Shank3 Regulates L-Type Voltage-Gated Ca Channels in the Mouse Striatum and Hippocampus at the Early Developmental Stage.

Neuronal L-type (Cav1.2 and Cav1.3) voltage-gated Ca channels (VGCCs) are important for neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity.

Intermediate-States Mediated 2D MoO Plasmon Enabling Pure-Phased CsPbX Photovoltaics with 27.33% Bifacial Efficiency.

All-inorganic CsPbX (X = I, Br, Cl) perovskites emerged as a crucial material for addressing the stability bottleneck due to their exceptional resistance to both light-thermal stress. However, their performance is limited by adverse optoelectronic dissipation arising from inadequate photon conversion and chaotic carrier energetics. Herein, the mechanism of the unique nonlinear plasmonic effect in van der Waals 2D MoO is elucidated, which is mediated by electronic intermediate states.

Nickel-Catalyzed Umpolung Allylation of Imines with Allylic Alcohols.

A nickel-catalyzed allylation of imines, including cyclic imines such as dibenzoxazepines, quinazolinones, and quinoxalin-2(1)-ones and linear imines, using allylic alcohols as pro-nucleophiles has been developed. This transformation affords homoallylic amines in good to excellent yields with high levels of regio- and diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the bis(π-allyl)nickel(II) intermediate serves as a crucial intermediate in the catalytic cycle, exhibiting nucleophilic reactivity through its η,η coordination mode.

Photoinduced Cobaloxime Catalysis for Oxidant-Free Radical Cyclization of 2-Methylthiolated Alkynones to Access Phosphorylated Thiochromones.

An oxidant-free radical phosphinylation/cyclization of 2-methylthiolated phenylalkynones with secondary phosphine oxides by photoinduced cobaloxime catalysis is described. The reaction tolerates a wide range of substrates, particularly those that are sensitive to chemical oxidation, affording various phosphorylated thiochromones in good yields with methane evolution. The synthesis of new monophosphine and phosphine-olefin ligands as well as the construction of an iridium complex highlight the great potential applications of this approach.

Buried interface anchoring with silane coupling agents for low voltage loss and high-efficiency wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells.

Perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) hold substantial promise for surpassing the efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells. Nevertheless, achieving high open-circuit voltage (V) in wide-bandgap perovskite devices remains a challenge due to significant V-losses. Here, we introduce a heterogeneous interface anchoring strategy aimed at enhancing interfacial properties by incorporating a silane coupling agent between the perovskite and hole transport layers.

Engineering gold nanosheets into bugle-like assemblies for plasmon-enhanced near-infrared oncology treatment.

Photothermal tumor therapy (PTT) performance heavily relies on the optical properties of energy transfer materials, and the precise tuning of morphology is key to achieving its performance optimization. Among typical noble metal nanostructures, low-symmetry gold (Au) nanocrystals, with tunable optical properties in the visible and near-infrared regions through their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, are able to efficiently convert absorbed light energy into thermal energy and show unique advantages in photothermal applications. In this study, we present a novel synthesis of gold (Au) nanocrystals with low-symmetry shapes, employing hexamethylenetetramine to induce the rolling of Au nanosheets into cone-like structures, which subsequently evolve into bugle forms.

Exploration and Application of Malignant Cell Heterogeneity Analysis with Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing Technology.

Cancer remains a formidable global health burden owing to its persistently high incidence and mortality, highlighting the need to elucidate its underlying biological mechanisms. Such insights are crucial for refining diagnostic precision and therapeutic efficacy. Notably, human tumors represent highly heterogeneous ecosystems, comprising a dynamic interplay between malignant cells and non-malignant components, such as immune infiltrates and stromal elements.

Reusable Noncomplementary DNA-Based Neural Network.

Neural network computation is a cornerstone of modern artificial intelligence, with electronic software-based approaches achieving widespread success due to their ability to enable continuous, iterative learning on the same platform. DNA-based neural networks, with their potential advantages in versatility, scalability, and energy efficiency, offer a promising alternative to traditional systems. However, despite significant advancements in pattern recognition and algorithm accuracy, current DNA-based neural networks, relying on the complementary pairing of DNA nucleobases, suffer from the nonreusability of their computing materials.

Novel glycoprotein SBSPON suppressed bladder cancer through the AKT signal pathway by inhibiting HSPA5 membrane translocation.

Bladder cancer poses severe threats to human health due to its aggressive nature and resistance to drug treatment; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we identify SBSPON (Somatomedin B and Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain Containing) as a novel tumor suppressor. The expression of SBSPON was downregulated in bladder cancer and correlated with poor overall survival.

Engineered Un1Cas12f1 with boosted gene-editing activity and expanded genomic coverage.

Compact programmable nucleases provide versatile genome editing tools with therapeutic potential, particularly when delivered via adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. However, their limited editing efficacy and stringent protospaceradjacent motif (PAM) requirements impose significant limitations in practical application. Here, we engineered MiniCasUltra, an optimized Un1Cas12f1 variant, through rational mutagenesis.

The novel role of Kallistatin in linking metabolic syndromes and cognitive memory deterioration by inducing amyloid-β plaques accumulation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation.

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the hippocampus triggers cognitive memory decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The incidence and mortality of sporadic AD were tightly associated with diabetes and hyperlipidemia, while the exact linked molecular mechanism is uncertain. Here, the present investigation identified significantly elevated serum Kallistatin levels in AD patients concomitant with hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, suggesting potential crosstalk between neuroendocrine regulation and metabolic dysregulation in AD pathophysiology.

Study on the Central Neural Pathways Connecting the Brain and Peripheral Acupoints Using Neural Tracers.

Background: Acupuncture is widely used for therapeutic purposes, but the neural mechanisms underlying its effects are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the neural projections from acupoints and subcutaneous (sham acupoints) sites to the central nervous system, using retrograde tracing technology, to clarify the specificity of acupuncture's neural pathways.

Methods: Adult C57BL/6J mice were injected with the retrograde tracer PRV-CAG-3 × mScarlet at seven acupoints (LI4, GV20, LI11, BL23, LR3, ST25, ST36) and their corresponding subcutaneous sites (sham acupoints).

Bimolecular Synergy Reshapes the Interfacial Reactivity of Wide-Bandgap Perovskites.

Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites have garnered significant attention owing to their extensive applicability in tandem photovoltaic devices. However, the conventional post-treatment strategy utilizing phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) frequently results in the formation of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite structures with mixed n-values and the phase evolution under operating conditions, thereby constraining further enhancement of device performance and deteriorating the operation stability. Through intermolecular interactions and localized polarity modulation, this method facilitates cation exchange reactions between phenethylammonium (PEA) and formamidinium (FA) ions, enabling the formation of homogenized 2D perovskite layer with n = 2 on WBG perovskite surface.

Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Tap Water from East China: Impact from Water Sources and Risk Mitigation by Household Purifiers.

The growing regulatory focus on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water raises the urgent need for comprehensive monitoring and effective removal strategies. Herein, we analyzed 81 PFAS in tap water produced from three major water bodies in East China, a global PFAS emission hub. Such systematic quantitative analyses detected 64 PFAS, representing the highest reported number to date and including 28 novel species first quantified in Chinese tap water.

Dual-Plasmonic Yolk-Shell Au Nanoplate@CuSe Hollow Spheres for Enhanced Near-Infrared II Photothermal Conversion.

We report the design and synthesis of a dual-plasmonic yolk-shell nanostructure containing Au nanoplate@CuSe hollow spheres with tunable selenium (Se) content, engineered to enhance NIR-II photothermal conversion performance. The fabrication process begins with the high-yield synthesis of Au nanoplates, which serve as both a structural template and a plasmonic core. A conformal CuO layer is then grown on the Au nanoplate surface, followed by controlled selenization to convert CuO into CuSe, concurrently forming a yolk-shell architecture with a hollow interlayer.

Light-Driven, Super-Fast Self-Healing Transparent MXene/WO/Polyurethane Films with Superior Toughness for Thermal Management.

Light-driven materials have attracted great interest for their promising applications in next-generation smart devices. The incorporation of various photothermal materials into polymers has been developed for endowing composites with the capability of light harvesting and photothermal conversion, and management. However, their opaque appearance, vulnerability, and challenging processability limit their practical applications.

Precise Magnetic Stimulation of the Paraventricular Nucleus Improves Sociability in a Mouse Model of ASD.

Magnetic stimulation has made significant strides in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, current magnetic stimulation techniques lack the precision to accurately modulate specific nuclei and cannot realize deep brain magnetic stimulation. To address this, we utilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as mediators to achieve precise targeting and penetration.

Multimodal deep learning model for prognostic prediction in cervical cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy: a multi-center study.

For patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), precise survival prediction models could guide personalized treatment. We developed and validated CerviPro, a deep learning-based multimodal prognostic model, to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in 1018 patients with LACC receiving definitive radiotherapy. The model integrates pre- and post-treatment CT imaging, handcrafted radiomic features, and clinical variables.

Carrier rocket-inspired hydrogel microspheres targeting subchondral bone osteoclast activity alleviate osteoarthritic pain and cartilage degeneration.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a major global health challenge, characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling, which culminate in debilitating pain and functional impairment. While recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of activated osteoclasts in the pathogenesis of OA and its associated pain, the therapeutic potential of intra-articular drug delivery has been hindered by challenges such as rapid synovial clearance and the poor permeability of cartilage, limiting the effective inhibition of subchondral osteoclast activity.

Methods: Sixth generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were used to delivery pamidronate disodium (PD) penetrating cartilage (PD@PM).

Diff5T: Benchmarking human brain diffusion MRI with an extensive 5.0 Tesla k-space and spatial dataset.

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides critical insights into the microstructural and connectional organization of the human brain. However, the availability of high-field, open-access datasets that include raw k-space data for advanced research remains limited. To address this gap, we introduce Diff5T, a first comprehensive 5.

Activity-induced conversion from dendritic filopodia to spines mediated by NMDA receptor-dependent calcium transients and vesicular exocytosis.

Synapses are essential for neural information processing by gating the propagation of activity in synaptically connected neuronal circuits. During the development of such circuits, neuronal activity contributes to synaptic formation and stabilization, or synaptogenesis. However, the precise cellular mechanisms underlying the signalling and structural changes during synaptogenesis remain incompletely understood.

Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for cerebral small vessel disease risk assessment.

Objective: Given the limited accessibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in community settings and the lack of practical early risk assessment tools, we aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning (ML) model using non-imaging routine clinical data to identify individuals at high risk of CSVD and its imaging subgroups (lacunes and white matter hyperintensities [WMH]).

Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 1,489 participants in two community-based regions of China, with CSVD diagnosed by 0.35 T mobile MRI.

Gut microbiota - indole-3-acetic acid axis in cancer: dual functions, mechanistic insights, and therapeutic potential.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a gut microbial metabolite produced from dietary tryptophan, has a dual role in cancer, either promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on its concentration and the cancer context. IAA can boost chemotherapy effectiveness by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting autophagy, and damaging cancer cells. It also activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which promotes an immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype and reduces T-cell activity, aiding in tumor growth.

Photoinduced Cation Coupled Electron Transfer for Efficient Ionic Power Harvesting Based on CNT/MoS Heterostructures.

Inspired from the light-driven proton-coupled electron transfer during photosynthesis in green plants, an engineered CNT/MoS biomimetic nanofluidic system has been successfully developed, which achieves photo-activated ion transport in iso-concentration electrolytes through synergistic photothermal-photoelectric coupling. Under light irradiation, localized photothermal effects in CNT generate a temperature gradient, driving thermophoretic ion migration, while the same irradiation triggers a MoS-mediated surface charge gradient via photoexcited carrier redistribution, encompassing both vertical charge transfer and horizontal carrier diffusion. The resultant dual gradients of surface charge asymmetry and temperature differential cooperatively drive autonomous ion pumping.