The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications of PANoptosis in ischemic diseases.

The singular forms of programmed cell death (PCD), including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, are inadequate for comprehensively elucidating the complex pathological mechanisms underlying ischemic diseases. PANoptosis is a unique lytic, innate immune, and inflammatory cell death pathway, initiated by innate immune sensors and driven by caspases and RIPKs through PANoptosome complexes. In diseases like cerebral ischemia, retinal ischemia, myocardial ischemia, renal ischemia, and spinal cord ischemia, targeting key regulatory factors of PANoptosis can help mitigate tissue damage.

Advances in the treatment of lower-extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Lower-limb ischemia-reperfusion injury (LL-IRI) is a frequent and serious complication following reperfusion therapy for lower-limb arterial occlusion. It can be caused by trauma, arterial stenosis, thrombotic occlusion, and atherosclerosis. As a prevalent peripheral vascular disease, LL-IRI results in local tissue damage and triggers systemic inflammatory responses that can lead to multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, as well as multiorgan failure and death in severe cases.

Near-Infrared Fluorescence Reporter Offering Real-Time Tracking and Differential Assessment of Ferroptosis Progressions In Vivo.

Ferroptosis-mediated tumor intervention has recently been revealed to play multiple roles in biology. Real-time monitoring of ferroptosis progression is imperative for the immediate assessment of therapeutic responses and the adjustment of diagnostic regimens but challenging as well. Herein, we present an activatable probe () designed for NIR fluorescence visualization and differential assessment of tumor responses to ferroptosis.