Machine learning-guided construction of MoS/MoO heterostructures on hollow carbon shells for polysulfide mitigation in lithium-sulfur batteries.

The commercialization of lithium‑sulfur (LiS) batteries faces fundamental issues from polysulfide shuttling to inefficient redox kinetics, compounded by the absence of systematic methods for catalyst design. Herein, we present a machine learning (ML)-driven strategy to design MoS/MoO heterostructures anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon shells (NCS) via gradient boosting decision trees modeling. The ML-guided optimization identifies critical synthesis parameters (e.

Kluyveromyces marxianus fermenta tion improves tomato sensory profile, functional metabolites, lycopene bioaccessibility, and human fecal microbiota composition.

Kluyveromyces marxianus is a traditional fermentation starter, but the effects of K. marxianus fermentation on tomato remain largely unknown. Here, K.

Cooling Blood and Detoxicating Formula Treats Psoriasis Through RHCG-Related Mechanisms.

This study explores the therapeutic potential of the cooling blood and detoxicating formula (CBDF) in the treatment of psoriasis, emphasizing its anti-inflammatory properties and its interaction with RHCG-related mechanisms. Psoriasis, a complex skin disorder characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and immune system dysregulation, remains challenging to treat effectively. Utilizing advanced techniques including network pharmacology, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics, this research identifies key active components in CBDF-quercetin and kaempferol-that influence critical inflammatory pathways.

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Cultivation Environments on Grain Endophytes, Microbial Communities, and Quality of Medium-High Temperature Daqu in Chinese Baijiu.

Wheat grain serves as the primary raw material for producing medium-high temperature (MT)-Daqu, a fermentation starter crucial for Chinese Baijiu production, characterized by spontaneous fermentation without the inoculation of exogenous substances. However, the interactions among wheat varieties, cultivation environments, and the resulting Daqu quality remain poorly understood. This study evaluates three wheat varieties harvested from three distinct cultivation environments, examining wheat grain quality, grain-associated endophytes, and physicochemical properties and microbial communities of MT-Daqu at 0, 9, and 90 days of fermentation.

Highly stable bidentate thiol-protected AgCu nanoclusters: a stable catalyst for enhanced Knoevenagel condensation.

The bidentate thiol-protected AgCu nanocluster exhibits exceptional stability, achieving 91% yield in the Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde and malononitrile (24 h). Upon carbon black immobilization, the yield rises to 97%, demonstrating enhanced catalytic synergy and robust heterogeneous catalysis.

Differentiated application of oxygen levels for the preservation of high‑oxygen packaged beef based on initial microbial contamination.

This study investigated the influence of various oxygen (O) levels on the storage quality of chilled beef steaks with different initial microbial loads (low initial microbial loads, LIML; high initial microbial loads, HIML). The steaks were stored under three modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) systems (MAP70 = 70 % O/30 % CO; MAP50 = 50 % O/30 % CO/20 % N; MAP30 = 30 % O/30 % CO/40 % N) for 20 days. Oxygen levels had no impact on bacterial counts and microbial diversity during storage, in which Serratia and Brochothrix became predominant bacteria.

Analysis of Common Treatment Drugs and Allergen Sensitization in Hair Loss Patients.

Background: Hair loss significantly impacts an individual's appearance, self-confidence, quality of life, and social competitiveness. Over 250 million people in China suffer from hair loss, accounting for 18% of the population. To ensure the safe selection of topical hair products for hair loss patients, reduce the risks of allergies and irritation, and improve clinical efficacy and adherence, we developed a hair patch test based on clinical needs.

Precisely Tailoring Molecular Structure of Doxorubicin Prodrugs to Enable Stable Nanoassembly, Rapid Activation, and Potent Antitumor Effect.

Background: Achieving a balance between stable drug loading/delivery and on-demand drug activation/release at the target sites remains a significant challenge for nanomedicines. Carrier-free prodrug nanoassemblies, which rely on the design of prodrug molecules, offer a promising strategy to optimize both drug delivery efficiency and controlled drug release profiles.

Methods: A library of doxorubicin (DOX) prodrugs was created by linking DOX to fatty alcohols of varying chain lengths via a tumor-responsive disulfide bond.

Efficacy and safety of glucocorticoid combined with cyclophosphamide therapy on membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This review systematically evaluates the efficacy and safety of the combined treatment of glucocorticoids (GC) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) in patients with membranous nephropathy (MN).

Methods: As of June 2024, a comprehensive literature search was performed utilizing several reputable databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang. A meta-analysis was then carried out using Review Manager 5.

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Combined with RNA Sequencing Identified Candidate Genes for Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Bitter Gourd ( L.).

Improving the powdery mildew resistance of bitter gourd is highly important for achieving high yield and high quality. To better understand the genetic basis of powdery mildew resistance in bitter gourd, this study analyzed 300 lines of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) formed by hybridizing the powdery mildew-resistant material MC18 and the powdery mildew-susceptible material MC402. A high-density genetic map of 1222.

Dynamic Surface Intelligent Robust Control of Nonlinear Systems With Fixed-Time Sliding-Mode Observer.

The high tracking control precision and fast finite-time convergence for nonlinear systems is a significant challenge due to complex nonlinearity and unknown disturbances. To address this challenge, a dynamic surface intelligent robust control strategy with fixed-time sliding-mode observer (DSIRC-SMO) is proposed to improve the tracking control performance in a finite time. First, adaptive fuzzy neural network based on a predictor (P-AFNN) is designed to imitate the complex nonlinearity.

Paeonol attenuated high glucose-induced apoptosis via up-regulating miR-223-3p in mouse cardiac microvascular endothelial cells.

To investigate the role of miR-223-3p in the modulatory effect of paeonol (Pae) on high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. HG (25 mmol/L) was used to induce cellular damage and apoptosis in the mouse cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (MCMECs). Various concentration of Pae was tested and 60 μmol/L Pae was selected for the subsequent studies.

Promoting C-C coupling for CO reduction on CuO electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms.

CuO doped with atomically dispersed Rh (Rh:CuO) is synthesized with a wet chemical method. It shows higher activity and faradaic efficiency at lower overpotential for reduction of CO to C products, especially CH, than pristine CuO. We found that introducing Rh promotes CO adsorption, *CO hydrogenation to *CHO and their coupling to O*CCHO intermediates, which contributes to enhanced catalytic performance.

Study on the mechanism and degradation behavior of Encifer adhaerens DNM-S1 capturing dimethyl phthalate.

The global concern surrounding pollution caused by phthalates is escalating, with dimethyl phthalate (DMP) emerging as one of the most prevalent contaminants within the phthalates (PAEs) category. Although the biodegradation of DMP is considered both safe and efficient, its underlying degradation mechanism is not yet fully elucidated, and the degradation performance can be somewhat inconsistent. To address this issue, our study isolated a DMP-degrading bacterium (DNM-S1) from a vegetable greenhouse.

Switching to the aflibercept (3 mg) therapy for treatment-resistant wet age-related macular degeneration: 1-year outcomes.

This study aimed to elucidate 1-year outcomes following switching to the aflibercept (3 mg) therapy for treatment-resistant wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD). In this prospective, open-label, non-controlled clinical trial, 18 patients with wAMD who had multiple recurrences or persistent exudation despite intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (except aflibercept) received a 3-mg intravitreal aflibercept injection every 4 weeks. Each patient received 3 to 8 injections.

Precisely Self-Cooperative Nanoassembly Enables Photothermal/Ferroptosis Synergistic Tumor Eradication.

Ferroptosis is identified as a potential target for anticancer therapy. However, most conventional ferroptosis inducers not only fail to trigger intracellular lipid peroxidation storm, but are also prone to cause ferroptosis-related toxicity through off-target destruction of intracellular antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, a potent and highly tumor-specific ferroptosis induction modality is desired.

Probe-Type Multi-Core Fiber Optic Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Seawater Salinity, Pressure, and Temperature.

In this article, we propose and demonstrate a probe-type multi-core fiber (MCF) sensor for the multi-parameter measurement of seawater. The sensor comprises an MCF and two capillary optical fibers (COFs) with distinct inner diameters, in which a 45° symmetric core reflection (SCR) structure and a step-like inner diameter capillary (SIDC) structure filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are fabricated at the fiber end. The sensor is equipped with three channels for different measurements.

Multi-omics reveals that 5-O-methylvisammioside prevention acute liver injury in mice by regulating the TNF/MAPK/NF-κB/arachidonic acid pathway.

Background: The pathogenesis of acute liver injury (ALI) has been a pressing issue in the medical scientific community. We previously found that 5-O-methylvisammioside (MeV) from Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk has excellent anti-inflammatory properties.

Alterations in articular cartilage frictional properties in the setting of acute gouty arthritis.

The tribological behaviour of articular cartilage plays a key role in joint motion; however, there is a gap in research on the effect of hyperuricemic joint fluid on cartilage friction behaviour in acute gouty arthritis. In this study, we carried out a fixed-load scratch experiment to compare the friction and wear of articular cartilage under the lubrication of gouty arthritis arthritic fluid and normal human arthritic fluid, and the results showed that the cartilage friction coefficient of patients with acute gouty arthritis was significantly larger than that of normal human beings, and that the cartilage friction coefficient decreased with the elevation of normal load and sliding speed, and the change with the sliding speed varied more differently from that of normal human beings, and that the cartilage surface wear was more severe after prolonged friction. The wear and tear of the cartilage surface is more severe after prolonged friction.

Anti-inflammatory effect of lignans from flaxseed after fermentation by lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCB0151 in vitro.

Lignan, a beneficial constituent of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) showed great interest in researchers because of its multiple functional properties. Nonetheless, a challenge arises due to the glycosidic structure of lignans, which the gut epithelium cannot readily absorb.

First report of Metschnikowia bicuspidata infection in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense, de Haan) in China.

During breeding, some oriental river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense, de Haan), an important aquaculture species in China, exhibit yellowish-brown body colouration, reduced appetite, and vitality. Diseased prawns revealed characteristic emulsifying disease signs, including whitened musculature, hepatopancreatic tissues, milky haemolymph, and non-coagulation. The present study investigated the causative agent of M.

A comparative study on flaxseed lignan biotransformation through resting cell catalysis and microbial fermentation by β-glucosidase production Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.

Background: Flax lignan has attracted much attention because of its potential bioactivities. However, the bioavailability of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the main lignan in flaxseed, depends on the bioconversion by the colon bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with β-glucosidase activity has found wide application in preparing bioactive aglycone.

Unidirectional coupled chiral fiber grating.

We investigate a unidirectional coupled chiral fiber grating (UCFG) with both helical refractive index (RI) and loss modulation. The two modulations form a π/2 phase difference in the fiber cross-sectional azimuth angle, which "breaks" the mode coupled reciprocity of the forward and backward propagation. The forward propagation fundamental mode coupling is forbidden, while the backward propagation fundamental mode is coupled to the vortex mode.