Oxygen Plasma-Treated Hard Carbon for High-Rate and Durable Sodium-Ion Storage.

Tuning of oxygen functional groups in hard carbon (HC) is significant for optimizing sodium storage performance, but achieving precise modulation through effective strategies remains challenging. Herein, we introduce an oxygen plasma treatment strategy to enrich targeted carbonyl groups (C═O) on litchi wood-derived HC (OHC-1400). This surface modification method simultaneously regulates the electron conductivity and interface kinetics.

Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants: A critical review.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to anthropogenic climate change, primarily through the release of methane (CH), nitrous oxide (NO), and carbon dioxide (CO). Current research on GHG quantification in WWTPs predominantly relies on estimated emission factors. However, this introduces substantial uncertainties in emission estimates due to limited measurements and variability in quantification methods.

Carbon Dioxide Capture by a Hydrothermally Synthesized Water-Resistant Zinc-Oxalate-Aminotriazolate Framework.

Selective capture of carbon dioxide (CO) from flue gas employing physisorbents represents an appealing approach owing to its potentially low energy penalty and cost-effectiveness. Microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), characterized by their highly customizable pore structure and functionality, offer significant promise in this field. However, challenges such as thermal/moisture resistance, green/scalable synthesis, and adsorption durability remain unresolved.

Phasor diagrams clock oscillatory hemodynamic switching between overt speech production and micro resting states.

This study investigates the intricate interplay between the task-positive network and the default mode network (DMN) during transitions between overt language tasks and brief resting periods. While previous research suggests that these networks are not invariably anticorrelated, the precise timing of transitions has remained elusive. We employed rapid phase-encoded fMRI to decode brain dynamics with ultimate precision, capturing these transitions in real time.

A deep learning model for diagnosing autism using brain time series.

The early identification of autism is especially critical as it can significantly enhance the effectiveness of intervention strategies. However, the recognition task remains challenging due to the subtle differences between ASD patients and neurotypical individuals. The presented approach leverages a hybrid model that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with an Attention mechanism, enabling the extraction of both long-term and short-term features for more accurate autism diagnosis.

T Cell-Specific Deficiency of Src Homology 2-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 2 Ameliorates Psoriasis and Colitis by Promoting Treg Differentiation.

Psoriasis and ulcerative colitis are both autoimmune diseases with complex pathogenesis characterized by immune disorders. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that acts as a key regulator of immune cell-mediated inflammation. Although studies have described the role of SHP2 in autoimmune diseases, its influence on the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was undefined, which plays a critical role in immune homeostasis.

A Universal Strategy for Evaluation and Quantification of Potential Genotoxic Impurities of Hydrazine Derivatives in Isoniazid Injection.

Isoniazid is an irreplaceable first-line anti-tuberculosis drug. Its synthesis requires hydrazine as a starting material, which is classified as a Class 2 genotoxic impurity according to the ICH M7 guideline. Consequently, there is a risk of introducing potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs) containing hydrazine-related alerting structural during production.

Erlotinib-functionalized dextran derivatives enable self-assembly of redox-responsive paclitaxel dimers for lung Cancer treatment after intratracheal delivery.

The intratracheal route enables an enhanced drug accumulation within the lungs together with reduced systemic exposure, making it a promising approach for treating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-overexpressed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, dextran-PEG-erlotinib co-polymers (DPE), novel amphiphilic conjugates with outstanding therapeutic activities against EGFR-overexpressed NSCLC and stabilizing effects were synthesized and facilitated self-assembly of redox-sensitive paclitaxel dimers. The obtained nanoassemblies (DPE dimer NPs) exhibited high drug loading efficiency, satisfactory stability and optimal redox responsive paclitaxel release profile comparable with control nanoassemblies (TPGS dimer NPs), where paclitaxel dimers were assembled in the presence of TPGS, a therapeutically inert stabilizer.

Advances in Bract Coloration: Diversity, Pigment Synthesis, and Regulatory Mechanisms in Ornamental Plants.

Bract coloration in ornamental plants is a complex trait governed by diverse pigments (chlorophylls, anthocyanins, betalains, and carotenoids), their biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory networks. While previous research has primarily focused on floral pigmentation, studies on bract coloration-particularly in species where bracts serve as the primary ornamental feature-have received less attention until recent advances. This review synthesizes current understanding of bract color diversity, pigment biochemistry, and molecular regulation in key species including , , , , and .

The cytonuclear interactions during grapevine domestication.

DNAs from the cytoplasmic genomes often communicate with the nuclear genome during regulation, development, and evolution. However, the dynamics of cytonuclear interaction during crop domestication have still been rarely investigated. Here, we examine cytonuclear interactions during grapevine domestication using pan-mitogenome, pan-plastome, and haplotype-resolved nuclear genomes, all assembled from long-read sequences across 33 wild and domesticated grapevine accessions.

Voltage faults diagnosis for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles using optimized graphical neural network.

Diagnosing voltage faults of lithium-ion batteries is a critical function in the battery management system. Accurate diagnosis of voltage faults is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of energy storage applications and electric vehicles (EVs). This article proposes an optimized Graphical Neural Network (GNN) model.

Non-agriculturalization of cultivated land in densely populated areas at the watershed scale: a case study of the Minjiang River Basin, China.

Zero hunger is a top priority in the Sustainable Development Goals, however, millions of people worldwide still face hunger. Over the years, China has experienced rapid population growth, industrialization and urbanization, leading to significant agricultural land loss, which threats the nation's food supply. Understanding the patterns and driving factors of non-agriculturalization is crucial for its protection.

Self-Calibrating TSEP for Junction Temperature and RUL Prediction in GaN HEMTs.

Gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) are critical for high-power applications like AI power supplies and robotics but face reliability challenges due to increased dynamic ON-resistance (R) from electrical and thermomechanical stresses. This paper presents a novel self-calibrating temperature-sensitive electrical parameter (TSEP) model that uses gate leakage current (I) to estimate junction temperature with high accuracy, uniquely addressing aging effects overlooked in prior studies. By integrating I, aging-induced degradation, and failure-in-time (FIT) models, the approach achieves a junction temperature estimation error of less than 1%.

Self-Healing and Tough Polyacrylic Acid-Based Hydrogels for Micro-Strain Sensors.

Self-healing hydrogels hold promise for smart sensors in bioengineering and intelligent systems, yet balancing self-healing ability with mechanical strength remains challenging. In this study, a self-healing hydrogel exhibiting superior stretchability was developed by embedding a combination of hydrogen bonding and dynamic metal coordination interactions, introduced by modified fenugreek galactomannan, ferric ions, and lignin silver nanoparticles, into a covalent polyacrylic acid (PAA) matrix. Synergistic covalent and multiple non-covalent interactions enabled the hydrogel with high self-healing ability and enhanced mechanical property.

The effect of teacher collaboration on teachers' career well-being in China: A moderated mediation model of teacher self-efficacy and distributed leadership.

The mechanisms and boundary conditions through which teacher collaboration influences teachers career well-being remain insufficiently explored. To address this gap, this study aimed to examine the relationship between teacher collaboration and teachers' career well-being based on the conservation of resources theory, revealing the mediating role of self-efficacy between them, as well as the moderating role of distributed leadership in this mediation model, utilizing a sample of 3159 Shanghai teachers from the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) database. The results showed that teacher collaboration was significantly and positively related to both teachers' career well-being and self-efficacy.

Dual interfacial H-bonding-enhanced deep-blue hybrid copper-iodide LEDs.

Solution-processed light-emitting diodes based on non-toxic copper-iodide hybrids are a compelling solution for efficient and stable deep-blue lighting, owing to their tunability, high photoluminescence efficiency and environmental sustainability. Here we present a hybrid copper-iodide that shows near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (99.6%) with an emission wavelength of 449 nm and colour coordinates (0.

Constructing Alkali Metal-Organic Frameworks with High Porosity Utilizing a High-Connectivity Organic Linker.

Alkali metal-organic frameworks (AMOFs) hold considerable promise for a broad spectrum of applications, benefiting from their low toxicity and lightweight. However, the construction of AMOFs with permanent porosity remains a significant challenge due to the tendency of alkali metals to coordinate with polar solvents, thereby forming coordination polymers with low dimensionality. Here, we introduce a connectivity-regulated approach for the synthesis of porous AMOFs by using highly connected organic linkers.

Exploring the role of generative AI in international students' sociocultural adaptation: a cognitive-affective model.

Against the backdrop of increasing global educational exchanges, the sociocultural adaptation of international students has attracted significant attention. The rise of Generative Artificial Intelligence has brought new perspectives to research in this field, yet existing studies have insufficiently explored the mechanisms through which GenAI influences the sociocultural adaptation of international students. Drawing on the cognitive-affective personality system theory and conservation of resources theory, this study employed a three-stage time-lagged questionnaire survey to collect 329 valid responses from international students at three universities in North, South, and East China.

Insights into the Flotation of Cassiterite-Containing Clinochlore with Hydrophobic Entrainment Based on EDLVO Theory.

Clay minerals are a common gangue occurrence in tin ores. These clay minerals can enter the tin concentrate product through entailing the dilution of the tin grade of the flotation concentrate, resulting in poor flotation performance, and hence, the product loses value. The hydrophobic entrainment mechanism of clinochlore was systematically examined through flotation experiments.

Microbial electrotrophs-driven molecular transformations of dissolved organic matter in paddy soil.

Microbial electrotrophs are key players in biogeochemical cycles, but the impact of electrotrophic communities on the diverse chemical composition and properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecules in paddy soils has not been comprehensively explored. Herein, we investigated the response of DOM molecules in paddy soil-based microcosms to electrotrophic communities using microbial electrosynthesis systems (MESs), high-resolution mass spectrometry, and genome-centric metagenomics techniques. Compared to the open-circuit control, the closed-circuit system exhibited a 2.

UiO-66-NH Dispersed Solid-Phase Extraction Combined With Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics Analysis in Cancer Patients and Healthy Individuals.

A dispersive solid-phase extraction process was established using UiO-66-NH as an adsorbent, in combination with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technology, and the performance of this combination for the metabolomic analysis of biological specimens was assessed. Differential metabolites in plasma samples from oral squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy volunteers were screened, and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed via pseudo-targeted metabolomics. Based on the significantly enriched metabolic pathways and related literature, 20 amino acids were selected and targeted for quantitative analysis.

Achieving High Strength in Mg-0.7Sm-0.3Zr Alloy via Room-Temperature Rotary Swaging: Radial Gradient Microstructure and Grain Refinement Mechanisms.

Room-temperature rotary swaging was conducted on microalloyed high-ductility Mg-0.7Sm-0.3Zr alloy rods to investigate microstructural and mechanical variations across different swaging passes and radial positions.

Pulse-Glide Behavior in Emerging Mixed Traffic Flow Under Sensor Accuracy Variations: An Energy-Safety Perspective.

Pulse and Glide (PnG), as a fuel-saving technique, has primarily been applied to manual transmission vehicles. So, its effectiveness when integrated with a novel vehicle type like connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) remains largely unexplored. On the other hand, CAVs have evidently received less attention regarding energy conservation, and their prominent perception capabilities clearly exhibit individual variations.