Cu/Cu redox-cycling-driven dual-mode sensor for simultaneous monitoring of acetylcholinesterase activity and pesticide exposure.

Introduction: The procedural complexity and time-consuming of conventional pesticide residue detection methods in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) significantly impeded their application in modern systems. To address this, this study presented an innovative dual-mode sensor driven by Cu/Cu redox-cycling, which achieved efficient signal transduction from enzyme inhibition to optical response for rapid acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and organophosphorus pesticide (OP) residue detection.

Methods: The AB-Cu NPs sensor, a dynamic redox-responsive system, was constructed via coordination-driven assembly of Azo-Bodipy 685 (AB 685) and Cu.

Advances in research on novel technologies for the detection of exogenous contaminants in traditional Chinese medicine.

Exogenous contaminants in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including pesticide residues, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and sulfur dioxide residues, pose significant risks to human health and environmental safety. Conventional detection methods are limited by insufficient sensitivity, complex sample preparation, and challenges in multi-residue analysis, compromising accuracy and efficiency. To address these critical bottlenecks-particularly the escalating regulatory demands and trade barriers due to contamination incidents-this review establishes the first integrated 'dual track' quality control framework for TCM contaminants.

Salvianolic Acid B and Ginsenoside Rg1 Combination Attenuates Cerebral Edema Accompanying Glymphatic Modulation.

Cerebral edema is characterized by fluid accumulation, and the glymphatic system (GS) plays a pivotal role in regulating fluid transport. Using the Tenecteplase system, magnesium salt of salvianolic acid B/ginsenoside Rg1 (SalB/Rg1) was injected intravenously into mice 4.5 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and once every 24 h for the following 72 h.

PcCD2, PcGL2, and PcML1 Promote Patchouli Essential Oil Production by Regulating Glandular Trichome Development in Pogostemon cablin.

Patchouli essential oil, derived from volatile compounds produced by Pogostemon cablin, has wide-ranging medicinal and industrial applications. It is primarily synthesized, secreted, and stored in the epidermal trichomes of the plant. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate trichome development remain poorly understood.

Identification of Asari Radix et Rhizoma derived from three close Asarum species using the complete chloroplast genome.

Background: Asari Radix et Rhizoma is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine derived from Asarum sieboldii, Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and Asarum sieboldii var. seoulense.

A Universal Strategy for Evaluation and Quantification of Potential Genotoxic Impurities of Hydrazine Derivatives in Isoniazid Injection.

Isoniazid is an irreplaceable first-line anti-tuberculosis drug. Its synthesis requires hydrazine as a starting material, which is classified as a Class 2 genotoxic impurity according to the ICH M7 guideline. Consequently, there is a risk of introducing potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs) containing hydrazine-related alerting structural during production.

Bioinformatics analysis of glycolysis-related differentially expressed genes (GRDEGs) and their significance in ischemic stroke.

The incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) is escalating rapidly, and glycolysis significantly influences the pathogenesis and prognosis of these patients. However, current methods for assessing this are insufficient. This study aimed to identify molecular biomarkers of glycolysis in patients with IS.

Rapid HER2-positive cell detection via high-voltage electroosmotic flow-driven microfluidic SPRi.

The synergy between electroosmotic flow (EOF) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) offers a transformative approach to overcome diffusion-limited biosensing. However,  existing voltage-driven EOF systems face critical trade-offs between high-voltage requirements and biocompatibility. Here, we present a self-powered electroosmosis-enhanced SPR immunosensor that integrates a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with SPR imaging (SPRi) to achieve ultra-sensitive detection of HER2-positive cancer cells.

[Review of Leachable Substances in Prefilled Syringes].

As a new type of high-risk packaging container, prefilled syringes are more widely used, and concerns regarding their effectiveness, stability and safety in clinical use have become prominent increasingly. However, the leachable substances from prefilled syringes may cause harm to humans in different degrees. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of leachable substances in prefilled syringes, which is not only of great significance for the quality control of prefilled syringe products, but also contributes to the healthy development of the industry.

Sorafenib induces intestinal toxicity by disturbing gut microbiota and activating the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice.

Sorafenib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the FDA as a standard first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, the high incidence rate of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects substantially limits its clinical application. The molecular mechanisms underlying the GI damage remain poorly understood.

3D Printed Microsphere-Hydrogel Scaffold Facilitates Restoration of Reinnervation in Bone Regeneration through Programmable Release of NGF/BMP-2 Mimetic Peptides.

Reinnervation is of great significance for bone regeneration and remodeling. Although great progress has been made in bone tissue engineering, reconstruction of neural networks is still a challenge and leads to limited osteogenesis. Nerve growth factor (NGF) guides the innervation in the early stage of bone healing, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are continuously expressed during the bone healing process that can induce osteogenic differentiation.

Advances in brain-targeted delivery strategies and natural product-mediated enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a formidable challenge in the treatment of neurological disorders, as it restricts the passage of most therapeutic agents into the central nervous system (CNS). Research in brain-targeted delivery strategies and explore in natural products for BBB modulation have opened new avenues for effective CNS drug delivery. This review highlights the latest developments in molecular-based delivery systems, cell-based approaches, physical techniques, toxicity concerns, clinical trials and artificial intelligence (AI) -driven modeling for brain-targeted drug delivery.

A Multifunctional PEEK Composite Scaffold with Immunomodulatory, Angiogenic, and Osteogenic Properties for Enhanced Bone Regeneration.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a widely used material in bone tissue engineering due to its favorable mechanical properties and radiolucency. However, its bioinert nature and lack of osteogenic activity restrict its ability to support effective bone regeneration. In this study, a novel APS-coated plasma-treated sulfonated bioactive PEEK scaffold (APS/PSBPK) was developed to overcome these limitations.

Alpha test 1 robotic platform for traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment: Automated modular integration and quality control applications.

Sample pretreatment plays an important role in analytical performance, but it is often the rate-limiting step in scientific research. With the development of automation technology, automated sample preparation has become a powerful tool for liberating labor and improving efficiency. In this study, the automatic pretreatment of traditional Chinese medicine test was realized by module combination, and an intelligent robotic platform Alpha Test 1 was developed to decompose the complex preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine into automatic modular components.

Advances in the Drug Development and Quality Evaluation Principles of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus.

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) represents a promising therapeutic approach to treating cancers by virtue of its selective replication in and lysis of tumor cells, with stimulation of host antitumor immunity. At present, four OV drugs have been approved for the treatment of cancers worldwide, two of which are oHSV drugs that have received extensive attention, known as T-VEC and Delytact. This review discusses the history, mechanism of action, clinical development, quality control, and evaluation principles of oHSV products, including viral species and genetic modifications that have improved these products' therapeutic potential, limitations, and future directions.

Human regulatory B cells suppress autoimmune disease primarily via interleukin-37.

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and controlling inflammation. Although interleukin (IL)-10 has been traditionally suggested as the primary suppressive mechanism of Bregs in both mice and humans, the key functional differences between Bregs in these two species, particularly in the context of disease, is still largely unresolved. IL-37, the latest described immunosuppressive cytokine, is produced in humans but not in mice.

A poly(ether-ketone-ketone) composite scaffold simulating the immune-osteogenic cascade for bone regeneration.

The process of bone repair is intrinsically associated with the immune response. Following scaffold implantation, the pro-inflammatory response initiates the immune-osteogenic cascade. Efficient recruitment and timely conversion of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype are critical for promoting subsequent bone regeneration.

Ribosome-associated pathological TDP-43 alters the expression of multiple mRNAs in the monkey brain.

Cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. While current studies have primarily focused on gene regulation mediated by full-length nuclear TDP-43, the potential effects of cytoplasmic TDP-43 fragments remain less explored. Our previous findings demonstrated that primate-specific cleavage of TDP-43 contributes to its cytoplasmic localization, prompting further investigation into its pathological effects.

Recent advances in self-targeting natural product-based nanomedicines.

Natural products, recognized for their potential in disease prevention and treatment, have been integrated with advanced nano-delivery systems to create natural product-based nanomedicines, offering innovative approaches for various diseases. Natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine have their own targeting effect and remarkable therapeutic effect on many diseases, but there are some shortcomings such as poor physical and chemical properties. The construction of nanomedicines using the active ingredients of natural products has become a key step in the modernization research process, which could be used to make up for the defects of natural products such as low solubility, large dosage, poor bioavailability and poor targeting.

Ammonium Sensing Patch with Ultrawide Linear Range and Eliminated Interference for Universal Body Fluids Analysis.

Ammonium level in body fluids serves as one of the critical biomarkers for healthcare, especially those relative to liver diseases. The continuous and real-time monitoring in both invasive and non-invasive manners is highly desired, while the ammonium concentrations vary largely in different body fluids. Besides, the sensing reliability based on ion-selective biosensors can be significantly interfered by potassium ions.

Electrochemical detection of extracellular vesicles for early diagnosis: a focus on disease biomarker analysis.

This review article presents a detailed examination of the integral role that electrochemical detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) plays, particularly focusing on the potential application for early disease diagnostics through EVs biomarker analysis. Through an exploration of the benefits and challenges presented by electrochemical detection vetted for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid biomarker analysis, we underscore the significance of these techniques. Evidence from recent studies renders this detection modality imperative in identifying diverse biomarkers from EVs, leading to early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Amomum villosum Lour. alleviates pre-eclampsia by inducing enrichment of Bifidobacterium bifidum through vanillic acid to inhibit placental ferroptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Amomum villosum Lour. (AVL), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to pregnancy-related vomiting and prevent miscarriage. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy syndrome.

Application of Advanced High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Analysis of Losartan Potassium Drug Substance Degradation Products: From Nontargeted to Targeted Screening.

Advances in techniques for quality analysis allow for a more detailed examination of drug impurities. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) contributes to detecting both known and unknown impurities. In this study, a combination of a nontargeted and targeted screening approach was established and applied to the detailed degradation profile of the losartan potassium (LP) drug substance.

Rapid and non-invasive renal injury diagnosis unlocked by a glimpse into urinary protein particle size and charge.

Urinary protein, an important marker for early detection of kidney injury, would change in type and content dynamically with the degree of kidney injury due to the particle size and charge selectivity of the glomerular filtration system, making it significantly valuable for accurate classification and early diagnosis. In this study, we developed a fluorescence sensor (Ami-AuNP/DNAs) based on charge interaction to rapidly identify the progression of kidney injury. When the positively charged Ami-AuNP combines with negatively charged DNAs, fluorescence quenching occurs, and urine proteins that appear compete with the DNAs, leading to fluorescence recovery.

An encounter between metal ions and natural products: natural products-coordinated metal ions for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Natural products-coordinated metal ions to form the nanomedicines are in the spotlight for cancer therapy. Some natural products could be coordinated with metal ions forming nanomedicines via simple and green environmental self-assembly, which not only improved the bioavailability of natural products, but also conferred multiple therapeutic modalities and multimodal imaging. On the one hand, in the weak acidity, glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) overexpression of tumor microenvironment (TME), such carrier-free nanomedicines could be further enhanced the therapeutic effect via optimizing the species of metal ions.