Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system, a new therapeutic target for sleep disorders.

Sleep disorders encompass a range of diseases and symptoms that disrupt individual sleep patterns, degrade sleep quality, and diminish sleep efficiency. Currently, the mechanisms governing sleep regulation and the etiology of sleep disorders remain unclear, leading to clinical treatments that are primarily symptomatic due to the absence of precise intervention methods. Recent studies suggest that glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic route is responsible for the clearance of macromolecular metabolites from the brain, thus playing a pivotal role in maintaining sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythm.

L1-Constrained Fractional-Order Gradient Descent for Axial Dimension Estimation of Conical Targets.

The efficient utilization of structural information in High-Range Resolution Profiles (HRRPs) is of great significance for improving recognition performance. This paper proposes a size estimation method based on L1-norm variable fractional-order gradient descent, which achieves size inversion in complex electromagnetic environments by establishing an HRRP projection model of ballistic targets. Specifically: First, through rigorous geometrical optics analysis, an analytical relationship model between the target's projected size and actual size is established.

Effects of Cerebellar Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at Different Frequencies on Working Memory: An EEG Study.

Background: The cerebellum serves as an important target for non-invasive cognitive regulation because of its involvement in diverse cognitive processes via cerebro-cerebellar circuits. However, the efficiency of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in different cognitive behavior protocols remains elusive.

Objective: To investigate changes in working memory and behavioral performance after different cerebellar rTMS to provide objective neurobiological guidance for optimizing cerebellar TMS parameters.

Epileptic seizure biophysics: the role of local voltage difference.

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to hyperexcitable neuronal network activity. The manifestations vary widely, ranging from subtle sensory disturbances to profound alterations of consciousness, depending on which brain regions are affected and their underlying etiology. Exploring the biophysical mechanisms of epileptic seizures holds significant for predicting and controlling the disease.

Cerebellar Crus II Regulates Recognition and Spatial Memory in Mice.

The cerebellar Crus II is implicated in the late stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet its specific roles in memory regulation and therapeutic potential remain unclear. Using in vivo fiber photometry, we observed robust activation of Crus II neurons in healthy mice during recognition memory tasks. Acute chemogenetic inhibition of Crus II neurons impaired recognition and spatial memory in mice.

Identification and Verification of Error-Related Potentials Based on Cerebellar Targets.

The error-related potential (ErrP) is a weak explicit representation of the human brain for individual wrong behaviors. Previously, ErrP-related research usually focused on the design of automatic correction and the error correction mechanisms of high-risk pipeline-type judgment systems. Mounting evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays an important role in various cognitive processes.

Ventral wing hairs provide tactile feedback for aerial prey capture in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus.

Bats rely on their hand-wings to execute agile flight maneuvers, to grasp objects, and cradle young. Embedded in the dorsal and ventral membranes of bat wings are microscopic hairs. Past research findings implicate dorsal wing hairs in airflow sensing for flight control, but the function of ventral wing hairs has not been previously investigated.

Investigation into white matter microstructure differences in visual training by using an automated fiber tract subclassification segmentation quantification method.

Visual training has emerged as a useful framework for investigating training-related brain plasticity, a highly complex task involving the interaction of visual orientation, attention, reasoning, and cognitive functions. However, the effects of long-term visual training on microstructural changes within white matter (WM) is poorly understood. Therefore, a set of visual training programs was designed, and automated fiber tract subclassification segmentation quantification based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was performed to obtain the anatomical changes in the brains of visual trainees.

Differences and Changes in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity of Parkinson's Patients with Visual Hallucinations.

Recent studies have discovered that functional connections are impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) accompanied by hallucinations (PD-H), even at the preclinical stage. The cerebellum has been implicated in playing a role in cognitive processes. However, the functional connectivity (FC) between the cognitive sub-regions of the cerebellum in PD patients with hallucinations needs further clarification.

Composite control of anti-drone platform for stable tracking under disturbance.

First, focused on the complex problem that a U-shaped tracking frame is unreachable to obtain the pointing angles of an unmanned aerial vehicle target, a novel coordinate transformation method is proposed in this paper. The fixed transformation relationship between the intermediate links is deduced by establishing a unified coordinate system, simplifying the algorithm conversion process, and saving computing resources and time. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed method has been verified in both aspects of theory and experiment.

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at the Cerebellum on Working Memory.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a widely used brain intervention technique in clinical settings. In recent years, the role of the cerebellum in learning and memory has become one of the hotspots in the field of cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we recruited 36 healthy college or graduate students as subjects and divided them into groups, with 10 to 14 subjects in each group.

A Novel Method for Interferometric Phase Estimation in Dual-Channel Cancellation.

Multichannel SAR systems have grown rapidly over the past decade due to their powerful high-resolution and wide-swath (HRWS) capabilities. Because spatially separated channels also have the potential to suppress jamming, dual-channel cancellation is a general method that is effective regardless of the type of jamming signal. In this paper, the principle of dual-channel cancellation (DCC) is introduced, and several practical problems using DCC are also discussed.

A Method for the Study of Cerebellar Cognitive Function-Re-Cognition and Validation of Error-Related Potentials.

The cerebellar region has four times as many brain cells as the brain, but whether the cerebellum functions in cognition, and how it does so, remain unexplored. In order to verify whether the cerebellum is involved in cognition, we chose to investigate whether the cerebellum is involved in the process of error judgment. We designed an experiment in which we could activate the subject's error-related potentials (ErrP).

Physiological and Neural Changes with Rehabilitation Training in a 53-Year Amputee: A Case Study.

Many people who received amputation wear sEMG prostheses to assist in their daily lives. How these prostheses promote muscle growth and change neural activity remains elusive. We recruited a subject who had his left hand amputated for over 53 years to participate in a six-week rehabilitation training using an sEMG prosthesis.

Development of a Wearable Glove System with Multiple Sensors for Hand Kinematics Assessment.

In traditional hand function assessment, patients and physicians always need to accomplish complex activities and rating tasks. This paper proposes a novel wearable glove system for hand function assessment. A sensing system consisting of 12 nine-axis inertial and magnetic unit (IMMU) sensors is used to obtain the acceleration, angular velocity, and geomagnetic orientation of human hand movements.

High-Rise Building 3D Reconstruction with the Wrapped Interferometric Phase.

The great development of high-resolution SAR system gives more opportunities to observe building structures in detail, especially the advanced interferometric SAR (InSAR), which techniques attract more attention on exploiting useful information on urban infrastructures. Considering that the high-rise buildings in urban areas are quite common in big cities, it is of great importance to retrieve the three-dimension (3D) information of the urban high-rise buildings in urban remote sensing applications. In this paper, the 3D reconstruction of high-rise buildings using the wrapped InSAR phase image was studied, referring to the geometric modulation in very high resolution (VHR) SAR images, such as serious layover cause by high-rise buildings.

Efficient Sensor Placement Optimization for Shape Deformation Sensing of Antenna Structures with Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensors.

This paper investigates the problem of an optimal sensor placement for better shape deformation sensing of a new antenna structure with embedded or attached Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors. In this paper, the deformation shape of the antenna structure is reconstructed using a strain⁻displacement transformation, according to the measured discrete strain data from limited FBG strain sensors. Moreover, a two-stage sensor placement method is proposed using a derived relative reconstruction error equation.

Demonstration of measuring sea fog with an SNSPD-based Lidar system.

The monitor of sea fogs become more important with the rapid development of marine activities. Remote sensing through laser is an effective tool for monitoring sea fogs, but still challengeable for large distance. We demonstrated a Long-distance Lidar for sea fog with superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD), which extended the ranging area to a 180-km diameter area.