Formoterol, a Clinically Approved Drug, Inhibits Ferroptosis by Suppressing Lipid Peroxidation and Attenuates APAP-Induced Acute Liver Injury.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by lethal lipid peroxidation and implicated in various human diseases. Despite intensive research, clinically applicable ferroptosis inhibitors remain unavailable. In this study, we identify formoterol, a β-adrenergic agonist widely used to treat asthma and COPD, as a potent and selective ferroptosis inhibitor through scaffold-based screening of FDA-approved drugs.

Effects of the DUSP6 Gene on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Porcine Subcutaneous Preadipocytes.

Objective: Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3), was considered as a functional candidate gene for white fat accumulation in mice. However, the physiological function of the DUSP6 gene on white adipocyte adipogenesis in farm animals remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of DUSP6 on porcine subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation.

Global scientific trends on hepatocellular carcinoma research from 2004 to 2023: A bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and the research landscape has rapidly evolved over the past two decades. Despite significant progress, an in-depth analysis of global research trends, collaborative networks, and emerging themes in HCC remains limited. This study aimed to fill this gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis to map the research output, identify key contributors, and highlight future directions in HCC research.

TNF/TNFR1 Signaling Mediates DEHP-Induced Hepatocyte Pyroptosis via the GSDMD-mtROS Axis.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is widely used in agricultural plastics, accumulates in humans and animals through the food chain over time, resulting in liver toxicity. Recent studies have reported that pyroptosis and mitochondrial damage are closely related to a variety of liver diseases, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. To address this issue, in vitro and in vivo hepatotoxicity models were established.

Biomagnetic monitoring of urban atmospheric pollution: A review of magnetic signatures from different types of plants.

Biomagnetic monitoring has rapidly emerged as a valuable tool in urban atmospheric pollution (UAP) assessment due to its high spatial resolution, complementing traditional monitoring systems. This review systematically elucidates the principles of plant dust retention and the factors influencing it, while also reviewing the advancements in global research on UAP monitoring through the magnetic properties of various plant species. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the current applications of biomagnetic monitoring in UAP and identify critical challenges, including species-specific monitoring discrepancies, complex pollution sources, and non-standardized sample preparation methods.

Three-dimensional distribution of subchondral fracture lines in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of three-dimensional distribution of subchondral fracture lines on the surface of the osteonecrosis femoral head, and to discuss the underlying mechanisms that contribute to its collapse.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed computed tomography (CT) images from 75 patients (comprising a total of 77 femoral heads) diagnosed with Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage IIIA or IIIB femoral head necrosis. The three-dimensional structures of both the femoral head and the subchondral fracture line were reconstructed and subsequently fitted into normal femoral head model.

Two-dimensional viologen-based lanthanide coordination polymers as multi-stimuli responsive materials to light and amines with a fluorescence response.

Integrating multi-stimuli response properties in one molecule is challenging. This study presents two 2D polymers, [(Bpydp)Ln(HO)(BDC)]·NO·2HO (Ln = Eu(1), Tb(2)), exhibiting rapid photo-responsiveness and the ability to detect specific small-molecule amines. In particular, complex 1 combines the functions of inkless printing, amine detection, anti-counterfeiting, and fluorescence recognition.

Discovery of Novel -Aminophenol Derivatives Targeting Lipid Peroxidation with Potent Antiferroptotic Activities.

The concept of ferroptosis inhibition has gained growing recognition as a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing a wide range of diseases. Here, we present the discovery of four series of -aminophenol derivatives as potential ferroptosis inhibitors beginning with the endogenous substance 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HA) by employing quantum chemistry techniques, in vitro and in vivo assays. Our findings reveal that these -aminophenol derivatives exhibit unique intra-H bond interactions, compelling -amines to achieve enhanced alignment with the aromatic π-system, thereby expanding their activity.

Pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risk assessment of PM and PM in rooftop and kerbside environment of Lanzhou, NW China.

To investigate air pollution in the kerbside environment and its associated human health risks, a study was conducted in Lanzhou during December 2018, as well as in April, June, and September 2019. The research aimed to characterize the composition of PM and PM, including elements, ions, and carbonaceous components, at both rooftop and kerbside locations. Additionally, source apportionment and health risk assessment were conducted.

Classification of Glomerular Pathology Images in Children Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Improved SE-ResNet Module.

Classification of glomerular pathology based on histology sections is the key to diagnose the type and degree of kidney diseases. To address problems in the classification of glomerular lesions in children, a deep learning-based complete glomerular classification framework was designed to detect and classify glomerular pathology. A neural network integrating Resnet and Senet (RS-INet) was proposed and a glomerular classification algorithm implemented to achieve high-precision classification of glomerular pathology.

Resveratrol protects against cadmium-induced cerebrum toxicity through modifications of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in microsomes.

Background: Cadmium (Cd), known as a vital contaminant in the environment, penetrates the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in the cerebrum. Acute toxicosis of Cd, which leads to lethal cerebral edema, intracellular accumulation and cellular dysfunction, remains to be illuminated with regard to the exact molecular mechanism of cerebral toxicity. Resveratrol (RES), present in the edible portions of numerous plants, is a simply acquirable and correspondingly less toxic natural compound with neuroprotective potential, which provides some theoretical bases for antagonizing Cd-induced cerebral toxicity.

Comparison of neurofilament light and heavy chain in spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were two major motor neuron diseases with similar symptoms and poor outcomes. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers in disease monitoring and differential diagnosis of adult SMA patients with sporadic ALS patients.

Methods: This was a pilot study with ten adult SMA patients and ten ALS patients consecutively enrolled during hospitalization.

Nano-Selenium Antagonized Cadmium-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Chicken.

Cadmium is a global ecological toxic pollutant; in animals, hepatotoxic fibrosis is caused by bioaccumulation of Cd through food chains. We determined the path of nano-Se antagonism in Cd-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis by targeting the APJ-AMPK-PGC1α pathway, using an in vivo model of hepatotoxicity. All 1-day-old chicks were treated with Cd (140 mg/kg BW/day) and/or nano-Se (0.

Bibliometric-analysis visualization and review of non-invasive methods for monitoring and managing the portal hypertension.

Background: Portal hypertension monitoring is important throughout the natural course of cirrhosis. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), regarded as the golden standard, is limited by invasiveness and technical difficulties. Portal hypertension is increasingly being assessed non-invasively, and hematological indices, imaging data, and statistical or computational models are studied to surrogate HVPG.

Correlation of weight and body composition with disease progression rate in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

This study aims to observe the nutritional status of Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), further investigating its effect on disease progression. One hundred consecutive newly diagnosed ALS patients and fifty controls were included. Weight and body composition were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and follow-ups.

Alterations in metabolic biomarkers and their potential role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of metabolic biomarkers in the progression of ALS and understand the possible metabolic mechanisms.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with ALS and 24 normal controls were included, and blood samples were collected for analysis of metabolic biomarkers.

Gap Junction Protein Connexin 43 as a Target Is Internalized in Astrocyte Neurotoxicity Caused by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in plastic products, consumer products, and packaging materials. It is of great health concern in both animals and humans as it released into the environment and entered into the body from plastic products over time, thereby resulting in neurotoxicity. As a pivotal regulator of the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes, are crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with autoimmune diseases.

Introduction: The occurrence of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients is widely reported, but little is known about the associated clinical phenotype. This study aims to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of ALS patients with AID.

Methods: This retrospective study was based on the ALS Registry dataset of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 to 2020.

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and myelin basic protein in survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with or without frontotemporal dementia.

Objective: We aim to investigate blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and myelin basic protein (MBP) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with or without frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and further determine the effect of these factors on the survival of ALS.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 113 ALS patients, 12 ALS-FTD patients, and 40 disease controls hospitalized between September 2013 and October 2020. CSF parameters including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), immunoglobulin-G (IgG), and MBP were collected and compared between groups.

A Synergistic Enhancement Strategy for Realizing Ultralong and Efficient Room-Temperature Phosphorescence.

An enhancement strategy is realized for ultralong bright room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), involving polymerization between phosphor monomers and acrylamide and host-guest complexation interaction between phosphors and cucurbit[6,7,8]urils (CB[6,7,8]). The non-phosphorescent monomers exhibit 2.46 s ultralong lifetime after copolymerizing with acrylamide.

[Effects of ditch-buried organic matter and irrigation amount after anthesis on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize.].

Managements of organic matter and irrigation after anthesis will increase the capacities of water conservation and supply in maize field, with consequences on photosynthetic performance and yield under water-saving condition. We analyzed the gas exchange parameters and the performance of the photosystem 2 of ear leaves, and yield of maize cultivars Zhengdan 958, under three modes of ditch-buried organic matter (no straw returned: M, wheat straw returned: M, mixtures of cow manure and wheat straw returned: M) before seeding with two irrigation levels after anthesis (normal irrigation: W, water-saving irrigation: W). The results showed that M treatment significantly increased photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation after anthesis compared with M treatment.

[PKA-regulated phosphorylation status of S149 and S321 sites of CDC25B inhibits mitosis of fertilized mouse eggs].

To further test whether protein kinase A (PKA) can affect the mitotic cell cycle, one-cell stage mouse embryos at S phase (22 h after hCG injection) were incubated in M16 medium containing various concentrations of H-89, a PKA inhibitor. With increasing concentrations of H-89 (0-50 μmol/L), the G(2) phase of eggs was decreased and the cleavage rate was accelerated. A concentration of 40 μmol/L H-89 led to all of the mouse eggs entering the M phase of mitosis.