Cascaded metasurface for polarization-dependent varifocal vortex beam manipulation.

Vortex beams, characterized by orbital angular momentum (OAM), hold significant potential in optical communications, quantum information processing, and optical manipulation. However, existing metasurface designs are largely confined to single-degree-of-freedom control, such as static OAM generation or fixed focal points, which limiting their ability to integrate polarization multiplexing with dynamic focal tuning. To address this challenge, we propose a tunable multifunctional cascaded metasurface that synergizes polarization-sensitive phase engineering with interlayer rotational coupling, overcoming conventional device limitations.

Recyclable luminescent solar concentrator from lead-free perovskite derivative.

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) offer a sustainable approach to power generation using fluorescent glasses, yet their green industrialization is impeded by the limited production scale and non-recyclability of embedded nanocrystals. Here, we introduce a lead-free perovskite derivative ETPSbCl (ETP = (CH)PCH) with a reversible transition between powder and glass states. Through molecular dynamics and density functional theory, we elucidate the possible structural distortions of [SbCl] pyramids and their impact on luminescence.

Ultrabroadband UV-IR Self-Power Full-Stokes Polarization Photodetection and Imaging Based on the CsPbBrI/Si Heterojunction.

Silicon has become a leading material in photoelectric detection, owing to its distinct advantages in both response speed and photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, due to the lack of intrinsic polarization selectivity, silicon still faces major challenges in achieving polarization detection in the broadband ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) range. In this paper, we have successfully developed an ultrabroadband UV-IR polarization photodetector with a Ag/CsPbBrI/Si/Ag vertical structure based on the CsPbBrI and N-type pyramid-silicon composite structure, which is designed to achieve full Stokes polarization detection.

Ultra-Broadband Polarization-Sensitive O-Doped ZrTe Photodetector Induced by UV Laser.

Next-generation photodetectors demand multidimensional information perception, high responsivity, and low noise equivalent power across an ultra-wide spectral range. Polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on anisotropic low-dimensional materials offer a promising solution, yet inherent material properties impose severe performance trade-offs. Here, this challenge is addressed by developing an ultra-broadband polarization photodetector with back-to-back Schottky barriers, fabricated via UV laser treatment of semi-metallic ZrTe.

Chip-integrated polarization multiplexed metasurface for simultaneous generation of versatile terahertz vortices.

Terahertz vortex beams, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), are quite desirable for enhancing data transmission capability in telecommunication. However, it faces fundamental and technical challenges in a single metasurface to simultaneously generate orthogonal basis vortices with linear polarization (- and -polarity) and circular polarization (left- and right-handed polarity) under the orthogonal polarized light incident. Here, we proposed a chip-integrated all-dielectric metasurface in the terahertz regime, to demonstrate the simultaneous generation of four-channel orthogonal polarized vortex beams at various topological charges under the - and -polarized light incident.

Mechanical regulation of nerve stem cells' multiple behaviors GHz acoustic streaming.

Mechanical regulation of neural stem cell behavior is crucial for cellular transplantation and neural regenerative medicine. However, how neural stem cells perceive and respond to mechanical signals remains to be fully understood. In this study, a GHz bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator-based acoustic streaming (AS) regulatory system was designed, aiming to generate tunable shear forces on the cells for the controlled regulation of neuroectodermal (NE-4C) stem cell behavior.

Spin-multiplexed phase and amplitude manipulations of terahertz waves based on chiral metasurfaces.

The independent manipulation of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves is a significant topic in the field of micro-nano optics, and metasurfaces provide a convenient solution for this target. However, the design of metasurfaces is still complex, often involving both parameter space and polarization space, where the simultaneous control of amplitude and phase is quite challenging. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for the spin-multiplexed control of amplitude and phase based on chiral metasurfaces, which only consider the parameter space.

Multifunctional Logic Gates via Coexistent Positive and Negative Photoconductivity of a Single BiSe Photodetector.

Because existing electronic logic gates have some limitations in the era of information explosion, the demand for substantial amounts of data processing has aroused interest in new types of logic gates. The use of optoelectronic materials to prepare logic gates is popular; however, they often have complex structures, high power consumption, and low reliability. Herein, a new optoelectronic logic gate (OELG) is presented based on the coexistence of positive and negative photoconductivities in the 2D material BiSe at different wavelengths.

Dual-Functional Optoelectronic Synaptic Device Based on MoTe/h-BN Transistor Through UV Light Induced Doping.

Synaptic devices serve as the fundamental units of the brain-inspired neuromorphic computing architecture, which has been proposed to complement the drawback of von Neumann configuration in terms of computational efficiency. In this study, a dual-functional optoelectronic synaptic device is proposed based on the three-terminal MoTe/h-BN transistor to seamlessly integrate both the synaptic and logic operation functions. The device can be switched between n- and p-type modes through ultraviolet (UV) light induced doping, allowing for versatile plasticity modulation strategies tailored to each operational mode.

Deformation Control of Adjustable-Ring-Mode (ARM) Laser Welding for Aluminum Alloys.

In the domain of new energy vehicles, the control of welding deformation in aluminum alloy battery systems poses substantial challenges. The existing methodologies for diminishing welding deformation, such as laser segmented skip welding, alteration of welding path sequences, numerical simulation prediction, and post-weld heat treatment, still possess room for further optimization when applied to intricate welding structures. In this research, a novel adjustable-ring-mode laser in conjunction with the oscillation welding technique was employed to explore the impacts of fiber core diameter, laser light field brightness distribution, and process parameters on weld formation.

Olaparib reverses prostate cancer resistance to Rapamycin by promoting macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Despite its prevalence, treatment outcomes are often unsatisfactory, necessitating the search for more effective therapeutic approaches. mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin (RAPA) has shown promise in managing PCa, but the emergence of resistance often undermines its long-term effectiveness.

Efficient and Accurate Brain Tumor Classification Using Hybrid MobileNetV2-Support Vector Machine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics in Neoplasms.

Background/objectives: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in brain tumor diagnosis by providing clear visualization of soft tissues without the use of ionizing radiation. Given the increasing incidence of brain tumors, there is an urgent need for reliable diagnostic tools, as misdiagnoses can lead to harmful treatment decisions and poor outcomes. While machine learning has significantly advanced medical diagnostics, achieving both high accuracy and computational efficiency remains a critical challenge.

A Room-Temperature Terahertz Photodetector Imaging with High Stability and Polarization-Sensitive Based on Perovskite/Metasurface.

Terahertz (THz) polarization detection facilitates the capture of multidimensional data, including intensity, phase, and polarization state, with broad applicability in high-resolution imaging, communication, and remote sensing. However, conventional semiconductor materials are limited by energy band limitations, rendering them unsuitable for THz detection. Overcoming this challenge, the realization of high-stability, room-temperature polarization-sensitive THz photodetectors (PDs) leveraging the thermoelectric effect of Cs(FAMA)Pb(IBr) (CsFAMA)/metasurfaces is presented.

Rapid, sensitive and multiplexed detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acids enabled by phase-based surface plasmon resonance of metallic gratings.

A rapid, sensitive and easy-to-implement approach is proposed for the detection of pathogenic nucleic acids based on phase-based plasmonic spectroscopy of metallic gratings. The plasmonic sensors were fabricated using interference lithography and functionalized with single-stranded DNA probes to specific target SARS-CoV-2. The biosensor achieved the detection of 40 fM viral nucleic acids within 5 min; furthermore, a detection capability of 1 aM (0.

Achievement splitting for topological states with pseudospin in phase modulation by using gyromagnetic photonic crystals.

As we know, valley-Hall kink states or pseudospin helical edge states are excited by polarized-momentum-locking [left-handed circular polarization (LCP) and right-handed circular polarization (RCP)] because the valley-Hall kink modes or pseudospin polarized modes have intrinsic and local chirality, which is difficult for these states to achieve phase modulation. Here we theoretically design and study a compatible topological photonic system with coexistence of photonic quantum Hall phase and pseudospin Hall phase, which is composed of gyromagnetic photonic crystals with a deformed honeycomb lattice containing six cylinders. A typical kind of hybrid topological waveguide states with pseudospin-characteristic, magnetic field-dependent, and strong robustness against backscattering and perfect electric conductor (PEC) is realized in the present system.

Bifurcation detection in intravascular optical coherence tomography using vision transformer based deep learning.

. Bifurcation detection in intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) images plays a significant role in guiding optimal revascularization strategies for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We propose a bifurcation detection method using vision transformer (ViT) based deep learning in IVOCT.

High responsivity photodetector based on MEH-PPV/CsPbBrheterojunction.

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and organic materials have great research potential in the field of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, MEH-PPV/CsPbBrheterojunction photodetectors (PDs) are prepared by spin coating method based on the good photoelectric properties of CsPbBrperovskite QDs and MEH-PPV. The MEH-PPV/CsPbBrheterojunction improves the energy level arrangement, and CsPbBrQDs can passivate the surface defects of MEH-PPV films to achieve effective charge separation and transfer, thus inhibiting the dark current and improving the photoelectric performance of the device.

Anisotropic sensing based on single ReSflake for VOCs discrimination.

Selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) holds paramount importance in real-world applications. This study proposes an innovative approach utilizing a single ReSfield-effect transistor (FET) characterized by distinct in-plane anisotropy, specifically tailored for VOC recognition. The unique responses of ReS, endowed with robust in-plane anisotropic properties, demonstrate significant difference along the-axis and-axis directions when exposed to four kinds of VOCs: acetone, methanol, ethanol, and IPA.

Absolute distance meter without dead zone based on free-running dual femtosecond lasers.

Absolute distance measurements based on femtosecond lasers have been extensively studied for precision metrology and advanced manufacturing, with the advantages of traceability, high speed, and nanometer precision. However, in previous studies, the dual femtosecond laser ranging system showed limitations such as system complexity, lower integration, dead zone problems in single optical path detection, and high requirements for laser coherence. It is challenging to achieve a high degree of integration and large-scale continuous measurements using femtosecond lasers, ineluctably limiting practical applications in engineering fields.

Dual Interactive Mode Human-Machine Interfaces Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator and IGZO/InO Heterojunction Synaptic Transistor.

Imitating human neural networks via bio-inspired electronics advances human-machine interfaces (HMI), overcoming von Neumann limitations and enabling efficient, low-energy data processing in the big data era. However, single-contact mode HMIs have inherent limitations in terms of their capabilities and performances, such as constrained adaptability to dynamic environments, and reduced cognitive processing capabilities. Here, a dual-interactive-mode HMI system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and heterojunction synaptic transistor (HJST) is proposed for both contact and non-contact applications.

Manipulation of Charge Transport in MoS/MoTe Field Effect Transistors and Heterostructure by Propagating the Surface Acoustic Wave.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic-scale thickness are promising candidates to develop next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices with multiple functions due to their widely tunable physical properties by various stimuli. The surface acoustic wave (SAW) produced at the surface of the piezoelectrical substrate can generate electrical and strain fields simultaneously with micro/nanometer resolution during propagation. It provides a stable and wireless platform to manipulate the rich and fascinating properties of 2D materials.

Hygrothermal Effect on GF/VE and GF/UP Composites: Durability Performance and Laboratory Assessment.

In order to investigate the durability of two kinds of fiber-reinforced composite materials, and obtain the degradation mechanism and failure model in a hygrothermal environment, E-glass- fiber-reinforced composite materials, glass fiber-reinforced epoxy vinyl ester and glass fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester (named GF/VE and GF/UP, respectively) were chosen to suffer rigorous hygrothermal aging. Their mechanical performance was monitored during the aging process to evaluate their durability. The cause of deterioration of the composite was comprehensively analyzed.

Macular Neural and Microvascular Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Without Retinopathy: A SS-OCT Study.

Purpose: To identify specific markers indicative of macular neural and microvascular alterations in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) without clinically observable retinopathy.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Using the PLEX Elite 9000, all eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) angiography.