SET-1-mediated H3K4me3 modification regulates catalase-3 expression in Neurospora crassa.

Clearance and adaptation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for cell survival. As in other eukaryotes, the catalases in Neurospora crassa are the main enzymes responsible for ROS clearance, primarily by decomposing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a major type of ROS. Their expression is tightly regulated by growth and environmental conditions.

Assessing global border controls in response to COVID-19 pandemic using real-world data and target trial emulation.

Objective: To examine whether more stringent border controls (BCs), including quarantine, ban on regions, and total border closure, are associated with slower initial-stage epidemic progression compared to screening.

Methods: Using real-world BCs and COVID-19 epidemic data from 174 countries and regions from 1 January to 31 July 2020, we compared the effectiveness of different stringency BCs in slowing countries from reaching the first infection peak. To account for the immortal time bias due to staggered BC adoptions across countries, the target-trial-emulation and cloning-censoring-weighting approaches were applied.

GRMA-Net: A novel two-stage 3D Semi-supervised Pneumonia Segmentation based on Dual Multiscale Uncertainty Estimation with Graph Reasoning in Chest CTs.

Introduction: This study aims to propose and evaluate a two-stage semi-supervised segmentation framework with dual multiscale uncertainty estimation and graph reasoning, addressing the challenges of obtaining high-precision pixel-level labels and effectively utilizing unlabeled data for accurate pneumonia lesion segmentation.

Methods: First, we design a guided supervised training strategy for modeling aleatoric uncertainty (AU) at dual scales, reducing the impact on segmentation performance caused by aleatoric uncertainties introduced by blurred lesions and their boundaries in the image. Second, we design a training strategy for multi-scale noisy pseudo-label correction to reduce the cognitive bias problem caused by unreliable predictions in the model.

Interacting and joint effects of type of menopause and age at menopause on the likelihood of frailty and the mediating role of age at menopause in older women: A population-based analysis from NHANES 1999-2018.

Objectives: This study investigates the associations between surgical menopause, age at menopause, and frailty in older women. Furthermore, we examine whether age at menopause mediates the potential association between surgical menopause and frailty, and the extent of interaction or joint effects of surgical menopause and age at menopause on frailty.

Methods: The analysis included 7462 women aged ≥60 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018.

WSDC-ViT: a novel transformer network for pneumonia image classification based on windows scalable attention and dynamic rectified linear unit convolutional modules.

Accurate differential diagnosis of pneumonia remains a challenging task, as different types of pneumonia require distinct treatment strategies. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for minimizing the risk of misdiagnosis and for effectively guiding clinical decision-making and monitoring treatment response. This study proposes the WSDC-ViT network to enhance computer-aided pneumonia detection and alleviate the diagnostic workload for radiologists.

Identifying High-Risk Areas for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mortality in Guangdong, China: Spatiotemporal Clustering and Socioenvironmental Determinants.

Objective: This study aimed to identify high-risk areas for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mortality to provide relevant evidence for interventions in emerging economies.

Methods: Empirical Bayesian Kriging and a discrete Poisson space-time scan statistic were applied to identify the spatiotemporal clusters of T2DM mortality. The relationships between economic factors, air pollutants, and the mortality risk of T2DM were assessed using regression analysis and the Poisson Log-linear Model.

A novel multimodal computer-aided diagnostic model for pulmonary embolism based on hybrid transformer-CNN and tabular transformer.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening clinical problem where early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to reducing morbidity and mortality. While the combination of CT images and electronic health records (EHR) can help improve computer-aided diagnosis, there are many challenges that need to be addressed. The primary objective of this study is to leverage both 3D CT images and EHR data to improve PE diagnosis.

Characteristics of airborne bacteria over inland and coastal atmosphere influenced by systemic air mass in northern China.

Regional aerosol pollution frequently occurs in winter and spring in northern China. Here, we surveyed four air pollution, categorized as episodes influenced by northerly or southerly air mass, and discussed the bacterial communities in inland and coastal cities. Influenced by northerly airmass, the predominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria both in the inland and coastal cities.

Mechanochromic Phosphorescence of Rhodium(I) Isocyanide Complexes in the NIR-II Window.

Luminescent mechanochromic compounds that cover the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 950-1700 nm) window would provide an interesting type of mechanoresponsive materials and can be applicable in various fields. In this work, we report the synthesis of amino acid-functionalized tetrakis(phenylisocyano)rhodium(I) complexes and their phosphorescent mechanochromism in the entire NIR-II region. Grinding the pristine yellow polycrystalline complexes leads to the formation of green amorphous phases, and correspondingly, the emission wavelength was redshifted from 976 to 1220-1290 nm.

A Novel Automatic Lung Nodule Classification Scheme using Fusion Ghost Convolution and Hybrid Normalization in Chest CTs.

Objective: To address the low efficiency of diagnosing pulmonary nodules using computed tomography (CT) images and the difficulty in obtaining the key signs of malignant pulmonary nodules, a ghost convolution residual network incorporating hybrid normalization (GCHN-net) is proposed.

Methods: Firstly, a three-dimensional ghost convolution with a small kernel is embedded in the GCHN-net. Secondly, we designed a hybrid normalizedactivation module (TMNAM) that can handle the rich and complex features of lung nodules in both the deep and shallow layers of the network, and incorporating two different normalization methods.

Circadian clock is critical for fungal pathogenesis by regulating zinc starvation response and secondary metabolism.

Circadian clocks are known to modulate host immune responses to pathogen infections, yet their role in influencing pathogen pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of circadian clocks in regulating the pathogenesis of the fungal pathogen , which has multiple genes homologous to the due to gene duplication events, with being the primary circadian clock gene. The pathogenesis of in plants is controlled by its circadian clock, with infections causing severe disease symptoms at dawn.

The P-loop NTPase RUVBL2 is a conserved clock component across eukaryotes.

The eukaryotic circadian clock keeps time by using a transcription-translation feedback loop, which exhibits an architecture that is conserved across a diverse range of organisms, including fungi, plants and animals. Despite their mechanistic similarity, the molecular components of these clocks indicate a lack of common ancestry. Our study reveals that RUVBL2, which is a P-loop NTPase enzyme previously shown to affect circadian phase and amplitude as part of mammalian clock super-complexes, influences the circadian period through its remarkably slow ATPase activity, resembling the well-characterized KaiC-based clock in cyanobacteria.

A novel high-precision bilevel optimization method for 3D pulmonary nodule classification.

Background And Objective: Classification of pulmonary nodules is important for the early diagnosis of lung cancer; however, the manual design of classification models requires substantial expert effort. To automate the model design process, we propose a neural architecture search with high-precision bilevel optimization (NAS-HBO) that directly searches for the optimal network on three-dimensional (3D) images.

Methods: We propose a novel high-precision bilevel optimization method (HBOM) to search for an optimal 3D pulmonary nodule classification model.

α-Lipoate Functionalized Triblock Copolymers Enable In Situ Exfoliation of Molybdenum(IV) Disulfide into Nanosheets in Base Oils for Enhanced Friction and Wear Reduction.

Although the nanosheet of molybdenum(IV) disulfide (MoS) has been widely recognized as a high-performance green nanoadditive for friction reduction and wear resistance, its low isolated yield and poor colloidal stability in lubricating base oils have become bottlenecks for practical tribological applications. In this work, we report the synthesis of α-lipoate functionalized triblock copolymers and their utilization in directly dispersing bulky MoS as a form of oleogels. The resulting polymer-inorganic composite oleogels are characterized by microscopic imaging, small-angle X-ray scattering, and rheology, demonstrating that the bulky MoS is exfoliated in situ into nanosheets driven by multiple Mo-S coordinating bonds.

Transcription factor VIB-1 activates catalase-3 expression by promoting PIC assembly in Neurospora crassa.

The "p53-like" superfamily transcription factor, VIB-1, plays a crucial role in mediating heterokaryon incompatibility and regulating the transcription of specific genes involved in the secretion of extracellular hydrolases in Neurospora crassa. However, the precise mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulatory function of VIB-1 is still poorly understood. Here, we reveal that VIB-1 is involved in the H2O2-induced oxidative stress response, in which deletion of vib-1 leads to an H2O2-sensitive phenotype and inhibition of cat-3 expression.

Global containment policy duration and long-term epidemic progression: A target trial emulation using COVID-19 data from 2020 to 2022.

Objectives: Global countries often apply containment policies (CPs) to combat infectious disease surges. Whether countries with longer cumulative duration of CPs are associated with slower long-term epidemic progression necessitates a thorough evaluation.

Methods: We collected CP and COVID-19 data of 185 territories during 2020-2022, with a total of 23 CPs.

Checkpoint kinases regulate the circadian clock after DNA damage by influencing chromatin dynamics.

The interplay between circadian clocks, the cell cycle, and DNA repair has been extensively documented, yet the epigenetic control of circadian clocks by DNA damage responses remains relatively unexplored. Here, we showed that checkpoint kinases CHK1/2 regulate chromatin structure during DNA damage in Neurospora crassa to maintain robust circadian rhythms. Under DNA damage stress, deletion of chk1/2 disrupted the rhythmic transcription of the clock gene frq by suppressing the rhythmic binding of the transcription activator White Collar complex (WCC) at the frq promoter, as the chromatin structure remained condensed.

Nanoscale Rhodium(I) Based Metal-Organic Framework Demonstrating Intense NIR-II Luminescence for Bioimaging.

Although luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely reported, rare examples were found to emit in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window. In this work, two nanoscale rhodium(I)-based MOFs ( and ) have been controllably constructed in the aqueous dispersions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 1,2-distearoyl--glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine--methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG), wherein micelle- and vesicle-like aggregates form, respectively, with high colloidal stability. The vesicular dispersion of exhibits intense NIR-II luminescence at 1125 (1245, shoulder) nm.

Rapid determination of etomidate and its structural analogues in e-liquid by probe electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Etomidate and its structural analogues, which have anesthetic effects, are classified as controlled psychotropic drugs. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become more and more popular. With the increase of adding etomidate and its analogues to electronic liquids (e-liquids), there is a trend of abuse, which is a tough problem urgently need to be solved.

Multi-disease X-ray Image Classification of the Chest Based on Global and Local Fusion Adaptive Networks.

Background: Chest X-ray image classification for multiple diseases is an important research direction in the field of computer vision and medical image processing. It aims to utilize advanced image processing techniques and deep learning algorithms to automatically analyze and identify X-ray images, determining whether specific pathologies or structural abnormalities exist in the images.

Objective: We present the MMPDenseNet network designed specifically for chest multi-label disease classification.

Molecular Iridium Catalyzed Electrochemical Formic Acid Oxidation: Mechanistic Insights.

Electrochemical formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) is a pivotal model for understanding organic fuel oxidation and advancing sustainable energy technologies. Here, we present mechanistic insights into a novel molecular-like iridium catalyst (Ir-N-C) for FAOR. Our studies reveal that isolated sites facilitate a preferential dehydrogenation pathway, circumventing catalyst poisoning and exhibiting high inherent activity.