Mesenchymal stem cells for lung diseases: focus on immunomodulatory action.

In recent years, the morbidity and mortality caused by acute and chronic lung diseases have gradually increased, becoming a global public health burden. However, modern medicine has yet to determine the exact treatment for lung diseases associated with inflammation. Alleviating lung diseases and repairing injured lung tissue are urgent issues that need to be resolved.

In Situ TEM Reveals Direct One-Step Reduction of van der Waals Crystal MoO to Mo.

Molybdenum oxides (MOs) exhibit rich polymorphism and tunable properties, yet their phase transformation pathways are poorly understood. Here, we employ in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal a direct reduction of MoO to metallic Mo, bypassing known intermediate phases such as MoO and MoO. Surface nucleation begins at approximately 800 °C and is completed at 900 °C.

Pp1-87B/PPP1CC-JNK axis integrates apoptosis and ferroptosis-like cell death to regulate cell competition and tumorigenesis.

Cell competition, an evolutionarily conserved quality control mechanism, selectively removes unfit or pre-malignant cells via cell-cell interactions. Through a genetic screen in Drosophila, we identify the phosphatase Pp1-87B as an essential regulator of JNK signaling crucial for eliminating scrib-deficient precancerous cells during tumor-suppressive cell competition. Mechanistically, impaired Pp1-87B activates JNK signaling via the Moe-Rho1 axis.

Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp)-H Phosphinoylation of Tetrahydroisoquinoline with Cl-Phosphine Oxide.

A photoinduced palladium-catalyzed radical C(sp)-H phosphinoylation of tetrahydroisoquinoline was reported. Easily accessible and inexpensive Cl-phosphine oxides were employed as phosphorus radical sources. The key steps in this strategy involve the generation of phosphorus and carbon radicals using the excited palladium complex.

Assessing the impact of radiofrequency ablation on hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is a challenging malignancy with limited treatment options. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a potential palliative treatment, but its efficacy and safety remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of RFA + stent (RFA + S) and stent only (S-only) on HC patients.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis and Volume Using Preoperative Ultrasound Features in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Objective: A predictive model of cervical lymph node metastasis and metastasis volume was constructed based on a machine learning algorithm and ultrasound characteristics before surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 573 cases of PTC patients who underwent surgery in our institution, from 2017 to 2022. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were systematically collected.

Ciprofol Alleviates Depressive-Like Behaviors in CUMS Mice Through PPARα-Associated ERK/CREB Signaling Activation.

Background: Depression is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder involving neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of short-acting anesthetics in the treatment of depression. Ciprofol, a novel intravenous anesthetic with rapid onset and recovery, shows promise, although its antidepressant mechanisms remain underexplored.

Targeting necrotic lipid release in tumors enhances immunosurveillance and cancer immunotherapy of glioblastoma.

Tumors evolve to avoid immune destruction and establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Syngeneic mouse tumor models are critical for understanding tumor immune evasion and testing cancer immunotherapy. Derived from established mouse tumor cell lines that can already evade the immune system, these models cannot simulate early phases of immunoediting during initial tumorigenesis.

Genome wide identification and bioinformatic analysis of peroxisomal Small Thioesterase (ST) gene family in plant.

Peroxisomes, as essential eukaryotic organelles, are known to be involved in many oxidative metabolic processes including β-oxidative biosynthesis and/or metabolism of plant hormones and their substrates that are less or not known. The small thioesterase (ST) gene family encodes enzymes, called thioesterases that are notably involved in β-oxidative benzoic acid metabolism, as well as the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds and phylloquinone. To delve deeper into the role of these proteins in plant peroxisomes, we conducted an in-silico analysis to identify peroxisomal ST genes in Arabidopsis, focusing on identifying peroxisome-targeting signal peptide.

A hydrogel/P(VDF-TrFE) system for enhanced bone regeneration with controllable self-sustained electrical cues.

The limited self-healing capacity of critical-sized bone defects presents significant challenges in healing. An effective approach is to regulate the physicochemical properties of biomaterials to mimic the natural bone regenerative microenvironment. In this work, we have prepared Chitosan-Gelatin (CS-Gel) based hydrogel/ Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) systems, which provide biomimetic and electric cues for bone regeneration.

The increase in wastewater-sourced resistome elevated the prevalence and risk of riverine antibiotic resistance in wet season.

Frequent rainfall events can trigger sewer overflows and surface runoff, facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to downstream aquatic environments. However, the dynamic hydrologic conditions during rainfalls complicate the behavior of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), making it challenging to trace their sources and assess associated risks. Here, we integrated global resistome data to investigate the distribution, sources, and AMR risks of ARGs in the Xiangjiang River during the wet season, in comparison to the dry season.

Efficient Recovery and Fast Hydrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene).

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a versatile, relatively low-cost thermoplastic polymer, but its nonbiodegradability and extensive use lead to significant accumulation and environmental risks. The main roadblocks of current plastic recycling technologies include low-quality recycled plastics and inefficient degradation under harsh conditions, which highlights the urgent need to develop efficient and sustainable recycling processes. Herein, for the first time, a strategy is developed using bio-based solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) for efficient recycling of waste PET-to-polymer or monomer.

Protein lipoylation in cancer: metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic potential.

Protein lipoylation, a mitochondria-specific post-translational modification (PTM) evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to mammals, plays critical role in metabolic processes. In humans, four identified lipoylated proteins serve as essential components of key enzymes involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism. The dynamic addition or removal of lipoylation modifications critically regulates the functional activity of these enzymes, with dysregulation strongly associated with cancers.

Machine learning-guided construction of MoS/MoO heterostructures on hollow carbon shells for polysulfide mitigation in lithium-sulfur batteries.

The commercialization of lithium‑sulfur (LiS) batteries faces fundamental issues from polysulfide shuttling to inefficient redox kinetics, compounded by the absence of systematic methods for catalyst design. Herein, we present a machine learning (ML)-driven strategy to design MoS/MoO heterostructures anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon shells (NCS) via gradient boosting decision trees modeling. The ML-guided optimization identifies critical synthesis parameters (e.

Impact of vibrational strong coupling on liquid-liquid phase separation in supramolecular polymers.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a universal phenomenon that plays a key role in many biological processes. Although LLPS is well known for (bio)macromolecular systems, we have recently demonstrated that supramolecular polymer systems can also undergo LLPS an entropy-driven pathway. This opens new avenues for engineering biomaterials with tailored properties and functionalities by modulating the pathways of supramolecular polymerization.

Impact of fructooligosaccharides on gut microbiota composition and metabolite production: implications for childhood obesity.

Background: Contemporary dietary habits in children have been linked to various health issues, particularly the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. However, the complex relationship between children's diets, gut microbiota, and health outcomes remains incompletely understood. This study investigates the effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on gut microbiota composition and metabolic processes in children, and explores their potential impact on pediatric health outcomes such as obesity and metabolic disorders.

A microscopic transungual surgical approach for subungual glomus tumor resection.

Background: Glomus tumors, rare benign neoplasms developing from the glomus, often pose challenges in early detection due to their small size and subtle symptoms. Surgical removal remains the only primary treatment; however, existing approaches have limitations, particularly in preserving nail structure and minimizing recurrence rates. This study introduces the Microscopic Transungual Surgical Approach to overcome the drawbacks of existing procedures for glomus tumor excision and evaluate its efficacy in treating these tumors.

Lactulose Combined With PEG for Effective and Safe Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of polyethylene glycol electrolyte (PEG) combined with lactulose versus PEG alone in bowel preparation quality for colonoscopy.

Methods: The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251035139). Comprehensive literature searches were conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP.

mediates a transient regeneration-activated cell state in planarian tissue regeneration.

The role of induced gene expression is crucial for tissue regeneration. The transient regenerative cellular state that discriminates between missing-tissue and non-missing-tissue injuries remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a homolog of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), named (), in the planarian .

Molecular Mechanism of Na/H Antiporting in NhaA.

Sodium-proton antiporter NhaA of is a paradigm to investigate the mechanistic basis of the fundamental Na/H exchange in cells. However, all existing crystal structures of NhaA are inward-facing (IF), and the putative outward-facing (OF) structures are still unsolved by experiment, limiting a complete understanding of the transport cycle in which Lys300 plays a key role in both structural stability and transport function. Here, we report a set of atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that start from the structure predicted by an artificial intelligence model that generates function-relevant alternative conformations.

Development and validation of a dynamic prediction model for single-dose methotrexate treatment success in tubal ectopic pregnancy: a multicentre cohort study in Chinese hospitals.

Introduction: Tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP) frequently presents as a gynaecological emergency, often necessitating prompt medical intervention. Although methotrexate therapy offers the advantage of being non-invasive, it still poses the risk of tubal rupture and consequent haemorrhage, which may require emergency surgery. The major challenges encountered in practice are the lack of reliable methods to anticipate the likelihood of failure of single-dose methotrexate therapy and identify associated risk factors and thereby preclude unnecessary medical procedures.