosis can help mitigate tissue damage.

Formoterol, a clinically approved drug, inhibits ferroptosis by suppressing lipid peroxidation and attenuates APAP-induced acute liver injury.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by lethal lipid peroxidation and implicated in various human diseases. Despite intensive research, clinically applicable ferroptosis inhibitors remain unavailable. In this study, we identify formoterol, a β-adrenergic agonist widely used to treat asthma and COPD, as a potent and selective ferroptosis inhibitor through scaffold-based screening of FDA-approved drugs.

Deep learning-assisted system improves practical effect in cervical cytopathology diagnosis: A comparative study of reading modes.

Deep learning (DL) has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of cytopathologists. However, current DL-assisted reading modes have yet to be fully evaluated, and there is limited evidence regarding cytopathologists' preferences and experiences. This study employs a randomized, controlled, four-way crossover design to assess the effectiveness of four different reading modes in cervical cytopathology readings.

Discarded sericultural mulberry branch based triple layer composite phase change material with lignin enhanced thermal management capability.

With the exhaustion of fossil fuels, prior phase change materials are characterized by such drawbacks as poor thermal conductivity, weak shape stability, and high costs. Therefore, the preparation of phase change materials with brilliant thermal-insulating properties, high thermal conductivity, and leakage-free properties has emerged as a crucial research focus. Herein, a sericultural mulberry branch-derived (SMB) composite phase change material was prepared by deep eutectic solvent pretreated SMB and vacuum-assisted impregnated paraffin wax with cupric oxide (CuO).

LncSSBP1/FOXO3 axis modulates autophagy: a novel insight into bronchial epithelial cells defense against Talaromyces marneffei in-fection.

Background: While autophagy is pivotal in antimicrobial defense, its regulatory role in Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infected bronchial epithelium remains elusive.

Objective: To elucidate the impact of TM infection on autophagy in bronchial epithelial cells and to identify the key molecular regulators involved in this process.

Methods: Primary computational screening identified core autophagy modulators.

Protective Role of Bre1 in Mitochondrial Function and Energy Metabolism in Drosophila Models of Parkinson's disease.

Background: The second most common cause of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) can be attributed to mutations in the PINK1 gene, malfunction of the mitochondria is the key pathological mechanism. Bre1 encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, with the discovery of Bre1's role in repairing mitochondrial damage, further investigation into its implications for PD is warranted.

Methods: We used the PINK1B9 drosophila melanogaster as the PD model.

Sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam increase fecundity on Bactrocera dorsalis.

Sublethal concentrations of insecticides are commonly encountered in agricultural environments, particularly by pests such as the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), which primarily infests host plants during the larval stage. Sublethal concentrations of insecticides can elicit a wide range of effects; therefore, it is important to consider the impact of thiamethoxam, a registered control insecticide for B. dorsalis.

An oomycete effector targets host calmodulin to suppress plant immunity.

Tropical and subtropical fruit trees face serious threats of oomycete-caused plant diseases. However, the molecular mechanism by which oomycete pathogens suppress the immunity of these fruit trees remains largely unclear. Effectors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of plant pathogenic oomycetes.

A Benzothiazole Derived Fluorescent Sensor for Real-time Detection of Aluminums Ion and Application in Real Samples and Living Cells.

Excessive aluminum ions (Al) contaminate environmental water bodies, and once they remain in the human body, they will pose a threat to human health. In this paper, a benzothiazole-based fluorescent sensor named BHMH for detecting Al was successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized. It exhibited remarkable selectivity and sensitivity, manifested by a substantial fluorescence augmentation and a discernible color alteration in the presence of Al.

Preparation and Recognition Performance of Fleroxacin Ratio Fluorescent Paper-based Sensor Based On Molecularly Imprinted Polymer.

The pervasive concern regarding veterinary drug residues in food necessitates advanced detection solutions, particularly addressing limitations of conventional methods reliant on large-scale instrumentation that incur prolonged analysis duration, complex sample preparation, and lack of real-time on-site capability. A portable "single response-on" molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescent paper-based sensor was developed for quantifying fleroxacin (FLX) residues in animal-derived foods, wherein B, N-co-doped MXene quantum dot (B, N-MQD) was synthesized and combined with BCP-Eu as dual-emission fluorophores, while FLX- molecularly imprinted polymer (FLX-MIP) was engineered using functionalized Nano-SiO as the carrier. Concentration-dependent fluorescence enhancement at 574 nm was exhibited with invariant reference signal at 411 nm, achieving a 36-fold lower detection limit (0.

Recyclable Cu-Catalyzed -Methylation and C5-Methylthiomethylation of Isatins with DMSO.

An unprecedented recyclable system of copper-catalyzed C-C/N coupling of isatins and DMSO without any oxidant and acidic/basic additive has been unlocked. The -isatins occur tandem -methylation and C5-methylthiomethylation in order, while -substituted isatins proceed C5-methylthiomethylation only. DMSO serves as Me and MeSCH sources as well as the solvent.

The Role of P62/Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway in Lead-Induced Neurological Dysfunction.

Background: Lead (Pb) exposure is recognized for its contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Pb-induced neurological dysfunction remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress and the autophagy-related P62/kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in neuronal impairment caused by Pb.