Cathode Design via Iron-Coordinated Covalent Organic Frameworks Facilitating Four-Electron Transfer to Achieve High-Capacity Aqueous zinc-iodine Batteries.

The variable valence states of iodine(I) render Zn-I batteries an intriguing area of research. However, current Zn-I batteries are mostly based on I/I redox chemistry. Effective strategies for activating the high-voltage I/I redox couple in iodine-based cathode materials remain relatively scarce.

Significantly enhancing human antibody affinity via deep learning and computational biology-guided single-point mutations.

Enhancing antibody affinity is a critical goal in antibody design, as it improves therapeutic efficacy, specificity, and safety while reducing dosage requirements. Traditional methods, such as single-point mutations or combinatorial mutagenesis, are limited by the impracticality of exhaustively exploring the vast mutational space. To address this challenge, we developed a novel computational pipeline that integrates evolutionary constraints, antibody-antigen-specific statistical potentials, molecular dynamics simulations, metadynamics, and a suite of deep learning models to identify affinity-enhancing mutations.

Harnessing for quantitative MRI, bioluminescence, chemo-magnetic hyperthermia, and near-infrared optical imaging of a magnetic nanotheranostic for passive targeted monitoring in colorectal cancer models.

Colorectal cancer is the second foremost cause of cancer-related fatalities, but it is currently missing an effective treatment. For researchers, the ability to monitor therapeutic nanoparticles of interest within a living animal using non-invasive observation tools has been a futuristic idea for a long time. In this work, a multifunctional magnetic nanotheranostic functionalized with Cyanine 5.

Metabolomic profiling of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts reveals potent xanthine oxidase inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Piper sarmentosum (Psar) is widely used in traditional medicine across Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia to treat joint pain, inflammation, and digestive ailments. In Vietnam, Psar is commonly used to relieve symptoms associated with gout. Despite its broad ethnomedical applications, the plant has not been comprehensively studied for its anti-gout properties, particularly xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition.

Longitudinal profiling of the human gut microbiome reveals temporal and personalized responses to inulin.

This study monitored gut microbiome changes in healthy volunteers following inulin intervention, revealing dynamic and highly individualized shifts in microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid production. Using batch cultures, correlation analysis, and predictive modeling, we explored the personalized microbiome response. Our findings highlight the individualized response of the gut microbiome to prebiotics and the need for precision nutrition.

Iminium Catalysis in Natural Diels-Alderase.

Iminium-catalyzed cycloaddition is one of the most prominent examples of organocatalysis, yet a biological counterpart has not been reported despite the wide-spread occurrence of iminium adducts in enzymes. Here, we present biochemical, structural, and computational evidence for iminium catalysis by the natural Diels-Alderase SdnG that catalyzes norbornene formation in sordarin biosynthesis. A Schiff base adduct between the ε-nitrogen of active site K127 and the aldehyde group of the enal dienophile was revealed by structural analysis and captured under catalytic conditions via borohydride reduction.

Exogenous adenosine promotes barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) cyprid settlement through molecular signaling and improved adhesive mechanics.

Marine biofouling caused by barnacle gregarious settlement poses significant challenges to various industries and ecosystems, such as increased drag on ship hulls, elevated fuel consumption, and heightened maintenance costs. While natural chemical cues are instrumental in driving barnacle settlement, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this work, we investigated the effects of adenosine (Ado), a settlement pheromone of Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids, on cyprid exploration behavior, nano-mechanical properties of footprints, and gene expression using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and omics analysis.

Activation of the supramammillary-dentate gyrus circuit enhances alertness and cognitive function in a rat model of ADHD.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, with growing evidence suggesting hypoalertness as a contributing factor to its associated cognitive impairments. Despite promising results from behavioral interventions employing external stimuli to improve cognitive function, the underlying neural mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Here, we identify the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) as a critical neural substrate involved in modulating alertness and cognitive deficits associated with ADHD.

Liquid Resistive Switching Devices with Printable Electrodes.

In this work, research on liquid-based resistive switching devices is carried out, using bottom printable electrodes fabricated from Silver (Ag) paste and silver nitrate (AgNO) solution. The self-crossing I-V curves are observed and repeatedly shown by applying 100 sweep cycles, demonstrating repeatability and stability. This liquid device can be refreshed by adding extra droplets of AgNO so that self-crossing I-V hysteresis with up to 493 dual sweeps can be obtained.

Gut-kidney axis modulation by viable and inactivated mitigates avian hyperuricemia through microbial-metabolic crosstalk.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) has become the fourth most important health-threatening risk factor after hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, but the efficacy of existing uric acid-lowering treatments (ULT) is poor, and there is an urgent need to explore novel ULT strategies. (), a next-generation probiotic, shows promise in promoting intestinal homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential application of in ULT, but its specific mechanism has not been elucidated.

2D Confined Crystallization of Precisely Synthesized POSS-Containing Homopolymers Beyond Chain Folding Model.

This study investigates the influence of chain length on the crystalline structure and thermodynamic behavior of side-chain polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing homopolymers. A series of precisely synthesized POSS-containing polymers with exact chain lengths was prepared using precision chemistry. Comprehensive characterization revealed that the covalent attachment of crystalline POSS cages to the polymer backbone confined their crystallization to a 2D lattice, fundamentally distinct from the chain-folding mechanism of conventional polymers.

AlphaFold3 for Noncanonical Cyclic Peptide Modeling: Hierarchical Benchmarking Reveals Accuracy and Practical Guidelines.

Despite the revolutionary impact of AlphaFold3 on structural biology, this model's capability in predicting noncanonical cyclic peptides remains unexplored. Given the clinical significance of cyclic peptides containing unnatural residues as a therapeutic modality, we present the first systematic evaluation of AlphaFold3 for this class of molecules. To facilitate benchmarking, we developed an automated input pipeline to streamline AlphaFold3 predictions for cyclic peptides.

Mussel-inspired photothermal antibacterial multi-network hydrogel for cascade-enhanced infected wound healing.

The clinical treatment of infected skin injuries caused by exogenous bacteria presents significant challenges, and traditional therapies struggle to achieve multiple therapeutic effects simultaneously. Herein, a mussel-inspired photothermal antibacterial self-repairing hydrogel (BA-PDZn-N) was designed for accelerating infected wound healing. Multi-network structures were constructed through free radical polymerization and dynamic borate bonding between acrylamide, 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid, and polydopamine (PDA), as well as metal ligand chelation between PDA and Zn for uniform porosity.

Analysis of hybrid integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition for image steganography under various noise conditions.

This paper presents a new hybrid method for concealing images within a cover image using Integer Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition to enhance the imperceptibility and robustness of hidden images within a cover image. A custom graphical user interface has been developed to aid in evaluating performance metrics, allowing users to assess how various noise conditions affect stego images interactively. The technique shows minimal distortion with a Mean Squared Error of 9.

Dechlorination Triggers Defluorination: Novel Defluorination Pathways of Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Cl-PFAS) by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron.

Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl substances (Cl-PFAS) are increasingly detected in contaminated environments, and the relative ease of C-Cl cleavage offers opportunities for defluorination. Herein, we demonstrated, for the first time, the dechlorination of Cl-PFAS by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), and we revealed that such dechlorination can induce indirect defluorination when Cl is substituted at the middle of the perfluorocarbon chain. The carbanion (-CF-CF-), generated via two successive single-electron transfer steps, is the key intermediate enabling defluorination through β-elimination of F to form alkenyl products (-CF═CF-).

Development of NAFLD-Specific Human Liver Organoid Models on a Microengineered Array Chip for Semaglutide Efficacy Evaluation.

Progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may culminate in severe complications, including fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet therapeutic breakthroughs remain elusive, necessitating novel pharmacological strategies. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist clinically approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity management, has demonstrated pleiotropic effects in preclinical NAFLD models. In this study, we investigated semaglutide's therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in a human liver organoids (hLOs) model of NAFLD.

Long-Term Neural Recording Performance of PEDOT/CNT/Dexamethasone Coated Electrode Array Implanted in Visual Cortex of Rats.

Implantable neural electrode arrays can be inserted in the brain to provide single-cell electrophysiology recording for neuroscience research and brain-machine interface applications. However, maintaining signal quality over time is complicated by inflammatory tissue responses and degradation of electrode materials. Organic electrode coatings offer a solution by enhancing recording and stimulation capabilities, including reduced impedance, increased charge injection capacity, and the ability to incorporate and release anti-inflammatory drugs.

EMC Effect of Tritium and Helium-3 from the JLab MARATHON Experiment.

Measurements of the EMC effect in the tritium and helium-3 mirror nuclei are reported. The data were obtained by the MARATHON Jefferson Lab experiment, which performed deep inelastic electron scattering from deuterium and the three-body nuclei, using a cryogenic gas target system and the high resolution spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of the Lab. The data cover the Bjorken x range from 0.

Modulating thermal conductance at ligand/nanocrystal interfaces oxygen-coordinated ligands.

The interfacial thermal conductance () between a cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystal (NC) and three related organic ligands-olealdehyde, oleyl alcohol, and oleic acid-was investigated computationally. These ligands have the same carbon backbone but differ in the number and type of oxygen-coordinated headgroups (carbonyl and/or hydroxyl), leading to distinct bonding geometries involving monodentate and bidentate bonds. For a fully encapsulated NC, increases in the order of olealdehyde, oleic acid, and oleyl alcohol ligands.

Regulation of Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold Through Motor Training: An EEG and Kinematics Study.

Aims: Motor training enhances somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT), but the distinct neural mechanisms underlying actual execution versus motor imagery remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of ball-rotation training (BRT; actual execution) and visual-guided imagery (VGI; motor imagery) on STDT, kinematic performance, and neurophysiological plasticity in healthy adults.

Methods: Forty-eight right-handed participants were randomized into four groups: BRT (actual execution), VGI (motor imagery without movement), tactile control (simple gripping), and no-intervention control.

Interactions of Aqueous Microdroplets and Mineral Particles Drive Fluorine-First Perfluoroalkyl Mineralization.

Anthropogenic perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive contaminants subject to increasingly stringent regulatory thresholds in water resources. Current nonthermal defluorination strategies face critical limitations, including incomplete mineralization, yielding persistent short-chain PFAS byproducts, and residual fluoride ions, thereby hindering compliance with water quality standards. Herein, we demonstrate that wollastonite-bearing microdroplets prioritize defluorination over C-C scission in perfluoroalkyl chains through liquid-solid-gas triple-phase contact electrification.

Mortality risk associated with general and central obesity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a long-term prospective cohort study.

Aim: To comprehensively investigate the long-term risk of all-cause mortality associated with general and central obesity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Overall, 5107 IBD patients [mean age 57.0 (SD: 8.

Discovery of CRISPR-Cas12a clades using a large language model.

CRISPR-Cas systems revolutionize life science. Metagenomes contain millions of unknown Cas proteins. Traditional mining relies on protein sequence alignments.

Intestinal bacteria translocation promotes β-cell dysfunction in DIO mice.

Awareness of the intestinal microflora involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has now become more evident. However, direct mechanical insight is required to illustrate the contribution of intestinal microflora in the disease progression. In this study, we aimed to precisely assess the changes in intestinal bacteria translocation (IBT) from gut to the pancreas using combinations of FISH, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and deep learning-assisted methods to track IBT in diet-induced obese (DIO) and antibiotic-induced microbiota disruption (AIMD)-DIO mouse models.

Biomimetic magnetobacterial microrobots for active pneumonia therapy.

Immense progress in synthetic micro-/nanorobots with diverse functionalities has been made for biomedical applications during the last decade. However, there is still a huge gap for miniature robots to realize efficient therapy from in vitro to in vivo level. Here click chemistry is used to introduce curcumin-loaded hybrid cell membrane nanoparticles to magnetotactic bacteria AMB-1 with magnetic actuation, thus creating biohybrid microrobots CurNPs@2TM-AMB-1 for active and efficient pneumonia therapy in vivo.