Spectral Evidence of Correlation-Controlled Metal-Insulator Transition in NdSrNiO Thin Films.

Epitaxial growth serves as a critical platform for tailoring electronic interactions. Here, we synthesized high-quality NdSrNiO thin films on (LaSr)(AlTa)O (LSAT) (001) and SrTiO (STO) (001) substrates and systematically investigated the effects of substrate strain and chemical doping on their low-energy electronic structures using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Transport measurements reveal that Sr doping strongly suppresses the metal-insulator transition (MIT) temperature on both substrates, with accelerated suppression in STO (001)-grown samples.

Selective crystallization strategies for lanthanide-lanthanide and lanthanide-actinide separations.

Rare-earth elements (REEs), including lanthanides, are vital for high-tech applications; however, their nearly identical trivalent ionic radii and coordination behaviour make individual separation challenging. This difficulty is further intensified by the co-occurrence of actinides (, Th) in REE ores, which share similar chemical properties and complicate purification. In spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing, efficient separation of lanthanides from actinides is also essential for actinide recycling, radiotoxicity reduction, and advancing closed fuel cycle strategies.

A methodological study on measuring the activity of Ac-225 in targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals using CdZnTe.

Ac-225 is a promising radionuclide for clinical α-particle targeted cancer therapy. Accurate measurement of its activity is prerequisite for clinical applications. To explore viable methods for Ac-225 activity measurement in clinical settings, this study used a CdZnTe detector to measure the γ-ray spectra of Th-229 solutions, investigated factors influencing measurement results, and developed efficiency calibration methods.

Bacillus subtilis morphology and bentonite colloids govern Eu(III) transport in quartz sand: Mechanisms and machine learning insights.

Microorganisms critically regulate radionuclide migration through diverse biological mechanisms. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) exhibits strong adsorption capacity, immobilizing radionuclides and limiting their mobility.

Implication of the Existence of J^{PC}=0^{--} D[over ¯]_{s}DK Bound State on the Nature of D_{s0}^{*}(2317), and a New Configuration of Exotic State.

The discovery of numerous new hadrons over the past two decades has provided unprecedented opportunities to understand the nonperturbative QCD and hadron structure. The hadronic molecule picture plays an important role in explaining these new hadrons and enriching the configurations of exotic hadronic states. In this Letter, using the model-independent DK potential extracted from the relevant experimental data, a J^{PC}=0^{--} D[over ¯]_{s}DK three-body hadronic molecule is predicted with a mass of 4310_{-24}^{+14}  MeV.

Strain-Induced Accelerated Chain Dynamics in Cross-Linked Natural Rubber under Active Deformation: An In Situ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study.

The molecular-level chain network evolution in sulfur cured natural rubber upon deformation is elucidated by the combination of tensile instrument and time-domain (TD) nuclear magnetic resonance. Under active deformation, both the microscopic chain dynamics as reflected by proton and the macroscopic stress-strain curves are obtained. In addition to the strain-induced restricted chain dynamics upon deformation, an abnormal strain-induced accelerated semi-restricted chain dynamics is observed when the stretching ratio is within 2.

Spin Frustration and Unconventional Surface Spin Canting State in Van der Waals Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet Heterostructures.

Atomically flat surfaces of van der Waals (vdW) materials pave an avenue for addressing a long-standing fundamental issue of how a compensated antiferromagnet (AFM) surface frustrates a ferromagnetic (FM) overlayer in FM/AFM heterostructures. We investigate FeGeTe/NiPS vdW heterostructures by characterizing AFM and FM spins separately. We find that in-plane zig-zag AFM NiPS develops three equivalent AFM domains, which are robust against external magnetic field and magnetic coupling with FeGeTe.

Isospin Symmetry Breaking Disclosed in the Decay of Three-Proton Emitter ^{20}Al.

The previously unknown nucleus ^{20}Al has been observed for the first time by detecting its in-flight decays. Tracking trajectories of all decay products with silicon microstrip detectors allowed for a conclusion that ^{20}Al is unbound with respect to three-proton (3p) emission. The 3p-decay energy of the ^{20}Al ground state has been determined to be 1.

Z=14 Magicity Revealed by the Mass of the Proton Dripline Nucleus ^{22}Si.

Using the Bρ-defined isochronous mass spectrometry technique, we conducted the first mass measurement of the proton dripline nucleus ^{22}Si. We confirm that ^{22}Si is bound against particle emission with S_{p}/S_{2p}=+1412(114)/+229(54)  keV, fixing the proton dripline location for the Si element. By analyzing the mass differences of the neighboring sd-shell nuclei, we find that ^{22}Si exhibits a doubly magic character similar to its mirror partner ^{22}O, and that the mirror energy difference of ^{22}Si-^{22}O deviates from the predictions assuming mirror symmetry.

Deciphering radiopharmaceutical mechanisms through integrated proteomic and PTM-proteomic profiling.

Drug-regulated protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) enable the identification of modulated pathways and the revelation of phenotypic responses in diseases. However, the integrated regulatory mechanisms of radiopharmaceuticals across the proteomic and PTM landscapes remain poorly characterized. To address this gap, this study presents a quantitative multi-level proteomic analysis to assess regulated PTMs and pathway engagement.

Experimental and Theoretical Unraveling the Separation of An/Ln: Insights to Phenanthroline Diamide Extractant with Variations of Amide Substituent Moieties.

2,9-Diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (DAPhen) extractants constitute a novel class of tetradentate agents due to their high affinity for actinides and their adherence to the CHON principle. In this investigation, we explored the performance in extraction and the capabilities for An/Ln separation of a series of ,'-diethyl-,'-diethyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (Et-Et-DAPhen), ,'-dioctyl-,'-dioctyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (Oct-Oct-DAPhen), ,'-diethyl-,'-ditolyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (Et-Tol-DAPhen), and ,'-dialkyl-,'-diphenyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (R-Ph-DAPhen, R = H, Me, Et, Oct) extractants featuring diverse amide substituents. Combining extraction experiments with theoretical calculations reveals that substituting ethyl with octyl enhances the extraction efficiency.

High-entropy RuO catalyst with dual-site oxide path for durable acidic oxygen evolution reaction.

Developing durable acidic oxygen evolution reaction catalysts is critical for industrial proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. We incorporate high-entropy atoms (Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Sm) into RuO (RuO-HEAE) via annealing, achieving remarkably high stability (>1500 h at 100 mA cm). In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and operando Attenuated Total Reflection Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy reveal RuO-HEAE follows a dual-site oxide path mechanism instead of the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism.

Enhanced Electron Transfer via the Interface Engineering of MoS/MXene for Uranium Reduction and Organic Pollutants Degradation under Sunlight.

Photocatalytic methods are extensively used in the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater. However, the reduction of uranium in natural sunlight remains a central challenge. This work proposed a MoS nanoflower-coupled TiC MXene reduction cocatalyst for bifunctional catalytic systems to remove U(VI) and degrade organic pollutants under natural sunlight.

Optimization of a Micromegas-based fission chamber for application to intensive thermal neutron measurement.

The use of Micromegas to construct fission chambers offers advantages of wide range and high sensitivity, providing significant application value in high-intensity thermal neutron measurements, such as reactor neutron flux rate monitoring. However, the pad array readout method of detectors can lead to multiple-triggering from a single signal, which increases the burden on the electronics and limiting the detector's counting capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the detector structure and operating conditions to restrict the transverse migration and diffusion of charged particles.

Organic probes for NO-activatable biomedical imaging: NIR fluorescence, self-luminescence, and photoacoustic imaging.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes, making its precise detection essential for exploring its biological roles. Optical imaging is particularly attractive for NO detection due to its non-invasive nature, high sensitivity, and excellent spatial resolution. However, it suffers from limited tissue penetration and low signal-to-background ratios resulting from strong light scattering and autofluorescence.

Restructured Three-Coordinated Ni─Se Catalytic Sites for Enhanced Cross-Condensation of Methanol and Ethanol.

The cross-condensation of methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH) offers a promising, carbon-neutral pathway for the production of higher alcohols (HAS) from both CO and biomass resources. However, this process is often hampered by the low efficiency of C alcohol (COH) synthesis, high catalyst production costs, and limited water tolerance. Here, we report for the first time a low-cost, high-performance Ni-based catalyst synthesized via a precise surface selenization protocol that effectively overcomes these limitations.

A cascade signal amplification strategy for the ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of kanamycin base on exonuclease III and mismatched catalytic hairpin assembly.

This study employs a guanine (G)-rich DNA sequence as the recognition element and integrates exonuclease III (Exo III) with a mismatch catalytic hairpin assembly (MCHA)-based cascade isothermal signal amplification strategy to construct a novel fluorescent DNA biosensor for the highly sensitive detection of kanamycin (Kana). In the presence of the target, the recognition element HP1 is unfolded by the target and forms a double-stranded HP1-HP2 structure with HP2. This structure is subsequently cleaved by Exo III, releasing the trigger strand of MCHA.

Significantly Large Negative Ion Formation in Grazing Scattering of Neutral Deuterium and Tritium Atoms from a CsI(100) Surface.

We present the theoretical evidence of the formation of significantly large fractions of negative ions during grazing scattering of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) atoms from a CsI(100) surface. The negative ion conversion efficiency increases to an impressive ≥50%, and the maximum value even reaches 86% and 82% within projectile velocity ranges of ∈ [0.15,0.

Ab initio molecular dynamics investigation on Zr corrosion in aqueous environments: The effects of temperature, boric acid, and alloying element Nb.

A comprehensive investigation on Zr corrosion behavior in aqueous environments was implemented by using the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method, with a focus on the effects of temperature, boric acid, and alloying element Nb. The three primary stages, including adsorption, dissociation, and diffusion of water molecules, were identified in the initial Zr corrosion process. In addition, the specific structural characteristics of water and boric acid dissociation products were determined on Zr or Zr-Nb substrate.

Vision transformer and complex network analysis for autism spectrum disorder classification in T1 structural MRI.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. Early diagnosis is important as it enables timely intervention that can significantly improve long-term outcomes, but current diagnostic, which rely heavily on behavioral observations and clinical interviews, are often subjective and time-consuming. This study introduces an AI-based approach that uses T1-weighted structural MRI (sMRI) scans, network analysis, and vision transformers to automatically diagnose ASD.

Experimental testing and simulation analysis of radiation shielding performance of 90SR-90Y radiation sources using different materials.

The study investigated the maximum range of 90Sr-90Y sources in different shielding materials and assessed β-directional dose equivalent rates and γ ambient dose equivalent rates across varying thicknesses of shielding. Results indicated: (1) Significant differences in 90Sr-90Y source ranges among materials, with the shortest β-ray range observed in tungsten alloy (0.00 to 0.

A Quasi Solid-State Hydrogel/InGaN Nanorod Heterostructure-Enabled Amphibious Sensor for Stable and Cross-Medium Optical Sensing and Monitoring.

The wearable optoelectronic systems, often employed with miniaturized and portable photosensors, can be conformably integrated with the human body to promote the advancement of health monitoring and protection. However, developing advanced photosensors with a simple structure that can be sustainable with high sensitivity in different operation conditions, e.g.

FDG-PET in Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia: Clinical Correlation and Diagnostic Superiority Over MRI.

Background: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often appears normal in patients with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA), whereas case studies indicate [F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can detect abnormal metabolic patterns in these patients. This study aims to evaluate the brain FDG-PET characteristics of ACA, assess its clinical correlations and diagnostic utility.

Methods: 55 ACA patients and 28 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included.

Atomistic Observation of Defect Generation and Microstructural Evolution in Polycrystalline FeCrAl Alloys Under Different Irradiation Conditions.

FeCrAl alloys have garnered considerable attention as candidate cladding materials for light water reactors due to their promising mechanical stability and irradiation resistance. However, the response characteristics of these alloys to irradiation and the associated mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study provides atomistic insights into irradiation-induced defect formation and microstructural evolution in polycrystalline FeCrAl.