Room-Temperature Direct Homolysis of C─H Bond via Catalyst-Free Photoexcitation.

The C─H bond is the most abundant chemical bond in organic compounds. Therefore, the development of the more direct methods for C─H bond cleavage and the elucidation of their mechanisms will provide an important theoretical basis for achieving more efficient C─H functionalization and target molecule construction. In this study, the catalyst-free photon-induced direct homolysis of C─H bonds at room temperature was discovered for the first time.

Black Tea Aqueous Extract Extends Yeast Longevity via Antioxidant Gene Activation: Transcriptomic Analysis of Anti-Aging Mechanisms.

Although tea polyphenols have antiaging potential, the molecular interplay between black tea components and cellular longevity remains unclear. This study has pioneered a dual approach combining lifespan assays with comprehensive transcriptomics to dissect how black tea aqueous extract (BTAE) extends the chronological lifespan (CLS). Remarkably, BTAE induced a dose-dependent lifespan extension (34.

Vanadyl Complex-Mediated Molecular Engineering Enables Homogeneous Modulation of Lithium-Sulfur Chemistry.

The large-scale commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) is hindered by several critical challenges, including severe lithium polysulfide shuttling, sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox reactions, and unstable lithium anode surface. These issues significantly restrict the discharge capacity, cycling life, and safety of LSBs. Herein, the vanadyl acetylacetonate (VO) complex, characterized by a high donor number, is used as an effective homogeneous catalyst to address these cross-cutting problems.

Ag@NbCT MXene composites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin and fleroxacin antibiotics.

Two-dimensional (2D), MXenes' large surface area, great hydrophilicity, chemical stability, tunable electronic structure, and excellent electrical conductivity make them effective photocatalysts by enhancing light absorption and charge separation. To harness solar energy for photocatalysis, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), known for their catalytic properties, were incorporated into MXene sheets to synthesize Ag@NbCT composite by a cost-effective and straightforward electrostatic self-assembly method. The SEM images showed that Ag NPs were attached to the surface of 2D exfoliated MXene sheets.

Bio-inspired benzimidazole-functionalized manganese terpyridine complexes for electrochemical CO reduction.

Inspired by the active site of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), where a pair of amino acids facilitating hydrogen bonding manages the reversible interconversion of CO and CO with high efficiency, we developed a family of manganese terpyridine derivatives (1-4), in which a benzimidazole moiety functions as a proton relay to assist the CO reduction reaction (CORR). To regulate the position of the proton donor, the benzimidazole moiety was introduced into the framework by two approaches, and the p of the proton relay was adjusted by methylation of the benzimidazole moiety. We found that all such designs led to a sharp corruption in the activity of electrochemical CO reduction compared with that of our previously reported analogues.

Synthesis of C-CM-C and its effect on the stabilization of nitrocellulose.

The fullerene derivative C-CM-C was synthesized a two-step reaction using fullerene (C), curcumin (CHO), and bromoalkanes (RBr) as raw materials. The structure of C-CM-C was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (H and C NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR MS). Thermal analysis, including differential thermal analysis (DTA), vacuum stability tests (VST), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and methyl violet experiments, along with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to investigate the interaction mechanism between C-CM-C and nitrocellulose (NC).

Properties and applications of two melt-cast cocrystal carriers.

To further investigate the feasibility of cocrystal explosives as melt-cast carriers, two types of energetic cocrystals were studied: 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN)/2-nitroaniline (NA) and ammonium dinitramide (ADN)/urea. The synthesis of these cocrystal materials was confirmed by comparing their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns with single-crystal simulation curves. Thermal stability was assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Comparison of Fecal DNA Extraction Kits for the Giant Panda () by Short Tandem Repeat Genotype Analysis.

Genetic analysis of short tandem repeat (STR) loci using noninvasive fecal samples is currently the most widely used method in genetic surveys of giant pandas (). However, low-quality fecal DNA obtained from fecal samples may affect the accuracy of short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping results and pose a challenge to accurately identify individuals. The aim of this study was thus to compare the efficiency of DNA extraction kits in obtaining high-quality fecal host DNA from giant panda fecal samples.

Improved thermoelectric properties of α-phase CuSe thin films through multiphase nanostructuring.

Copper selenide (CuSe) has been extensively studied due to its promising thermoelectric properties in bulk form. However, the miniaturization of thermoelectric devices using thin films is highly desired for smart applications. To date, there are few reports on composite thin films of CuSe for thermoelectric applications, primarily due to their lower conversion efficiency.

ANSYS simulation and experimental analysis of an RDX/Al/NC composite explosive prepared an electrostatic spraying method.

In order to explore the effect of aluminum (Al) on the performance of 1,3,5-trimethylene trinitramine (RDX), the process of RDX/Al/NC composite explosives prepared an electrostatic spraying method was simulated using ANSYS software, and the simulation data such as the velocity profile and particle size distribution were obtained. RDX/Al/NC composite explosives with different ratios were experimentally prepared, and the morphology, structure, thermal properties, combustion properties and impact sensitivity of the samples were measured. The simulated particle sizes of the RDX/Al/NC composite explosives with 15%, 35% and 55% Al contents were concentrated at 1427 nm, 3250 nm and 5428 nm, respectively.

Low-dielectric benzocyclobutenyl polysiloxane resin: spatial structure design and photosensitive patterning performance.

With the development of miniaturization and the high integration of semiconductor devices, higher performance requirements are put forward for polymer photoresists. In this paper, a benzocyclobutene-based polysiloxane photosensitive resin was prepared by sol-gel method, which was well patterned and cured quickly after UV light curing, with a minimum line width and line spacing of 10 μm. The benign combination of benzocyclobutene group (BCB) and polysiloxane in the resin makes the resin exhibit good low dielectric properties ( = 2.

Dissecting ionic favorable hydrogen bond chemistry in hybrid separators for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Separators, regulating the ion transport channels between electrodes, are crucial for maintaining the properties of electrochemical batteries. However, sluggish ion transport and desolvation kinetics in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) cause uneven ion flux at the separator-electrode interface, accelerating Zn dendrite growth. Herein, we systematically dissect ionic favorable hydrogen bond chemistry in a hybrid separator engineered through rational boron nitride (BN) doping into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) separators.

Preparation of different phase structure nano sized FePO/C cathode material by ultrasonic-assisting and their electrochemical performance.

As one of the cathode materials for phosphate-based sodium ion batteries, FePO has received extensive attention due to its excellent theoretical capacity and stability. However, the FePO cathode has the problem of low ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity, which limits its application in sodium-ion batteries. The phase composition and microstructure of FePO are crucial to ensure the excellent electrochemical properties.

Novel combined tumor autoantibody detection in serological diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent malignancy, yet its early diagnosis rate is generally low. Therefore, we have established a serum-based combined detection method based on tumor autoantibodies aimed at improving the diagnostic rate of gastric cancer.

Methods: Through clinical studies, we selected a series of proteins aberrantly expressed in gastric cancer patients, including RalA, Survivin, NY-ESO-1, p53, Cyclin B1, and Koc, and expressed and purified them using prokaryotic expression and nickel column chromatography.

Study on the Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Factors of Habitat Quality in the Yarlung Zangbo River From 2000 to 2020.

The Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB), the world's highest plateau river, possesses a particularly fragile ecosystem, making it highly vulnerable to global climate change. Understanding changes in YLZB habitat quality and their driving mechanisms is crucial for ecological protection and sustainable development in the region. Based on land use data from 2000 to 2020, we conducted a quantitative study on the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of habitat quality in the YLZB.

Enhancing Cr(vi) removal performance of TiCT through structural modification by using a spray freezing method.

Structural modification is expected to be a facile way to enhance the adsorption performance of MXene. In this work, the structural modification of TiCT was carried out by a spray freezing method, and two kinds of nano-structure (spherical and flaky) of TiCT were prepared by adjusting the solution concentration of TiCT . Then the Cr(vi) adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the spherical and flaky TiCT was investigated, respectively.

Effect of destability time on microstructure and properties of hypoeutectic high chromium cast iron.

The present work investigated the effect of destabilization time on the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of high chromium cast iron, and scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis techniques were employed. The results show that the hardness of hypoeutectic high chromium cast iron is related to the size and volume fraction of secondary carbides precipitated from the matrix. The hardness of the alloy continues to rise due to the continuous increase of the volume fraction of the secondary carbide at the initial stage of destabilization.

Atomic surface of quartz glass induced by photocatalytic green chemical mechanical polishing using the developed SiO@TiO core-shell slurry.

High-performance devices of quartz glass demand an atomic surface, which induces a challenge for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) with a high material removal rate (MRR). Moreover, traditional CMP usually employs toxic and corrosive slurries, leading to the pollution of the environment. To overcome these challenges, a novel green photocatalytic CMP is proposed.

A domino reaction for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-]isoquinolines from 2-aryl-pyrrolidines and alkynes promoted by a four-component catalytic system under aerobic conditions.

Pyrrolo[2,1-]isoquinoline derivatives were synthesized from 2-aryl-pyrrolidines and alkynes an oxidative dehydrogenation/cyclization coupling/dehydrogenative aromatization domino process. This reaction was promoted by a four-component catalytic system which included [RuCl(-cymene)], CuCl, copper acetate monohydrate and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy) under aerobic conditions.

Synthesis, supramolecular aggregation, and NIR-II phosphorescence of isocyanorhodium(i) zwitterions.

Development of new second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) luminophores is highly desirable, and d square-planar metal complexes with NIR-II phosphorescence have been rarely reported. Herein, we explore an asymmetric coordination paradigm to achieve the first creation of NIR-II phosphorescent isocyanorhodium(i) zwitterions. They show a strong tendency for aggregation in solution, arising from close Rh(i)⋯Rh(i) contacts that are further intensified by π-π stacking interactions and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic effect.

Application of multi-channel infrared spectroscopy: the case of PVB thermal aging.

Thermal kinetic parameters are important for establishing the relationship between the aging process, time, and temperature, which would help predict the thermal aging lifetime and stability in the application of polymer materials. We developed a multi-channel detecting device, which provided an efficient method for IR spectrum measurement. The thermal aging process of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) at several constant temperatures (100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 135 °C, and 150 °C) had been studied by the multi-channel infrared reaction device.

Molecular and morphological evidence reveals hidden new taxa in (Bremer, 1861) (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) from China.

Two new species of Scudder, 1872, Zhu, Fan & Wang, and Zhu, Fan & Chiba, , are found in China and described, and (Butler, 1878) is restored. A lectotype is designated for Bremer, 1861, and a neotype is designated for Butler, 1878. Overall, the two new species are similar to (Bremer, 1861).

Preparation of quasi-core/shell structured composite energetic materials to improve combustion performance.

Composite explosives with fast reaction rate, high energy release efficiency, and remarkable combustion performance can be obtained by the interaction between homogeneous energetic materials and heterogeneous energetic materials and have broad application prospects. However, ordinary physical mixtures can easily cause separation between the components in the preparation process, which is not conducive to reflecting the advantages of composite materials. In this study, high-energy composite structured explosives with RDX modified by polydopamine as the core and PTFE/Al as the shell were prepared using a simple ultrasonic method.

The unusual effect of paraffin wax on the thermal decomposition of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine.

The practical application of paraffin wax (PW) in cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX)-based polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) requires an understanding of its effect on the thermal decomposition of HMX. In this work, by comparing the thermal decomposition of HMX and a HMX/PW mixture, combined with crystal morphology analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, kinetic analysis, and gas product analysis, the unusual phenomenon and mechanism of the PW effect on the thermal decomposition of HMX were evaluated. During the initial decomposition, PW infiltrates the crystal surface of HMX, reduces the energy barrier for chemical bond dissociation, and induces the decomposition of molecules on HMX crystals, resulting in a lower initial decomposition temperature.