The N-terminal region of HASPIN regulates phosphorylation of AURKA and meiotic progression in spermatocytes.

Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a critical regulatory role in meiosis. HASPIN, a kinase highly conserved from yeast to mammals, is required for male fertility. In this study, we found that the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of HASPIN is also required for this function.

Spin Frustration and Unconventional Surface Spin Canting State in Van der Waals Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet Heterostructures.

Atomically flat surfaces of van der Waals (vdW) materials pave an avenue for addressing a long-standing fundamental issue of how a compensated antiferromagnet (AFM) surface frustrates a ferromagnetic (FM) overlayer in FM/AFM heterostructures. We investigate FeGeTe/NiPS vdW heterostructures by characterizing AFM and FM spins separately. We find that in-plane zig-zag AFM NiPS develops three equivalent AFM domains, which are robust against external magnetic field and magnetic coupling with FeGeTe.

Assessment of the causal influence of herpesvirus infections on the risk of depression phenotypes: A Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Previous findings of associations between herpesvirus infections and depression were mixed and did not implicate causality. This study used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to clarify the causal impact of four symptomatic herpesvirus infections (shingles, chicken pox, cold sores, and mononucleosis) on three depression phenotypes, including depressive symptoms (DS), number of episodes with depressed mood (NEDM), and major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: Eligible SNPs were selected as instrumental variables (IVs).

Research hotspots and future trends of insomnia in Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric and visualization analysis from 1973 to 2024.

Unlabelled: Despite the growing body of research on Parkinson's disease (PD) and insomnia, comprehensive analysis of overall research trends remains limited. This study aims to evaluate these trends and identify research hot spots using bibliometric analysis.

Methods: Publications on PD and insomnia from 1973 to 2024 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection.

Ca suppresses stone cell through PuNAC21-PuDof2.5 module regulates lignin biosynthesis in pear fruits.

Lignin deposition in stone cells is a critical factor that limits pear fruit quality, affecting their market value. Calcium ions (Ca ) play an essential role in lignin biosynthesis during fruit stone cell production. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the Ca regulated lignin synthesis in stone cell formation are not fully understood.

Evolutionary analysis and population dynamics in the global transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.

With the widespread prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Mediterranean region, the open reading frame (ORF) K1 gene, a key gene for distinguishing different subtypes of KSHV, has been extensively studied for its diversity and sequence variations. In this study, we collected K1 gene sequences representing subtypes of KSHV worldwide in order to assess the global distribution of KSHV subtypes and to investigate the recombination and selection history of KSHV. Recombination and gene flow analysis indicated a minimum average recombination rate of 0.

Self-Attention-Based Contextual Modulation Improves Neural System Identification.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to be state-of-the-art models for visual cortical neurons. Cortical neurons in the primary visual cortex are sensitive to contextual information mediated by extensive horizontal and feedback connections. Standard CNNs integrate global contextual information to model contextual modulation via two mechanisms: successive convolutions and a fully connected readout layer.

Microneedle-based nanodrugs for tumor immunotherapy.

Microneedles have emerged as a promising and effective method for delivering therapeutic drugs and immunobiologics to treat various diseases. It is widely recognized that immune therapy has limited efficacy in solid tumors due to physical barriers and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Microneedle-based nanodrugs (NDMNs) offer a novel approach to overcome these limitations.

In-Depth Analysis of Soil Microbial Community Succession Model Construction under Microplastics Stress.

Although microplastics (MPs) toxicity to soil microorganisms has been preliminarily explored, the underlying reasons affecting the direction of microbial community succession are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of MPs infer community assembly mechanisms through phylogenetic bin-based null model analysis, network models, and protein function prediction in five typical Northeast China five typical soils. The results show that microbial communities in soils with high organic matter exhibit a stronger response to MPs, with enhanced protein functionality, network regulation, and assembly processes.

Greening but enhanced vegetation water stress in the Yellow River Basin: A holistic perspective.

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) has emerged as a focal point of global vegetation greening due to climate change and human activities. Given its ecological vulnerability and intense human activities, environmental sustainability has become an urgent concern for scholars. Current research on the hydrological effects of vegetation greening, from a reductionist perspective, still struggle to answer the crucial question that whether vegetation water stress is increasing or decreasing.

Associations between salivary microbiota and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in people with HIV.

Objective: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection, essential for Kaposi sarcoma development especially in people with HIV (PWH), has been proposed to be transmitted through saliva. The potential role of salivary microbiota played in the infection of KSHV is largely obscure. This study aimed to explore the association between salivary microbiota and KSHV infection among PWH.

Dual-scale modified BiOBr with enhanced structural self-transformation at wide pH for bifunctional treatment of Cr(VI).

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) poses threat to both ecosystems and human health. Complex pollution conditions, particularly the pH levels, significantly influence the treatment process of Cr(VI). In this study, BiOBr materials were synthesized with exposed (110) facets and Bi vacancies through dual modifications at both grain and atomic scales.

Global, regional, and national epidemiology of hepatoblastoma in children from 1990 to 2021: a trend analysis.

Background And Purpose: Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer in children, yet comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology is limited globally. We aimed to estimate the global trend of hepatoblastoma in children from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: We collected data on hepatoblastoma in children aged 0 to 10 years from 1990 to 2021, derived from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021.

Gas immnuo-nanomedicines fight cancers.

Certain gas molecules, including hydrogen (H), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (HS), oxygen (O) and sulfur dioxide (SO) exhibit significant biological functionalities that can modulate the immune response. Strategies pertaining to gas-based immune therapy have garnered considerable attention in recent years. Nevertheless, delivering various gas molecules precisely into tumors, which leads to enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapeutic effect, is still a main challenge.

120 GOPS Photonic tensor core in thin-film lithium niobate for inference and in situ training.

Photonics offers a transformative approach to artificial intelligence (AI) and neuromorphic computing by enabling low-latency, high-speed, and energy-efficient computations. However, conventional photonic tensor cores face significant challenges in constructing large-scale photonic neuromorphic networks. Here, we propose a fully integrated photonic tensor core, consisting of only two thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulators, a III-V laser, and a charge-integration photoreceiver.

Manipulation of Exchange Bias in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Ferromagnet Near Room Temperature.

As a host for exchange bias (EB), van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have exhibited intriguing and distinct functionalities from conventional magnetic materials. The EB in most vdW systems is far below room temperature, which poses a challenge for practical applications. Here, by using Kerr microscopy, we demonstrate a record-high blocking temperature that approaches room temperature and a huge positive EB field that nears 2 kOe at 100 K in naturally oxidized two-dimensional (2D) vdW ferromagnetic FeGaTe nanoflakes.

Acid-modified hydrochar for higher biodegradation rate of atrazine in various conditions by Paenarthrobacter sp. KN0901: Higher cell viability and bacterial number.

Microbial remediation is a viable and eco-friendly approach for decontaminating pollution. However, its effectiveness can be limited by the microorganisms' survival and growth in changing environments. Hydrochar materials have been utilized in this study to increase the growth and atrazine degradation capabilities of Paenarthrobacter sp.

Nonlinear relationships of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids with the complications of liver cirrhosis: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Background & Aims: The role of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preventing liver cirrhosis complications remains unclear.

Methods: Between 2006 and 2010, 273,834 UK Biobank participants with plasma PUFA quantification data were enrolled and followed up until October 31, 2022. Plasma PUFAs were quantified using a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic profiling platform.

Large-scale calcium imaging reveals a systematic V4 map for encoding natural scenes.

Biological visual systems have evolved to process natural scenes. A full understanding of visual cortical functions requires a comprehensive characterization of how neuronal populations in each visual area encode natural scenes. Here, we utilized widefield calcium imaging to record V4 cortical response to tens of thousands of natural images in male macaques.

Microneedles-mediated calcium-ion-modulated nanoamplifier for potentiating photodynamic therapy via specific-tuning assembly and tumor microenvironment remold.

Off-targeting toxicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment still restrict the therapeutic requirement of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The development of metal ion-coordination-based nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer therapy has advantages, such as precious nanostructure and potent therapeutic effect as well as great safety. In this study, we prepared calcium ions (Ca)-coordination photosensitizer NPs, based on Ca-pyrochloric acid (PPA)-coordination as the new photosensitive nanoamplifiers, and microneedles (MNs) as the personalized apparatus, and investigated the nanoamplifiers for treating the melanoma via transdermal administration.

Synthesis and Polymorph Manipulation of FeSe Monolayers.

Polymorph engineering involves the manipulation of material properties through controlled structural modification and is a candidate technique for creating unique two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanodevices. Despite its promise, polymorph engineering of magnetic TMDC monolayers has not yet been demonstrated. Here we grow FeSe monolayers via molecular beam epitaxy and find that they have great promise for magnetic polymorph engineering.

Tracing the vertical migration of exogenous cadmium in soil by seasonal freeze-thaw event using rare earth elements.

Environmental behaviors of heavy metal in soil are strongly influenced by seasonal freeze-thaw events at the mid-high altitudes. However, the potential impact mechanisms of freeze-thaw cycles on the vertical migration of heavy metal are still poor understood. This study aimed to explore how exogenous cadmium (Cd) migrated and remained in soil during the in-situ seasonal freeze-thaw action using rare earth elements (REEs) as tracers.

Spin disorder control of topological spin texture.

Stabilization of topological spin textures in layered magnets has the potential to drive the development of advanced low-dimensional spintronics devices. However, achieving reliable and flexible manipulation of the topological spin textures beyond skyrmion in a two-dimensional magnet system remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the introduction of magnetic iron atoms between the van der Waals gap of a layered magnet, FeGaTe, to modify local anisotropic magnetic interactions.