Integrative multi-omics identifies S100A8/IGFBP5/CTSK/S100P as dual diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in Crohn's disease: from computational discovery to preclinical validation.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. With no cure currently available, the need to discover novel biomarkers and develop effective therapeutic strategies is paramount. This study used a comprehensive machine learning approach to identify key predictive genes for CD, including S100A8, IGFBP5, CTSK, and S100P.

Association between metal(loid)s in different biospecimens and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Metal (loid)s are widely present in the environment and affect human health, especially the central nervous system. Dementia is a syndrome characterized by cognitive decline that can be caused by neurological degeneration. We aimed to review the current state of knowledge with respect to associations between various metal(loid)s in different biospecimens and dementia.

Tea tree oil attenuates diquat-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in chickens via modulating oxidative stress and gut microbiota.

This study investigated the effects of tea tree oil (TTO) protective effects against diquat (DIQ)-induced toxicity in chickens. 240 one-day-old Hy-Line W-36 laying chickens randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: 1) chickens fed a basal diet and 2) chickens fed a diet supplemented with 200 ppm TTO. At 20 days of age, half of the chickens in each group were intraperitoneally injected with DIQ (20 mg per kg body weight), whereas the other half were injected with an equivalent amount of PBS.

Effects of bamboo nano-biochar on sandy loam nitrogen and phosphorus leaching loss and water infiltration capacity.

Biochar has emerged as a promising soil amendment for improving soil quality and mitigating environmental impacts, such as nutrient leaching. This study evaluated the impacts of ball-milled bamboo nano-biochar on water infiltration dynamics, retention capacity, and nitrogen‑phosphorus leaching in sandy loam soil using controlled column experiments and leaching experiments with five application doses alongside bulk biochar and untreated controls. Experimental results demonstrated that nano-biochar application significantly enhanced soil water retention capacity compared to the raw soil.

Ras/Raf dimerization model for activation of Raf kinase.

Our previously proposed Ras dimerization model is consistent with recent details observed by NMR in that Raf activation is centered on the Ras/Raf dimer, distinct from one in which Ras activates Raf as a monomer with the Raf cysteine rich domain inserted in the membrane. We review mechanistic understanding of Raf activation within nanoclusters of Ras on the membrane, with a shift to dimers upon binding Raf. This sets the stage for a signaling platform composed of Ras/Raf and Galectin dimers that facilitates the release of Raf autoinhibition and folding of the Raf intrinsically disordered region between the Ras-binding domains and the kinase bound to 14-3-3 and MEK.

Jiawei yanghe decoction alleviates osteoporotic osteoarthritis by promoting MSC osteogenic differentiation and homing via ITGB6/TGF-β/CXCR4 pathway.

Background: Osteoporotic osteoarthritis (OPOA), a distinct subtype of osteoarthritis (OA), has imposed a significant health and economic burden worldwide. However, mechanistic studies and therapeutic strategies for this disease remain in the exploratory stage.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the specific molecular mechanisms by which osteoporosis (OP) exacerbates OA progression through accelerated subchondral bone (SB) sclerosis and the potential of Jiawei Yanghe Decoction (JWYHD) in treating OPOA.

Alpha-linolenic acid ameliorates T2DM via reshaping gut-liver axis and inflammatory GPR120-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in mouse and rat models.

Background: The gut-liver axis, pivotal in managing glucose balance and insulin responsiveness, is central to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research has highlighted the regulatory effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), but it remains unclear how ALA modulates gut microbiota and liver inflammation in T2DM.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically investigate ALA's influence on liver inflammation, intestinal barrier integrity, gut microbial composition, and metabolic homeostasis in T2DM, with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Soft tissue scaffold fabrication based on electrospinning: Application and prospect.

Electrospun scaffolds show strong potential in soft tissue engineering, particularly in promoting the repair of soft tissue lesions, and have attracted increasing research attention in recent years. The macroscopic structure of electrospun scaffolds plays a key role in optimizing mechanical properties, degradation rate, and biocompatibility. These structures can be tailored through post-processing techniques to meet the diverse requirements of different soft tissues.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles - From synthesis to nanomedicine.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have emerged as powerful tools in nanomedicine owing to their heavy-metal-free composition, distinct magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and customizable surface chemistry. While traditionally employed as T-weighted MRI contrast agents, recent innovations have enabled the development of ultra-small SPIONs-such as exceedingly small SPIONs (ES-SPIONs) and single-nanometer iron oxide nanoparticles (SNIOs)-that offer T-weighted MRI capabilities, which are favored by radiologists for their superior anatomical clarity. This review highlights the synthesis of monodisperse SPIONs via thermal decomposition and controlled oxidation, as well as their functionalization with zwitterionic dopamine sulfonate (ZDS) ligands, which confer colloidal stability, minimal protein adsorption, and efficient renal clearance.

Spatiotemporal characteristics, drivers, sources, and health risks of nitrate and sulfate in groundwater on the Chinese Loess Plateau.

Groundwater nitrate (NO) and sulfate (SO) pollution in semi-arid regions has attracted widespread attention. However, unveiling the dynamics and sources of NO and SO in regional groundwater is challenging because of complex anthropogenic activities and hydrogeological conditions. This study combined physicochemistry and multiple stable isotopes (δH-HO, δO-HO, δN-NO, δO-NO, δS-SO, and δO-SO) to explore the spatiotemporal patterns, driving factors, sources, and potential health hazards of NO and SO in groundwater on the Loess Plateau, China.

Construction of Co/CoN nanoparticles embedded S and N-doped carbon from a cobalt-complex as a bifunctional Electrocatalyst for ORR and OER.

Advancing impactful, economical, and durable Co-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been crucial in developing sustainable energy technologies. In this work, Co and CoN nanoparticles (NPs)-incorporated S, N-doped carbon catalysts (Co/CoN/SNC) were prepared via direct pyrolysis of the CoDATT complex, exhibiting high bifunctional electrocatalytic performance for ORR and OER. The complex precursor, CoDATT, was synthesized for the first time using diaminoterthiophene (DATT) and CoCl.

ZnO dual-functional template-assisted construction of hierarchical porous hard carbon anode for high-rate sodium storage.

Hard carbon has emerged as the most widely studied and commercialized anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, improving the charge transfer kinetics within the plateau potential range of the hard carbon anode is crucial for the development of fast-charging SIBs. In this study, we prepared a novel composite material, ZAPA-1300, by uniformly mixing starch, asphalt, and zinc oxide (ZnO), followed by a two-step treatment process.

Surface reconstruction of electroless-deposited Ni-Co-P for large-current-density urea-assisted water splitting.

Urea electrolysis holds tremendous promise to remediate urea-containing wastewater and produce cost-effective hydrogen. Achieving highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts to drive the anodic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is paramount to promote its practical applications. Herein, electroless deposition, a scalable, cost-effective, and energy-saving approach, is used to obtain amorphous Ni-Co-P nanoparticles.

Heat transfer and parameter optimization for medical waste pyrolysis in an indirectly heated rotary kiln.

This study investigated the pyrolysis of mixed medical waste (MMW) in an indirectly heated rotary kiln, focusing on the effects of operating parameters (filling ratio, heat source temperature, and rotation speed) on the heat transfer performance and product distribution. The pyrolysis behaviors of individual components (cotton swabs, paper, bandages, and plastics) and their composite mixtures were characterized using thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The heat transfer characteristics, chemical reaction properties, kiln operating parameters, and interactions between the processes were also investigated.

Estrogen inhibits granulosa cell apoptosis via nuclear receptors by suppressing death receptor and mitochondrial pathways in goat small antral follicles.

Small antral follicles frequently undergo atresia due to inadequate gonadotropin support, characterized by reduced estrogen synthesis and granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. The role of estrogen in regulating GC apoptosis during follicular atresia remains incompletely defined. Caprine small antral follicles (1-2 mm) were isolated and cultured in vitro under serum- and gonadotropin-free conditions to induce atresia, with or without 17β-estradiol (E) supplementation.

Enhanced effect and mechanism of biochar on the nitrogen removal of low C/N wastewater by cold-tolerant heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacterium.

Biological denitrification is an essential method for sewage treatment, though its efficiency is often constrained by low temperatures and insufficient organic carbon sources. In this study, a novel cold-tolerant heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens sp. Z03, was isolated from activated sludge, and its denitrification performance was evaluated.

Flexible, multifunctional sensor based on core-sheath sensing medium for humidity sensing and heat-resistant pressure.

The practical implementation of wearable sensing devices for human health monitoring requires significant advancements in lightweight design and multifunctional integration. Fiber-shaped sensors have attracted considerable research attention due to their ability to maintain exceptional sensitivity and measurement accuracy under various mechanical deformations, including bending, stretching, and torsion. Nevertheless, the functional integration remains constrained, particularly as evidenced by sensitivity degradation and device failure under extreme high-temperature conditions, which severely hinders their practical applicability for real-time health monitoring applications in complex environmental scenarios.

Intra-arterial thrombolytics after successful recanalization in endovascular thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Intra-arterial thrombolytics (IAT) as adjunctive therapy for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) after successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) may improve outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of IAT in this context.

Methods: We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IAT versus placebo or no IAT in LVO-AIS patients with successful recanalization post-EVT, including published studies and recent conference data.

Effects of multi-component interventions on the lifestyle in pre-frail or frail older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Frailty is defined as a biological syndrome characterized by a decreased reserve and resistance to stressors. Frailty is closely related to lifestyle, and improving lifestyle can effectively reduce the incidence of frailty and related adverse events. Multi-component interventions were an effective mean of improving lifestyle, which has been validated in studies of other populations.

In Vivo Electrochemical Aptasensors Reveal Reversible Dopamine Dysregulation from Adolescent Malnutrition.

Dopamine (DA) signaling is essential for neurodevelopment and is particularly sensitive to disruption during adolescence. Protein restriction (PR) can impair DA dynamics, yet mechanistic insights remain limited due to challenges in real-time neurochemical sensing. Here, we present aptCFE, a robust implantable aptamer-based sensor fabricated via a reagent-free, 3 min electrochemical conjugation (E-conjugation) using amine-quinone chemistry.

Ultra-High Zinc Utilization Enabled by MXene Anode for Flexible Dual-Plating Zn-Br Microbatteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion microbatteries exhibit promising prospects for wearable devices due to their high safety and cost-effectiveness but face challenges such as low energy density and short cycle life. To address these challenges, a dual-plating flexible Zn-Br microbattery was developed using freestanding MXene films as a zinc metal free anode. The MXene anode retains no redundant Zn, as Zn from the electrolyte undergoes deposition/stripping reactions on its substrate, thereby eliminating the necessity for excess zinc.

Correction: Factors Affecting the Receptiveness of Chinese Internists and Surgeons Toward Artificial Intelligence-Driven Drug Prescription: Protocol for a Systematic Survey Study.

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Community Connectedness as a Source of Adherence to HIV Prevention Behaviors and Resilience Among Transgender Women of Color in New York City, 2020-2022.

To examine how one's community connectedness may act as a source of resilience and promote HIV prevention and care behaviors among transgender women of color. We analyzed survey data from 313 transgender women of color living in New York City collected from August 2020 to November 2022. The Community Connectedness Scale asks participants about their baseline feelings of connection, feelings of inclusion, feelings of belonging, feelings of isolation, and feelings of being unlike in relation to the transgender community.